【Linux】Ubuntu安装Nginx（在线安装&源码编译安装）
1.安装环境
ubuntu 20.04，nginx1.18.0
2.安装方式
2.1 apt安装
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx
1）查看版本
nginx -v
# 版本
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)
2）查看安装版本及详情
nginx -V
#版本及安装详情
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)
built with OpenSSL 1.1.1f 31 Mar 2020
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --with-cc-opt='-g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/nginx-lUTckl/nginx-1.18.0=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fPIC' --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --modules-path=/usr/lib/nginx/modules --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi --with-debug --with-compat --with-pcre-jit --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_slice_module --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module
可以发现，使用在线安装方式，为我们指定了一些安装参数，例如：--prefix=/usr/share/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，并为我们安装了一些module，例如：--with-http_ssl_module，这就是我们服务器部署常用的https模块。
2.2 源码编译安装
1）删除nginx
由于通过apt方式安装了nginx，因此需要先将其卸载掉。加上--purge删除已安装的软件包，并删除配置文件。
sudo apt --purge remove nginx
2）删除相关依赖
虽然在第一步删除nginx时，会提示使用sudo apt autoremove，注意：使用该命令会出现一些无法预知的错误，切记。
sudo apt --purge remove fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core libfontconfig1 libgd3 libjbig0 libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream libtiff5 libwebp6 libxpm4 nginx-common nginx-core
2.2.1 下载源码
下载地址：nginx: download
2.2.2 安装
1）解压缩
tar zxvf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
2）安装编译相关模块
sudo apt install gcc
sudo apt install make
3）设置配置
cd /home/stone/nginx-1.18.0
sudo ./configure --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid
会提示报错需要pcre，zlib模块
4）安装相关依赖
sudo apt install libpcre3-dev
sudo apt install zlib1g-dev
5）编译&安装
sudo make
sudo make install
6）启动
cd /usr/local/nginx
sudo ./nginx
7）查看进程
ps -ef|grep nginx
root 39949 1 0 12:54 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody 39950 39949 0 12:54 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
8）查看默认安装模块
我们先使用nginx -V查看，发现其只返回了我们配置的参数，并不像apt安装方式时，会返回安装了哪些模块。
cd /usr/local/nginx
./nginx -V
# 输出结果
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
built by gcc 9.4.0 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1)
configure arguments: --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid
这时，我们需要去编译的文件夹去找，可以看到编译安装的方式，安装的模块比apt安装方式时还要多。
cd /home/stone/nginx-1.18.0/auto
cat options | grep "YES"
# 输出结果
HTTP=YES
HTTP_CACHE=YES
HTTP_CHARSET=YES
HTTP_GZIP=YES
HTTP_SSI=YES
HTTP_ACCESS=YES
HTTP_AUTH_BASIC=YES
HTTP_MIRROR=YES
HTTP_USERID=YES
HTTP_AUTOINDEX=YES
HTTP_GEO=YES
HTTP_MAP=YES
HTTP_SPLIT_CLIENTS=YES
HTTP_REFERER=YES
HTTP_REWRITE=YES
HTTP_PROXY=YES
HTTP_FASTCGI=YES
HTTP_UWSGI=YES
HTTP_SCGI=YES
HTTP_GRPC=YES
HTTP_MEMCACHED=YES
HTTP_LIMIT_CONN=YES
HTTP_LIMIT_REQ=YES
HTTP_EMPTY_GIF=YES
HTTP_BROWSER=YES
HTTP_UPSTREAM_HASH=YES
HTTP_UPSTREAM_IP_HASH=YES
HTTP_UPSTREAM_LEAST_CONN=YES
HTTP_UPSTREAM_RANDOM=YES
HTTP_UPSTREAM_KEEPALIVE=YES
HTTP_UPSTREAM_ZONE=YES
MAIL_POP3=YES
MAIL_IMAP=YES
MAIL_SMTP=YES
STREAM_LIMIT_CONN=YES
STREAM_ACCESS=YES
STREAM_GEO=YES
STREAM_MAP=YES
STREAM_SPLIT_CLIENTS=YES
STREAM_RETURN=YES
STREAM_UPSTREAM_HASH=YES
STREAM_UPSTREAM_LEAST_CONN=YES
STREAM_UPSTREAM_RANDOM=YES
STREAM_UPSTREAM_ZONE=YES
--with-select_module) EVENT_SELECT=YES ;;
--with-poll_module) EVENT_POLL=YES ;;
--with-threads) USE_THREADS=YES ;;
--with-file-aio) NGX_FILE_AIO=YES ;;
--with-http_ssl_module) HTTP_SSL=YES ;;
--with-http_v2_module) HTTP_V2=YES ;;
--with-http_realip_module) HTTP_REALIP=YES ;;
--with-http_addition_module) HTTP_ADDITION=YES ;;
--with-http_xslt_module) HTTP_XSLT=YES ;;
--with-http_image_filter_module) HTTP_IMAGE_FILTER=YES ;;
--with-http_geoip_module) HTTP_GEOIP=YES ;;
--with-http_sub_module) HTTP_SUB=YES ;;
--with-http_dav_module) HTTP_DAV=YES ;;
--with-http_flv_module) HTTP_FLV=YES ;;
--with-http_mp4_module) HTTP_MP4=YES ;;
--with-http_gunzip_module) HTTP_GUNZIP=YES ;;
--with-http_gzip_static_module) HTTP_GZIP_STATIC=YES ;;
--with-http_auth_request_module) HTTP_AUTH_REQUEST=YES ;;
--with-http_random_index_module) HTTP_RANDOM_INDEX=YES ;;
--with-http_secure_link_module) HTTP_SECURE_LINK=YES ;;
--with-http_degradation_module) HTTP_DEGRADATION=YES ;;
--with-http_slice_module) HTTP_SLICE=YES ;;
--with-http_perl_module) HTTP_PERL=YES ;;
--with-http_stub_status_module) HTTP_STUB_STATUS=YES ;;
--with-mail) MAIL=YES ;;
--with-mail_ssl_module) MAIL_SSL=YES ;;
MAIL=YES
MAIL_SSL=YES
--with-stream) STREAM=YES ;;
--with-stream_ssl_module) STREAM_SSL=YES ;;
--with-stream_realip_module) STREAM_REALIP=YES ;;
--with-stream_geoip_module) STREAM_GEOIP=YES ;;
STREAM_SSL_PREREAD=YES ;;
--with-google_perftools_module) NGX_GOOGLE_PERFTOOLS=YES ;;
--with-cpp_test_module) NGX_CPP_TEST=YES ;;
--with-compat) NGX_COMPAT=YES ;;
--with-debug) NGX_DEBUG=YES ;;
--with-pcre) USE_PCRE=YES ;;
--with-pcre-jit) PCRE_JIT=YES ;;
--with-libatomic) NGX_LIBATOMIC=YES ;;
--test-build-devpoll) NGX_TEST_BUILD_DEVPOLL=YES ;;
--test-build-eventport) NGX_TEST_BUILD_EVENTPORT=YES ;;
--test-build-epoll) NGX_TEST_BUILD_EPOLL=YES ;;
--test-build-solaris-sendfilev) NGX_TEST_BUILD_SOLARIS_SENDFILEV=YES ;;