数据对接安全性之AES与RAS结合加解密方案

前言

为了保障数据对接的安全性，我们采用AES与RAS结合加解密的方案。

方案

【服务方】生成一对 RSA 秘钥，自己保留私钥，将公钥由互联网交给【合作方】

【合作方】使用 AES 秘钥对要传送的报文数据（明文） Data 进行加密，生成密文 EncryData

【合作方】使用 RSA 公钥对AES秘钥加密，生成 EncryKey

【合作方】将加密后的 AES 秘钥 EncryKey 和加密后的报文 EncryData 通过网络传输给服务器端

【服务方】通过网络拿到上述步骤中的 EncryKey 和 EncryData

【服务方】用 RSA 私钥对 EncryKey （加密的 AES 秘钥）进行解密操作，得到 AesKey

【服务方】用 AesKey 解密传入过来的加密报文 EncryData，得到报文数据（明文） Data

代码

RSAUtils

import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
 
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
 
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
 
public class RSAUtils {
 
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RSAUtils.class);
    public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
    public static final String CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding";
    public static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "publicKey";
    public static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "privateKey";
    public static final int KEY_SIZE = 1024;
    public static final String PLAIN_TEXT = "Hello world!";
    public static final String DEFAULT_PRIVATE_KEY = "**********";
    public static final String DEFAULT_PUBLIC_KEY = "**********";
 
    /**
     * 获取公钥
     * @param publicKeyStr
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static PublicKey loadPublicKey(String publicKeyStr) throws Exception {
        try {
            BASE64Decoder base64Decoder = new BASE64Decoder();
            byte[] buffer = base64Decoder.decodeBuffer(publicKeyStr);
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
            X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(buffer);
            RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
            return restorePublicKey(publicKey.getEncoded());
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            throw new Exception("无此算法");
        } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
            throw new Exception("公钥非法");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new Exception("公钥数据内容读取错误");
        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
            throw new Exception("公钥数据为空");
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 还原公钥，X509EncodedKeySpec 用于构建公钥的规范
     * @param keyBytes
     * @return
     */
    public static PublicKey restorePublicKey(byte[] keyBytes) throws Exception {
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        try {
            KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
            PublicKey publicKey = factory.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);
            return publicKey;
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeySpecException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            throw new Exception("");
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 通过私钥KEY获取解密私钥
     * @param privateKeyStr
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static PrivateKey loadPrivateKey(String privateKeyStr) throws Exception {
        try {
            BASE64Decoder base64Decoder = new BASE64Decoder();
            byte[] buffer = base64Decoder.decodeBuffer(privateKeyStr);
            PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(buffer);
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
            PrivateKey privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
            return restorePrivateKey(privateKey.getEncoded());
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            throw new Exception("无此算法");
        } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
            throw new Exception("公钥非法");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new Exception("公钥数据内容读取错误");
        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
            throw new Exception("公钥数据为空");
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 获取私钥
     * @param keyBytes
     * @return
     */
    public static PrivateKey restorePrivateKey(byte[] keyBytes) {
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8EncodedKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        try {
            KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
            PrivateKey privateKey = factory.generatePrivate(pkcs8EncodedKeySpec);
            return privateKey;
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeySpecException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            LOGGER.error("获取私钥失败", e);
        }
        return null;
    }
 
    /**
     * 加密，三步走
     * @param key
     * @param plainText
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] RSAEncode(PublicKey key, byte[] plainText) {
        try {
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
            return cipher.doFinal(plainText);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException | InvalidKeyException | IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            LOGGER.error("加密失败", e);
        }
        return null;
    }
 
    /**
     * 解密，三步走
     * @param key
     * @param encodedText
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] RSADecode(PrivateKey key, byte[] encodedText) {
        try {
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
            return cipher.doFinal(encodedText);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException | InvalidKeyException | IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            LOGGER.error("解密失败", e);
        }
        return null;
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] ar) throws Exception {
        String str = "{\"a\":\"hello\"}";
        System.out.println("待加密报文：" + str);
        PublicKey publicKey = loadPublicKey(DEFAULT_PUBLIC_KEY);
        PrivateKey privateKey = loadPrivateKey(DEFAULT_PRIVATE_KEY);
//        String encodeStr = Base64.encodeBase64String(RSAEncode(publicKey, str.getBytes()));
//        System.out.println("加密后密文:" + encodeStr);
//        String decodeStr = new String(RSADecode(privateKey, Base64.decodeBase64(encodeStr)));
//        System.out.println("解密后密文:" + decodeStr);
 
        String randomKey = String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis());
        System.out.println("随机KEY randomKey:"+randomKey);

        String cipherText = AESUtils.encrypt(str,randomKey);
        System.out.println("AES加密请求内容cipherText:"+cipherText);
 
        String cipherKey = Base64.encodeBase64String(RSAEncode(publicKey, randomKey.getBytes()));
        System.out.println("RSA加密后的key:"+cipherKey);
 
        System.out.println("请求内容:{\"encryptStr\":\"" + cipherText+"\",\"aesKey\":\""+cipherKey+"\"}");
 
        String key = new String(RSADecode(privateKey, Base64.decodeBase64(cipherKey)));
        System.out.println("RSA私钥解密后的key:"+key);
 
        String decodeData = AESUtils.decrypt(cipherText,key);
        System.out.println("AES解密后:"+decodeData);
    }
}

AESUtils

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;

public class AESUtils{
 
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AESUtils.class);
    private static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "AES";
    private static final String DEFAULT_CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding";//默认的加密算法
 
    /**
     * AES 加密操作
     * @param content 待加密内容
     * @param password 加密密码
     * @return 返回Base64转码后的加密数据
     */
    public static String encrypt(String content, String password) {
        try {
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(DEFAULT_CIPHER_ALGORITHM);// 创建密码器
            byte[] byteContent = content.getBytes("utf-8");
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, getSecretKey(password));// 初始化为加密模式的密码器
            byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(byteContent);// 加密
            return Base64.encodeBase64String(result);//通过Base64转码返回
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            LOGGER.error("加密失败",ex);
        }
        return null;
    }
 
    /**
     * AES 解密操作
     * @param content
     * @param password
     * @return
     */
    public static String decrypt(String content, String password) {
        try {
            //实例化
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(DEFAULT_CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
            //使用密钥初始化，设置为解密模式
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, getSecretKey(password));
            //执行操作
            byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(content));
            return new String(result, "utf-8");
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            LOGGER.error("解密失败",ex);
        }
        return null;
    }
 
    /**
     * 生成加密秘钥
     * @return
     */
    private static SecretKeySpec getSecretKey(final String password) {
        //返回生成指定算法密钥生成器的 KeyGenerator 对象
        KeyGenerator kg = null;
        try {
            kg = KeyGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
            //AES 要求密钥长度为 128
            kg.init(128, new SecureRandom(password.getBytes()));
            //生成一个密钥
            SecretKey secretKey = kg.generateKey();
            return new SecretKeySpec(secretKey.getEncoded(), KEY_ALGORITHM);// 转换为AES专用密钥
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
            LOGGER.error("生成密钥失败",ex);
        }
        return null;
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s = "hello";
        System.out.println("s:" + s);
 
        String s1 = AESUtils.encrypt(s, "1234");
        System.out.println("s1:" + s1);
    }
}