C# LINQ和Lambda表达式对照

C# LINQ和Lambda表达式对照

1. 基本查询语句

Linq语法:

var data=from a in db.Areas select a ;  

Lamda语法:

var data=db.Areas;  

sql语法:

SELECT * FROM Areas

2. 简单的WHERE语句

Linq语法:

var data=from a in db.orderInfo where a.orderId > 20 select a ;  

Lamda语法:

var data=db.orderInfo.Where( t=>t.orderId > 20 ) ;  

sql语法:

SELECT * FROM orderInfo WHERE orderId > 20

3. 关于“COUNT、SUM、MIN、MAX”函数的语句

Linq语法:

//查询该表中最大编号Id  
var data=( from a in db.orderInfo select a ).Max( p=>p.orderId ) ;

//查询该表中最小编号Id  
var data=( from a in db.orderInfo select a ).Min( p=>p.orderId ) ;

//查询该表数据总条数  
var data=( from a in db.orderInfo select a ).Count() ;

//查询该表中所有消费额的总数(求和)
var data=( from a in db.orderInfo select a ).Sum( p=>p.orderMoney ) ;  

Lamda语法:

//查询该表中最大编号Id  
var data=db.orderInfo.Max( t=>t.orderId );

//查询该表中最小编号Id 
var data=db.orderInfo.Min( t=>t.orderId ); 

//查询该表数据总条数  
var data=db.orderInfo.Count();

//查询该表中所有消费额的总数(求和) 
var data=db.orderInfo.Sum( t=>t.orderMoney);

sql语法:

SELECT MAX(orderId) FROM orderInfo

SELECT MIN(orderId) FROM orderInfo

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orderInfo

SELECT SUM(orderMoney ) FROM orderInfo

4. 关于数据排序的语句

Linq语法:

//倒序排序,升序可用ascending关键字  
var data=from a in db.orderInfo 
    where a.orderId > 20 
    orderby a.orderId descending 
    select a ;

Lamda语法:

//情况一,根据单字段排序:  
//倒序排序,升序可用OrderBy关键字
var data=db.orderInfo.OrderByDescending( t=>t.orderId ).
    Where( t=>t.orderId > 20 ).
    ToList();  

//情况二,根据多字段主次排序:  
//先按年升序,再按月升序  
var priceMonthEntities = priceMonthApp.GetList().
    OrderBy(t => t.F_Year).
    ThenBy(t => t.F_Month).ToList();

sql语法:

//倒序排序,升序可用ASC关键字
SELECT * FROM orderInfo WHERE orderId > 20 ORDER BY orderId DESC   

5. 关于分页查询的语句

Linq语法:

var data=( from a in db.orderInfo select a ).
    Skip((pageIndex-1) * pageSize).
    Take(pageSize).
    ToList();  

Lamda语法:

//pageIndex:当前页码,pageSize:分页数据显示条数  
var data=db.orderInfo.Skip((pageIndex-1)* pageSize).Take(pageSize).ToList();

sql语法:

SELECT TOP pageSize * FROM orderInfo 
WHERE orderId NOT IN(SELECT TOP( ( pageIndex - 1) * pageSize) orderId FROM orderInfo)

6. 关于模糊查询(like)的语句

Linq语法:

//使用Contains关键字进行模糊匹配  
var data= from a in db.orderInfo 
    where a.orderId.Contains(1) 
    select a;

Lamda语法:

//使用Contains关键字进行模糊匹配  
var data=db.orderInfo.Where(t=>t.F_UserId.Contains("1")).ToList();

sql语法:

//使用like关键字进行模糊匹配  
SELECT * FROM orderInfo WHERE orderId LIKE '%12%'

7. 关于分组查询的语句

Linq语法:

var data= from a in db.orderInfo 
    orderby a.orderId descending   
    group a by a.orderType into s select new{  
        s.key,//分组字段  
        s.sMoney=s.Sum(a=>a.orderMoney),//分组后算出总的消费额  
        s.maMoney=s.Max(a=>a.orderMoney),//分组后算出最大的消费额  
        s.miMoney=s.Min(a=>a.orderMoney)//分组后算出最小的消费额  
    };  

Lamda语法:

//使用GroupBy关键字进行分组查询(单个字段)  
var data=db.orderInfo.GroupBy(p => p.recType).
    Select(t=>t.Key).ToList();  

//使用GroupBy关键字进行分组查询(多个字段)  
var data=db.orderInfo.GroupBy(p =>new{ p.recType,p.orderId}).
    Select(t=>new{ 
        recType=t.Key.recType,
        orderId=t.Key.orderId
    }).ToList();  

sql语法:

