创建主题时,可以指定 writeQueueNums(写队列的个数)、readQueueNums(读队列的个数)。生产者发送消息时,使用写队列的个数返回路由信息;消费者消费消息时,使用读队列的个数返回路由信息。在物理文件层面,只有写队列才会创建文件。默认读、写队列的个数都是 16。
比如写队列的个数是 16,则创建 16 个文件夹,代表 0 - 15;读队列的个数是 8,则只会消费 0 - 7 这 8 个队列中的消息。
要求 readQueueNums >= writeQueueNums,最佳方案是两者相等。RocketMQ 设置读、写队列的目的是方便队列的扩容、缩容。
比如在原来指定读、写队列都是 16 的基础上进行扩容到 8 个。在不需要重启应用程序的情况下,先缩容写队列,由 0 - 15 缩容至 0 - 7。等到 8 - 15 队列中的消息全部消费完之后,再缩容读队列,由 0 - 15 缩容至 0 - 7。
方式一、指定 queueId 来选择具体的队列
DefaultMQProducer 的 send / sendOneway 方法中可携带 MessageQueue 参数。而 MessageQueue 可以指定 topic、queueId、brokerName 三个参数。
public MessageQueue(String topic, String brokerName, int queueId) {
this.topic = topic;
this.brokerName = brokerName;
this.queueId = queueId;
}
方式二、根据 MessageQueueSelector 策略来选择队列
DefaultMQProducer 的 send / sendOneway 方法中可携带 MessageQueueSelector 参数。
public SendResult send(Message msg, MessageQueueSelector selector, Object arg);
public void send(Message msg, MessageQueueSelector selector, Object arg, SendCallback sendCallback);
RocketMQ 内部定义了三种 MessageQueueSelector 策略。
public class SelectMessageQueueByHash implements MessageQueueSelector {
@Override
public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) {
// 取arg方法参数的哈希值,再对队列总数取模
int value = arg.hashCode() % mqs.size();
if (value < 0) {
value = Math.abs(value);
}
// 选择对应的队列
return mqs.get(value);
}
}
public class SelectMessageQueueByRandom implements MessageQueueSelector {
private Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
@Override
public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) {
// 基于队列总数生成一个随机数
int value = random.nextInt(mqs.size());
// 选择对应的队列
return mqs.get(value);
}
}
方式三、基于Broker的可用性采取轮询的策略选择队列
DefaultMQProducer 的 send / sendOneway 方法可以不携带 MessageQueue、MessageQueueSelector,简单看下这种方式的队列是如何选择。
这种方式下的 send / sendOneway 方法中内部会调用如下方法:
MessageQueue mqSelected = this.selectOneMessageQueue(topicPublishInfo, lastBrokerName);
进入方法内部,看一下处理逻辑。
public MessageQueue selectOneMessageQueue(final TopicPublishInfo tpInfo, final String lastBrokerName) {
return this.mqFaultStrategy.selectOneMessageQueue(tpInfo, lastBrokerName);
}
MQFaultStrategy
public MessageQueue selectOneMessageQueue(final TopicPublishInfo tpInfo, final String lastBrokerName) {
// 如果开启了发送延迟规避机制,默认false
if (this.sendLatencyFaultEnable) {
try {
int index = tpInfo.getSendWhichQueue().incrementAndGet();
for (int i = 0; i < tpInfo.getMessageQueueList().size(); i++) {
int pos = Math.abs(index++) % tpInfo.getMessageQueueList().size();
if (pos < 0)
pos = 0;
// 获取指定下标的队列
MessageQueue mq = tpInfo.getMessageQueueList().get(pos);
// 如果队列对应的Broker判定为可用,则返回该队列;否则基于轮询的策略选择下一个队列重复上述步骤进行判断
if (latencyFaultTolerance.isAvailable(mq.getBrokerName()))
return mq;
}
final String notBestBroker = latencyFaultTolerance.pickOneAtLeast();
// 根据BrokerName获取存储的写队列的总数
int writeQueueNums = tpInfo.getQueueIdByBroker(notBestBroker);
if (writeQueueNums > 0) {
final MessageQueue mq = tpInfo.selectOneMessageQueue();
if (notBestBroker != null) {
mq.setBrokerName(notBestBroker);
mq.setQueueId(tpInfo.getSendWhichQueue().incrementAndGet() % writeQueueNums);
}
return mq;
} else {
latencyFaultTolerance.remove(notBestBroker);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Error occurred when selecting message queue", e);
}
return tpInfo.selectOneMessageQueue();
}
return tpInfo.selectOneMessageQueue(lastBrokerName);
}
LatencyFaultToleranceImpl
@Override
public boolean isAvailable(final String name) {
// 从缓存中获取指定brokerName对应的FaultItem实例
final FaultItem faultItem = this.faultItemTable.get(name);
// 如果缓存命中
if (faultItem != null) {
