浏览器驱动下载
IE11的Webdriver下载：
http://dl.pconline.com.cn/download/771640-1.html
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/13TTyXGNaG5cpSNdl1k9ksQ 密码：2n9n
Chrome65.0.3325.146的webdriver驱动下载：
多版本：http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html
或 http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/2.43/
Firefox58的webdriver驱动下载
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1RATs8y-9Vige0IxcKdn83w 密码：l41g
一. Selenium使用
1.get(url)：打开URL
def openURL():
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
print(driver.page_source)
- clear() ： 清除数据 Clears the text if it’s a text entry element.
- page_source：获取HTML源码
- close()：关闭
- quit()：全部关闭
- click()：点击，Clicks the element.
- execute_script(script, *args)： 执行脚本
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)")
# 下拉滚动条，使浏览器加载出动态加载的内容
while True:
# 可能像这样要拉很多次，中间要适当的延时。
# 如果说说内容都很长，就增大下拉的长度。
for i in range(10):
driver.execute_script("window.scrollBy(0,1000)")
time.sleep(3)
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)")
break
查找元素
find_element(by='id', value=None)
find_element_by_class_name(name)
Finds element within this element’s children by class name
find_element_by_css_selector(css_selector)
Finds element within this element’s children by CSS selector
find_element_by_id(id_)
Finds element within this element’s children by ID
find_element_by_link_text(link_text)
Finds element within this element’s children by visible link text
find_element_by_name(name)
Finds element within this element’s children by name
find_element_by_tag_name(name)
Finds element within this element’s children by tag name
find_element_by_xpath(xpath)
Finds element by xpath.
myelement.find_element_by_xpath(".//a")
However, this will select the first link on the page.
lements(by='id', value=None)
‘Private’ method used by the find_elements_by_* methods.
find_elements_by_class_name(name)
Finds a list of elements within this element’s children by class name.
find_elements_by_css_selector(css_selector)
Finds a list of elements within this element’s children by CSS selector.
find_elements_by_id(id_)
Finds a list of elements within this element’s children by ID. Will return a list of webelements if found, or an empty list if not.
find_elements_by_link_text(link_text)
Finds a list of elements within this element’s children by visible link text.
find_elements_by_name(name)
Finds a list of elements within this element’s children by name.
find_elements_by_tag_name(name)
Finds a list of elements within this element’s children by tag name.
find_elements_by_xpath(xpath)
Finds elements within the element by xpath.
get_attribute(name)
Gets the given attribute or property of the element.
- 示例:
# Check if the "active" CSS class is applied to an element.
is_active = "active" in target_element.get_attribute("class")
save_screenshot(filename)
Saves a screenshot of the current element to a PNG image file. Returns
send_keys(*value)
Simulates typing into the element.
form_textfield = driver.find_element_by_name('username')
form_textfield.send_keys("admin")
search.send_keys("海贼王", Keys.ARROW_DOWN) # 回车
This can also be used to set file inputs.
file_input = driver.find_element_by_name('profilePic')
file_input.send_keys("path/to/profilepic.gif")
- 示例：selenium登录知乎
import time
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.zhihu.com/')
# 点击登录按钮
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="root"]/div/main/div/div/div/div[2]/div[2]/span').click()
time.sleep(2)
# 输入用户名
username = driver.find_element_by_name("username")
username.send_keys('18588403840')
time.sleep(2)
# 输入密码
password = driver.find_element_by_name("password")
password.send_keys('Changeme_123')
time.sleep(8)
# 登录
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="root"]/div/main/div/div/div/div[2]/div[1]/form/button').click()
# 登录后获取登录后的信息
driver.get('https://www.zhihu.com/people/zuo-zai-fen-tou-diao-xi-gui-82/activities')
print(driver.page_source)
# 可以登录后的获取cookie
# print(driver.get_cookies())
# 新版知乎设置了反爬了， 如果上面的方式无法登录：可以使用第三方登录
# 进入登陆页面
driver.find_element_by_xpath(".//*[@class='SignContainer-switch']/span").click()
# 点击社交网络账号登陆
driver.find_element_by_xpath(".//*[@class='Login-socialLogin']/button").click()
# 点击QQ登陆
driver.find_element_by_xpath(".//*[@class='Login-socialButtonGroup']/button[3]").click()
time.sleep(15) # 时间不够的自己加
driver.refresh() # 15秒后要刷新
# 登录后
# 获取cookie
print(driver.get_cookies())
selenium设置代理
from selenium import webdriver
chromeOptions = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
# 设置代理
# 一定要注意，=两边不能有空格，不能是这样--proxy-server = http://202.20.16.82:10152
chromeOptions.add_argument("--proxy-server=http://10.3.132.6:808")
browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chromeOptions)
# 查看本机ip，查看代理是否起作用
browser.get("https://blog.csdn.net/zwq912318834/article/details/78626739")
print(browser.page_source)
# 退出，清除浏览器缓存
# browser.quit()
二. PhantomJS 无界面浏览器
已停止研发
三. Headless
Headless Chrome是Chrome 浏览器的无界面形态，可以在不打开浏览器的前提下，使用所有 Chrome 支持的特性运行程序。相比于现代浏览器，Headless Chrome 更加方便测试web应用，获得网站的截图，做爬虫抓取信息等，也更加贴近浏览器环境。
Headless Chrome基于PhantomJS（QtWebKit内核）由谷歌Chrome团队开发。团队表示将专注研发这个项目
确保你的 chrome 浏览器版本是 60+.
配置
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--headless") # 使用headless 无界面形态
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu') # 禁用gpu
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)