SELECT orderType , SUM(orderMoney), MAX(orderMoney), MIN(orderMoney) 
FROM orderInfo GROUP BY orderType

8. 关于多表关联查询的语句

Linq语法:

//使用join关键字进行表连接  
var data= from a in db.orderInfo 
    join e in db.orderType on a.orderTypeId equals e.id 
    select r ;   

var query=from t in db.orderInfo 
    join s in db.orderType on t.orderTypeId equals s.id 
    select new {  
        orderId=t.id,  
        orderTypeName=s.name,  
        ...  
    }  

Lamda语法:

var data=db.orderInfo.Join(db.orderType,t=>t.orderTypeId,s=>s.id,(t,s)=>t).
    OrderByDescending(t=>t.orderId).  
    Select(  
    t=> new{  
        orderId=t.t.id,  
        orderTypeName=t.s.name,  
        ...  
    }).ToList(); //使用Join关键字进行表连接  

EF Core中的写法:

var data=db.orderInfo.Join(db.orderType,t=>t.orderTypeId,s=>s.id,(t,s)=>new{  
    orderId=s.Id,  
    .....  
}).toList();  

sql语法:(sql语句表关联有多种方法,在此只举一例)

SELECT * FROM orderInfo o ,orderType t 
WHERE o.orderTypeId=t.id ORDER BY t.createDate

9. 关于in查询的语句

Linq语法:

var data= from a in db.orderInfo 
    where (new int?[2213,43311,32422]).Contains(a.orderId) 
    select a ;   

Lamda语法:

var data=db.orderInfo.Where(t=>(new int?[2213,43311,32422]).Contains(t.orderId)).ToList();  

sql语法:

SELECT * FROM orderInfo WHERE orderId IN (2213,43311,32422)

10. 关于去重查询的语句

Linq语法:

//使用group关键字进行表数据去重  
var data= from a in db.orderInfo 
    group p by new {a.orderTypeId} into _group 
    select _group.FirstOrDefault(); 

//使用group关键字对多个字段进行表数据去重  
var data= from a in db.orderInfo 
    group p by new {a.orderTypeId,...} into _group 
    select _group.FirstOrDefault(); 

Lamda语法:

//单个去重:  
// 使用GroupBy关键字进行表数据去重  
var data=db.orderInfo.GroupBy(t=>t.orderTypeId).Select(r => r.First()).ToList(); 

// 使用DistinctBy关键字进行表数据去重  
var data=db.orderInfo.DistinctBy(t=>t.orderTypeId).ToList(); 

//多个字段去重:  
// 使用GroupBy关键字对多个字段进行表数据去重  
var data=db.orderInfo.GroupBy(t=>new{t.orderTypeId,...}).Select(r => r.First()).ToList(); 

// 使用DistinctBy关键字对多个字段进行表数据去重  
var data=db.orderInfo.DistinctBy(t=>new{t.orderTypeId,...}).ToList(); 

sql语法:

-- 使用DISTINCT关键字进行表数据去重  
SELECT DISTINCT orderTypeId  FROM orderInfo

-- 使用GROUP BY关键字进行表数据去重 
SELECT orderTypeId FROM orderInfo GROUP BY orderTypeId

11. 内连接 INNER JOIN

Linq语法:

var ss = from r in db.Am_recProScheme  
         join w in db.Am_Test_Result on r.rpId equals w.rsId  
         orderby r.rpId descending  
         select r;  

Lamda语法:

var ss1 = db.Am_recProScheme.
    Join(db.Am_Test_Result, p => p.rpId, r => r.rsId, (p, r) => p).
    OrderByDescending(p => p.rpId).ToList();  

sql语法:

SELECT r.* FROM Am_recProScheme AS r INNER JOIN Am_Test_Result AS t ON r.[rpId] = t.[rsId] ORDER BY r.[rpId] DESC 

12. 左连接 LEFT JOIN

要求:两个DataTable关联,查找只在第一个表中的数据

DataTable dt1 = new DataTable("Ta");  
DataTable dt2 = new DataTable("Tb");  
dt1.Columns.Add("ID", typeof(int));  
dt1.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));  
dt1.Rows.Add(1, "小明");  
dt1.Rows.Add(2, "小红");  
dt1.Rows.Add(3, "小黑");  
dt2.Columns.Add("ID", typeof(int));  
dt2.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));  
dt2.Rows.Add(1, "小黄");  
dt2.Rows.Add(2, "小红");  
dt2.Rows.Add(3, "小强");  