// 判断是否可用,即当前时间-startTimestamp是否>=0
return faultItem.isAvailable();
}
return true;
}
@Override
public String pickOneAtLeast() {
final Enumeration<FaultItem> elements = this.faultItemTable.elements();
List<FaultItem> tmpList = new LinkedList<FaultItem>();
while (elements.hasMoreElements()) {
final FaultItem faultItem = elements.nextElement();
tmpList.add(faultItem);
}
if (!tmpList.isEmpty()) {
Collections.sort(tmpList);
final int half = tmpList.size() / 2;
if (half <= 0) {
return tmpList.get(0).getName();
} else {
final int i = this.whichItemWorst.incrementAndGet() % half;
return tmpList.get(i).getName();
}
}
return null;
}
@Override
public void remove(final String name) {
this.faultItemTable.remove(name);
}
TopicPublishInfo
public MessageQueue selectOneMessageQueue(final String lastBrokerName) {
if (lastBrokerName == null) {
return selectOneMessageQueue();
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < this.messageQueueList.size(); i++) {
int index = this.sendWhichQueue.incrementAndGet();
int pos = Math.abs(index) % this.messageQueueList.size();
if (pos < 0)
pos = 0;
MessageQueue mq = this.messageQueueList.get(pos);
if (!mq.getBrokerName().equals(lastBrokerName)) {
return mq;
}
}
return selectOneMessageQueue();
}
}
public MessageQueue selectOneMessageQueue() {
int index = this.sendWhichQueue.incrementAndGet();
int pos = Math.abs(index) % this.messageQueueList.size();
if (pos < 0)
pos = 0;
return this.messageQueueList.get(pos);
}
额外分析一下 DefaultMQProducerImpl 的 updateFaultItem 方法。
public void updateFaultItem(final String brokerName, final long currentLatency, boolean isolation) {
this.mqFaultStrategy.updateFaultItem(brokerName, currentLatency, isolation);
}
接着看下 MQFaultStrategy 的 updateFaultItem 方法。
private long[] latencyMax = {50L, 100L, 550L, 1000L, 2000L, 3000L, 15000L};
private long[] notAvailableDuration = {0L, 0L, 30000L, 60000L, 120000L, 180000L, 600000L};
public void updateFaultItem(final String brokerName, final long currentLatency, boolean isolation) {
// 如果开启了发送延迟规避机制
if (this.sendLatencyFaultEnable) {
// 根据延迟时间计算不可用的时间
long duration = computeNotAvailableDuration(isolation ? 30000 : currentLatency);
// 更新faultItemTable缓存
this.latencyFaultTolerance.updateFaultItem(brokerName, currentLatency, duration);
}
}
private long computeNotAvailableDuration(final long currentLatency) {
for (int i = latencyMax.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
// 根据延迟时间计算不可用的时间
if (currentLatency >= latencyMax[i])
return this.notAvailableDuration[i];
}
return 0;
}
接着分析 LatencyFaultToleranceImpl 的 updateFaultItem 方法的处理逻辑。
@Override
public void updateFaultItem(final String name, final long currentLatency, final long notAvailableDuration) {
// 从缓存中获取指定BrokerName对应的FaultItem实例
FaultItem old = this.faultItemTable.get(name);
// 如果缓存未命中
if (null == old) {
// 构造 FaultItem 实例
final FaultItem faultItem = new FaultItem(name);
// 更新 currentLatecy、startTimestamp 属性
faultItem.setCurrentLatency(currentLatency);
faultItem.setStartTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis() + notAvailableDuration);
// 更新缓存
old = this.faultItemTable.putIfAbsent(name, faultItem);
if (old != null) {
// 更新 currentLatecy、startTimestamp 属性
old.setCurrentLatency(currentLatency);
old.setStartTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis() + notAvailableDuration);
}
// 如果缓存命中
} else {
// 更新 currentLatecy、startTimestamp 属性
old.setCurrentLatency(currentLatency);
old.setStartTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis() + notAvailableDuration);
}
}