Spring Security二：Session的认证方式
下面来通过一个实例讲解Session认证的方式
创建工程：
引入依赖：
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId> <version>5.0.4.RELEASEversion> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servletgroupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId> <version>3.1.0version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId> <artifactId>lombokartifactId> <version>1.18.8version> dependency> dependencies> <build> <finalName>security‐springmvcfinalName> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.mavengroupId> <artifactId>tomcat7‐maven‐pluginartifactId> <version>2.2version> plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.pluginsgroupId> <artifactId>maven‐compiler‐pluginartifactId> <configuration> <source>1.8source> <target>1.8target> configuration> plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven‐resources‐pluginartifactId> <configuration> <encoding>utf‐8encoding> <useDefaultDelimiters>trueuseDefaultDelimiters> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resourcesdirectory> <filtering>truefiltering> <includes> <include>**/*include> includes> resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/javadirectory> <includes> <include>**/*.xmlinclude> includes> resource> resources> configuration> plugin> plugins> pluginManagement> build>
Spring容器配置
在config包下定义ApplicationConfig.java，这个配置类相当于spring的配置文件
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "cn.xh" ,excludeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)}) public class ApplicationConfig { //在此配置除了Controller的其它bean，比如：数据库链接池、事务管理器、业务bean等。 } Springmvc配置
在config包下定义WebConfig.java,这个配置类相当于springmv的配置文件
@Configuration @EnableWebMvc @ComponentScan(basePackages = "cn.xh" ,includeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)}) public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { //视频解析器 @Bean public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){ InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver(); viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/view/"); viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp"); return viewResolver; } }
加载spring容器
在init包下定义spring容器的初始化类SpringApplicationInitializer,该类实现了WebApplicationInitializer接口相当于web.xml文件。Spring容器启动时会加载所有实现了WebApplicationInitializer接口的类。
public class SpringApplicationInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { @Override protected Class[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class[] { ApplicationConfig.class }; } @ Override protected Class[] getServletConfigClasses() { return new Class[] { WebConfig.class }; } @ Override protected String[] getServletMappings() { return new String [] {"/"}; } }
该类对应的web.xml文件可以参考：
‐app> ‐class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener ‐param> ‐name>contextConfigLocation ‐value>/WEB‐INF/application‐context.xml ‐param>
‐name>springmvc org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet‐class> ‐param> ‐name>contextConfigLocation ‐value>/WEB‐INF/spring‐mvc.xml ‐param>
‐on‐startup>1 ‐mapping> ‐name>springmvc ‐pattern>/ ‐mapping>
‐app>
实现认证功能
在webapp/WEB-INF/views下定义认证页面login.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>用户登录title>
head>
<body>
<form action="login" method="post">
用户名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密 码:
<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
form>
body>
html>
在WebConfig中新增如下配置，将/直接导向login.jsp页面：
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
}
启动项目，访问/路径地址，进行测试
创建认证接口;
认证接口用来对传入的用户名和密码进行验证，验证成功返回用户的详细信息，失败抛出错误异常。
public interface AuthenticationService {
/**
* 用户认证
* @param authenticationRequest 用户认证请求
* @return 认证成功的用户信息
*/
UserDto authentication(AuthenticationRequest authenticationRequest);
}
认证请求结构：
@Data
public class AuthenticationRequest {
/**
* 用户名
*/
private String username;
/**
* 密码
*/
private String password;
}
用户详细信息：
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class UserDto {
private String id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String fullname;
private String mobile;
}
认证实现类：
@Service
public class AuthenticationServiceImpl implements AuthenticationService {
@Override
public UserDto authentication(AuthenticationRequest authenticationRequest) {
if(authenticationRequest == null
|| StringUtils.isEmpty(authenticationRequest.getUsername())
|| StringUtils.isEmpty(authenticationRequest.getPassword())){
throw new RuntimeException("账号或密码为空");
}
UserDto userDto = getUserDto(authenticationRequest.getUsername());
