Depression & Treatment 1
Jack is a psychiatrist, which means he treats people who have mental problems.
He has been treating patients for many years and has used a variety of treatments.
Sometimes he just listens and talks to patients, and sometimes he uses medications.
These medications affect the brain in many different ways.
译文：杰克是一名精神病医生，这意味着他治疗有心理问题的人。他治疗病人很多年了，用过各种各样的疗法。有时他只是倾听并与病人交谈，有时他会用药物，这些药物以各种不同的方式影响着大脑。
Exercises:
1. A psychiatrist is a doctor who treats people who have mental problems.
2. He has been a psychiatrist for many years.
Put the sentences below in order:
(1) These medications affect the brain in many different ways.
(2) Jack is a psychiatrist, which means he treats people who have mental problems.
(3) Sometimes he just listens and talks to patients, and sometimes he uses medications.
(4) He has been treating patients for many years and has used a variety of treatments.
Correct Order: (2) (4) (3) (1)
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1. As a psychiatrist, he treats people who have mental problems.
2. He has been treating patients for many years and has used a variety of treatments.
3. These medications affect the brain in many different ways.
Over the years Jack found that some patients improved with treatment while others didn't improve at all.
In some cases, a patient's response to a treatment was the opposite of what was expected.
Several years ago, he had a young patient who showed him why these treatments didn't work.
The patient's name was Bob.
He was 20 years old when he first came to see Jack for help.
The reason he came was that he had attempted suicide.
译文：多年来，杰克发现一些病人在治疗后病情有所好转，而另一些病人则没有丝毫的改善。在某些情况下，患者对治疗的反应与预期相反。几年前，他有一个年轻的病人向他展示了为什么这些治疗没有效果。病人的名字叫鲍勃。他第一次来找杰克帮忙时才20岁，他来的原因是他企图自杀。
Exercises:
1. — Why did Bob come for treatment?
— He had tried to kill himself.
2. Bob wouldn't have to see Jack if he hadn't tried to kill himself.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1. The reason he came was that he had attempted suicide.
2. He wouldn't have come to see Jack if he hadn't tried to kill himself.
3. In some cases, a patient's response to a treatment was the opposite of what was expected.
4. If he hadn’t attempted suicide, he wouldn’t have come to see Jack.
Bob was extremely smart and was a student at one of the best universities in the world.
However, he was often extremely depressed.
Because of his depression, he took drugs and drank a lot of alcohol.
It was an overdose of drugs and alcohol that nearly killed him.
His roommate called 911 when he discovered Bob unconscious in their dormitory room.
译文：鲍勃非常聪明，是世界上最好的大学之一的学生。然而，他经常极度沮丧。因为他的抑郁，他吸毒、酗酒。过量的毒品和酒精几乎要了他的命。当他的室友发现鲍勃昏迷不醒时，他拨打了911。
Put the sentences below in order:
(1) Because of his depression, he took drugs and drank a lot of alcohol.
(2) It was an overdose of drugs and alcohol that nearly killed him.
(3) Bob was extremely smart and was a student at one of the best universities in the world.
(4) However, he was often extremely depressed.
Correct Order: (3) (4) (1) (2)
Question:
— What nearly killed him?
— He took an overdose of drugs and drank too much alcohol.
Repeat Sentences:
1. It was an overdose of drugs and alcohol that nearly killed him.
2. He took drugs and drank a lot because of his depression.
3. Bob was extremely smart and was a student at one of the best universities in the world.
4. If his roommate hadn’t called 911, Bob would probably have died.
Once Bob recovered and was discharged from the hospital, he took time off from school to get help.
That was when he came to the clinic where Jack practices medicine.
At first Jack attempted to treat Bob with antidepressant medications.
He also used conversation and recommendations to help him rethink his life and memories.
After a few months, Bob began to improve, but only moderately.
Though he cooperated with the treatment, he continued to think negatively.
He also continued to go through periods of depression.
As a result, he wasn't able to return to school.
译文：鲍勃康复出院后，便休学去寻求帮助。就在那时，他来到了杰克行医的诊所。起初，杰克试图用抗抑郁药物治疗鲍勃。他还通过谈话和推荐帮助他重新思考自己的生活和记忆。几个月后，鲍勃开始有所好转，但只是略有好转。虽然他配合治疗，但他仍然消极地思考。他还继续经受着抑郁症的折磨。结果，他没能回到学校。
Questions:
1. — Why did they know that his treatment wasn’t working?
— He continued to go through periods of depression.
2. — What would Bob have done had the treatment been successful?
— He would probably have returned to school.
Fill in the blanks:
After a few months, Bob began to improve, but only moderately. Though he cooperated with the treatment, he continued to think negatively. He also continued to go through periods of depression. As a result, he wasn't able to return to school.
Repeat Sentences:
1. He wasn't able to return to school because his treatment wasn’t working.
2. He was still going through periods of depression.
3. As a result, he wasn't able to return to school.
4. Had the treatment been successful, he probably would have returned to school.
Depression & Treatment 2
Because the treatment wasn't working, Jack tried something new.
He decided to use brain scans to look inside Bob's brain.
