摘自官方文档:
/// A type that can convert itself into and out of an external representation.
///
/// `Codable` is a type alias for the `Encodable` and `Decodable` protocols.
/// When you use `Codable` as a type or a generic constraint, it matches
/// any type that conforms to both protocols.
public typealias Codable = Decodable & Encodable
对象进行jsonEncode和jsonDecode
一个对象如果需要被编码/解码的话,该对象所属的类需要遵循 Decodable & Encodable
协议。
以 Player
这类为例,Player遵循了 Decodable
和Encodable
import Foundation
struct Player: Codable {
var name: String
var highScore: Int = 0
var history: [Int] = []
enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
case name = "Name"
case highScore = "HighScore"
case history = "History"
}
init(_ name: String) {
self.name = name
}
}
//Codable, Equatable
extension Player {
mutating func updateScore(_ newScore: Int) {
history.append(newScore)
if highScore < newScore {
print("\(newScore)! A new high score for \(name)! ")
highScore = newScore
}
}
}
初始化一个Player对象,并对其进行编码和解码,看看编码和解码之后的数据
var jsonData: Data?
// MARK: encode(编码)
// Player对象
var player = Player("Tomas")
// 设置歌手分数
player.updateScore(50)
// 初始化一个encoder对象
let encoder = JSONEncoder()
do {
// 将player对象encod(编码)
let data: Data = try encoder.encode(player)
// 打印
print(data)
print(String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8) as Any)
print(player)
jsonData = data
} catch {
}
// MARK: decode(解码)
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
do {
// 解码得到player对象
let player: Player = try decoder.decode(Player.self, from: jsonData!)
// 打印
print(player)
print(player.name)
} catch {
}
一个对象被jsonEncode后,对象将被转成 Data 类型的数据。
再将对象的 Data 数据通过jsonDecode,可以还原原来的对象。
通过对对象的json编码和解码,有助于我们理解数据在计算机中的存储。Data 其本质就是二进制流。
JSON字符串转模型
这是一个字符串
let jsonString: String = """
{
"name" : "Tomas",
"highScore" : 50,
"history" : [30, 40, 50]
}
"""
如何将其解析成player
对象?
// 将JSON字符串转成 Data
let jsonData: Data = jsonString.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8)!
// 将 data 转成对象
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
do {
// 解码得到player对象
let player: Player = try decoder.decode(Player.self, from: jsonData)
// 打印
print(player)
print(player.name)
} catch {
}
这种情况多用于客户端向服务端发送HTTP请求之后,解析返回数据,如果后台返回的是标准的JSON字符串的话直接这样解析就可以了。
JSONSerialization
Serialization
是序列化的意思,JSONSerialization
顾名思义是对JSON进行序列化。
JSONSerialization
是对 JSON 字符串进行序列化和反序列化的工具类。用这个类可以将JSON转成对象,也可以将对象转成JSON。
- objc 转 json
let dict: [String: Any] = ["name" : "Tomas",
"highScore" : 50,
"history" : [30, 40, 50]
]
if JSONSerialization.isValidJSONObject(dict) == false {
return
}
// 将objc转成data
let data: Data = try! JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: dict, options: .fragmentsAllowed)
// 将data转成字符串输出
let string = String(data:data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
print(string as Any)
打印结果:
Optional("{\"history\":[30,40,50],\"name\":\"Tomas\",\"highScore\":50}")
这是一个标准的,带转义的JSON字符串。也就是说我们将字典转成了JSON字符串。
- json 转 objc
let jsonString = "{\"history\":[30,40,50],\"name\":\"Tomas\",\"highScore\":50}"
let data = jsonString.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8)
let dict = try! JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data!, options: .allowFragments)
print(dict)
打印结果:
{
highScore = 50;
history = (
30,
40,
50
);
name = Tomas;
}
参考
[1] JSONEncoder文档:https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/jsonencoder/
[2] JSONDecoder文档:https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/jsondecoder
[3] JSONSerialization文档:https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/jsonserialization