if(userDto == null){
throw new RuntimeException("查询不到该用户");
}
if(!authenticationRequest.getPassword().equals(userDto.getPassword())){
throw new RuntimeException("账号或密码错误");
}
return userDto;
}
//模拟用户查询
public UserDto getUserDto(String username){
return userMap.get(username);
}
//用户信息
private Map
{
userMap.put("zhangsan",new UserDto("1010","zhangsan","123","张三","133443"));
userMap.put("lisi",new UserDto("1011","lisi","456","李四","144553"));
}
}
登录controller:
@RestController
public class LoginController {
@Autowired
private AuthenticationService authenticationService;
/**
* 用户登录
* @param authenticationRequest 登录请求
* @return
*/
@PostMapping(value = "/login",produces = "text/plain;charset=utf‐8")
public String login(AuthenticationRequest authenticationRequest){
UserDto userDto = authenticationService.authentication(authenticationRequest);
return userDto.getFullname() + " 登录成功";
}
}
测试
实现会话功能：
当用户登录系统后，系统需要记住用户的信息，一般会把用户的信息放在session中，在需要的时候从session中获取用户的信息，这就是会话机制。
- 首先在UserDto中定义一个Session_USER_KEY,作为session的key
public static final String SESSION_USER_KEY = "_user";
- 修改LoginController,认证成功后，将用户的信息放入session,并增加用户注销的方法，用户注销时清空session
@PostMapping(value = "/login",produces = "text/plain;charset=utf‐8")
public String login(AuthenticationRequest authenticationRequest, HttpSession session){
UserDto userDto = authenticationService.authentication(authenticationRequest);
//用户信息存入session
session.setAttribute(UserDto.SESSION_USER_KEY,userDto);
return userDto.getUsername() + "登录成功";
}
@GetMapping(value = "logout",produces = "text/plain;charset=utf‐8")
public String logout(HttpSession session){
session.invalidate();
return "退出成功";
}
- 增加测试资源，在LoginController中增加测试资源：
@GetMapping(value = "/r/r1",produces = {"text/plain;charset=utf-8"})
public String r1(HttpSession session){
String fullname = null;
Object userObj = session.getAttribute(UserDto.SESSION_USER_KEY);
if(userObj != null){
fullname = ((UserDto)userObj).getFullname();
}else{
fullname = "匿名";
}
return fullname + " 访问资源1";
}
- 测试：
未登录访问 /r/r1显示：
已登录访问 /r/r1显示：
实现授权功能
用户访问系统需要经过授权，需要完成如下功能：
- 禁止未登录用户访问某些资源
- 登录用户根据用户的权限决定是否能访问某些资源
第一步：在UserDto里增加权限属性表示该登录用户拥有的权限：
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class UserDto {
public static final String SESSION_USER_KEY = "_user";
private String id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String fullname;
private String mobile;
/**
* 用户权限
*/
private Set
}
第二步：在AuthenticationServiceImpl中为用户初始化权限，张三给了p1权限，李四给了p2权限：
//用户信息
private Map
{
Set
authorities1.add("p1");
Set
authorities2.add("p2");
userMap.put("zhangsan",new UserDto("1010","zhangsan","123","张三","133443",authorities1));
userMap.put("lisi",new UserDto("1011","lisi","456","李四","144553",authorities2));
}
第三步：在LoginController中增加测试资源：
/**
* 测试资源2
* @param session
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value = "/r/r2",produces = {"text/plain;charset=utf-8"})
public String r2(HttpSession session){
String fullname = null;
Object userObj = session.getAttribute(UserDto.SESSION_USER_KEY);
if(userObj != null){
fullname = ((UserDto)userObj).getFullname();
}else{
fullname = "匿名";
}
return fullname + " 访问资源2";
}
第四步：在interceptor包下实现授权拦截器SimpleAuthenticationInterceptor：
- 校验用户是否登录
- 校验用户是否有操作权限
@Component
public class SimpleAuthenticationInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//请求拦截方法
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object
handler) throws Exception {
//读取会话信息
Object object = request.getSession().getAttribute(UserDto.SESSION_USER_KEY);
if (object == null) {
writeContent(response, "请登录");
}
UserDto user = (UserDto) object;
//请求的url
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
if (user.getAuthorities().contains("p1") && requestURI.contains("/r1")) {
return true;
}
if (user.getAuthorities().contains("p2") && requestURI.contains("/r2")) {
return true;
}
writeContent(response, "权限不足，拒绝访问");
return false;
}
//响应输出
private void writeContent(HttpServletResponse response, String msg) throws IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
writer.print(msg);
writer.close();
response.resetBuffer();
}
}
在WebConfig中配置拦截器，配置/r/**的资源被拦截器处理：
@Autowired
private SimpleAuthenticationInterceptor simpleAuthenticationInterceptor;
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(simpleAuthenticationInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/r/**");
}
测试：
未登录：
张三访问/r/r1：
张三访问 /r/r2:
我们通过session会话的方式实现了简单的认证和授权，但是在企业中我们往往会使用第三方的框架如：shiro和spring security来帮我们提高开发效率。