Brain scans are a way to look inside the brain to see how it is functioning.
What the scans showed about Bob was crucial.
They showed that his brain was damaged in a way that nobody had anticipated.
There was significant damage to the front part of his brain.
An injury in this part of the brain can contribute to depression and negative feeling.
It can also contribute to feelings of anger and rage.
The fact that his brain was injured and unbalanced explained why the treatments hadn't worked.
译文：由于治疗无效，杰克尝试了一些新方法。他决定用脑部扫描来观察鲍勃的大脑内部。脑部扫描是一种观察大脑内部以了解其功能的方法。扫描显示的关于鲍勃的情况至关重要。扫描显示他的大脑受损了，这是大家都没预料到的。他的大脑前部受到严重损伤，大脑这部分的损伤会导致抑郁和消极情绪，它也会引起愤怒的感觉。他的大脑受伤和不平衡这一事实解释了为什么这些治疗方法不奏效。
Questions:
1. — What did Jack use to see how Bob's brain was functioning?
— He used brain scans.
2. — What did he use brain scans?
— None of his other treatments were working.
3. — What did the brain scan show?
— His brain was damaged.
Put the sentences below in order:
(1) An injury in this part of the brain can contribute to depression and negative feeling.
(2) What the scans showed about Bob was crucial.
(3) They showed that his brain was damaged in a way that nobody had anticipated.
(4) There was significant damage to the front part of his brain.
Correct Order: (2) (3) (4) (1)
The brain scans showed why the medications and other treatments hadn't worked.
They had failed because they didn't address the brain injury.
After discussing the injury with Bob and his parents, they concluded that the cause of the injury was from playing soccer.
In fact, Jack knew of quite a few soccer players who had suffered head injuries from playing that sport.
Heading a hard soccer ball many times can damage the brain.
译文：脑部扫描显示了药物和其他治疗方法无效的原因。他们失败了，因为他们没有解决大脑损伤的问题。在与鲍勃和他的父母讨论了受伤的原因后，他们得出结论，受伤的原因是踢足球。事实上，杰克知道有好几位足球运动员因为踢足球而头部受伤。多次顶着一个坚硬的足球会损伤大脑。
Questions:
1. — What was their conclusion about the cause of the injury?
— The injury was from playing soccer.
2. — Why hadn't the other treatments worked?
— They didn't address the brain injury.
Fill in the blanks:
In fact, Jack knew of a quite few of soccer players who had suffered head injuries from playing that sport.
Repeat Sentences:
1. They concluded that the cause of the injury was from playing soccer.
2. Heading a hard soccer ball many times can damage the brain.
3. The brain scans showed why the medications and other treatments hadn't worked.
4. If he hadn’t played soccer, his brain wouldn’t have been injured.
With this new information, Jack used a new medication to treat the injury.
Gradually, Bob improved, and after a few months was close to full recovery.
He no longer had any signs of depression and was finally able to return to school.
Ultimately, Bob graduated from his university with honors and entered a famous law school.
译文：有了这些新资料，杰克用了一种新药来治疗受伤处。渐渐地，鲍勃的病情有所好转，几个月后就接近完全康复了。他不再有任何抑郁的迹象，终于能够回到学校。最后，鲍勃以优异的成绩从大学毕业，进入了一所著名的法学院。
Questions:
1. — How did Jack know which medication to use to help Bob recover?
— He chose it because it designed to treat the part of the brain that had been injured.
2. — What did the new medication do?
— It helped his brain recover from the injury.
From this experience, Jack realized that the brain imaging had allowed him to save Bob's life.
If it hadn't been for the scans, Bob would have ended up killing himself.
Detecting and treating the injury to the front part of his brain was the key step in his treatment.
Jack now believes that brain scans can be an important tool for psychiatrists.
An injured brain must be healed before other treatments, such as vitamins, drugs or counseling, can work.
译文：从这次经历中，杰克意识到是大脑成像让他挽救了鲍勃的生命。如果不是因为扫描，鲍勃最终会自杀的。发现并治疗他大脑前部的损伤是治疗的关键一步。杰克现在相信脑部扫描对精神病学家来说是一个重要的工具。受伤的大脑必须先被治愈，才能进行其他治疗，如维生素、药物或咨询服务。
Questions:
1. — What was the key step in his treatment?
— Detecting and treating the injury to the front part of his brain was the key step.
2. — From treating Bob, what had Jack realized?
— The brain scans had allowed him to save Bob's life.
Fill in the blanks:
From this experience, Jack realized that the brain imaging had allowed him to save Bob's life. If it hadn't been for the scans, Bob would have ended up killing himself. Detecting and treating the injury to the front part of his brain was the key step in his treatment.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1. He decided to use brain scans because his other treatments weren’t working.
2. If it hadn't been for the scans, Bob would have ended up killing himself.
3. He no longer had any signs of depression and was finally able to return to school.
4. Detecting and treating the injury to the front part of his brain was the key step in his treatment.
5. They knew the treatment wasn’t working because he continued to go through periods of depression.
6. He used brain scans to look inside Bob’s brain to see how it was functioning.
7. The brain scans had allowed him to save Bob's life.