Linq语法:

var query = from q1 in dt1.AsEnumerable()  
    join q2 in dt2.AsEnumerable()  
    on q1.Field<string>("Name") equals q2.Field<string>("Name") into tmp  
    from q3 in tmp.DefaultIfEmpty()  
    where q3 == null  
    select new {  
        ID = q1.Field<int>("ID"),  
        Name = q1.Field<string>("Name")  
    };  

Lamda语法 :

var query = dt1.AsEnumerable().GroupJoin(  
        dt2.AsEnumerable(),  
        x => x.Field<string>("Name"),  
        y => y.Field<string>("Name"),  
        (x, y) => y.DefaultIfEmpty(). Where(w => w == null).  
        Select(z => new { ID = x.Field<int>("ID"), Name = x.Field<string>("Name") })  
        ).SelectMany(x => x);  
    foreach (var item in query)  
    {  
        Console.WriteLine($"ID={item.ID}    Name={item.Name}");  
    }  

13. 三表连接

sql 语法:

SELECT id, name, jname, cname     
        FROM userinfo u     
        LEFT JOIN job j on u.job = j.jid     
        LEFT JOIN city c on u.city = c.cid    

Linq语法:

var list = (    
    from u in dc.userinfos    
        join j in dc.jobs on u.job equals j.jid into j_join    
    from x in j_join.DefaultIfEmpty()    
        join c in dc.cities on u.city equals c.cid into c_join    
    from v in c_join.DefaultIfEmpty()    
    select new    
    {    
        id = u.id,    
        name = u.name,    
        jname = x.jname,    
        cname = v.cname,    
        /*u1=u,x1=x,v1=v*/    
        //不要用对象的方式 因为对象可能为null那么对象.属性就会抛异常    
    }    
).ToList();    

for (var i = 0; i < list.Count(); i++)    
{    
    Console.WriteLine(list[i].name + '\t' + list[i].jname + '\t' + list[i].cname); //字段为null不报异常    
    //Console.WriteLine(list[i].u1.name+'\t'+list[i].x1.jname+'\t'+list[i].v1.cname+"\r\n"); //对象x1 v1 有可能为null 抛异常    
}    
Console.ReadLine();  

14. 实例用法:

//数据库 + 自定义名称 =new 数据库  
mydbDataContext con = new mydbDataContext();  

//模糊查询表达式中用.Contains  
con.car.Where(r=>r.name.Contains(TextBox1.Text.Trim())).ToList(;  

//开头查用.StartWith  
con.car.Where(r => r.name.StartsWith(TextBox1.Text)).ToList();  

//结尾查用.EndWith  
con.car.Where(r => r.name.EndsWith(TextBox1.Text)).ToList();  

//最大值  
con.car.Max(r => r.price * r.oil).ToString();  

//最小值  
con.car.Min(r => r.price).ToString();  

//求和  
con.car.Sum(r => r.price).ToString();  

//平均值  
con.car.Average(r => r.price).ToString();  

//升序:  
con.car.OrderBy(r => r.price).ToList();  

//降序:  
con.car.OrderByDescending(r => r.price).ToList();  
  
//上一页,下一页,组合查询:  
int PageCount = 5;//每页显示条数  

//上一页,PageCount_Label.Text为当前页码  
int pageNum = Convert.ToInt32(PageCount_Label.Text) - 1;  
Repeater1.DataSource = con.car.Skip((pageNum - 1) * PageCount).Take(PageCount);  
Repeater1.DataBind();   
PageCount_Label.Text = pageNum.ToString();  

//下一页  
int pageNum = Convert.ToInt32(PageCount_Label.Text) + 1;  
Repeater1.DataSource = con.car.Skip((pageNum - 1) * PageCount).Take(PageCount);  
Repeater1.DataBind();  
PageCount_Label.Text = pageNum.ToString();  

//组合查询的点击事件  
List<car> list = con.car.ToList();  
if (TextBox2.Text != "")  
{  
    List<car> list1 = con.car.Where(r => r.name.Contains(TextBox2.Text)).ToList();  
    list = list.Intersect(list1).ToList();  
}  
if (TextBox3.Text != "")  
{  
    List<car> list1 = con.car.Where(r => r.oil == Convert.ToDecimal(TextBox3.Text)).ToList();  
    list = list.Intersect(list1).ToList();  
}  
if (TextBox4.Text != "")  
{  
    List<car> list1 = con.car.Where(r => r.powers == Convert.ToInt32(TextBox4.Text)).ToList();  
    list = list.Intersect(list1).ToList();  
}  
Repeater1.DataSource = list;  
Repeater1.DataBind();

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