Retrofit源码解读

1 简介

提供给使用者的接口类:Retrofit

Retrofit用注解的方式为HTTP接口适配了带有回调的java接口,通过这些java接口可以实现HTTP请求。

本文Retrofit版本:2.6.0

2 Retrofit组成:

image

2.1 Builder: Retrofit构建器(Builder模式)

作用:在保证Retrofit有默认组件的情况下,方便使用者自定义相关Retrofit组件。

小细节Platform:
Builder也可以配置Platform,默认情况下,Bulder会自动获取对应的平台。

  private static Platform findPlatform() {
    try {
      Class.forName("android.os.Build");
      if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT != 0) {
        return new Android();
      }
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) {
    }
    try {
      Class.forName("java.util.Optional");
      return new Java8();
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) {
    }
    return new Platform();
  }

可以看到有三个平台,Android(继承Platform),Java8(继承Platform)和Platform自己。

下面再看三个平台区别:

2.1.1 Platform

Platform平台应该是用来支持java8版本之下的java平台。

class Platform {
    ...
    // 平台无回调执行器,应该在哪里创建的,就在哪里回调
  Executor defaultCallbackExecutor() {
    return null;
  }
  // 平台默认的回调适配器工厂列表为new DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor)
  List defaultCallAdapterFactories(
      @Nullable Executor callbackExecutor) {
    return singletonList(new DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));
  }
  // 默认回调适配器工厂数量为1
    int defaultCallAdapterFactoriesSize() {
    return 1;
  }
  // 默认的转换器工厂列表为空列表
    List defaultConverterFactories() {
    return emptyList();
  }
  // 是否是默认方法
    boolean isDefaultMethod(Method method) {
    return false;
  }
  // 调用指定类默认的方法会抛异常,即不支持调用非默认方法
 @Nullable Object invokeDefaultMethod(Method method, Class declaringClass, Object object,
      @Nullable Object... args) throws Throwable {
    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
  }
    ...
    
}
  • isDefaultMethod()返回false,表示传入的Method都告知不是默认方法(默认方法是一种公共的非抽象实例方法,即带有主体的非静态方法,在接口中声明)
  • invokeDefaultMethod返回异常,表示调用非默认方法不支持

2.1.2 Android

static class Android extends Platform {
    // 平台默认的回调执行器 可以看出默认的回调线程是UI线程,所以使用者不用在回调里做线程切换
    @Override public Executor defaultCallbackExecutor() {
      return new MainThreadExecutor();
    }
    // 是否是默认方法
    @Override boolean isDefaultMethod(Method method) {
    // 如果安卓构建版本小于24(安卓7.0),则直接返回是非默认方法,否则正常返回method.isDefault()
      if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 24) {
        return false;
      }
      return method.isDefault();
    }
    //回调执行器必须不为空,回调适配器工厂列表版本小于Android7返回new DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor)单独组成的不可变list,否则返回CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE和DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor)组成的不可变list
    @Override List defaultCallAdapterFactories(
        @Nullable Executor callbackExecutor) {
      if (callbackExecutor == null) throw new AssertionError();
      DefaultCallAdapterFactory executorFactory = new DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor);
      // CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory是支持CompletableFutureCall,是java8特性
      return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24
        ? asList(CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE, executorFactory)
        : singletonList(executorFactory);
    }
    // 默认的回调适配器工程个数,和defaultCallAdapterFactories对应
    @Override int defaultCallAdapterFactoriesSize() {
      return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24 ? 2 : 1;
    }
    // 默认的转换器工厂
    @Override List defaultConverterFactories() {
    // 如果平台支持java8,则让Converter支持java8操作符
      return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24
          ? singletonList(OptionalConverterFactory.INSTANCE)
          : Collections.emptyList();
    }
    // 默认转换器工厂个数
    @Override int defaultConverterFactoriesSize() {
      return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24 ? 1 : 0;
    }

    //安卓平台的主线程执行器
    static class MainThreadExecutor implements Executor {
      private final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());

      @Override public void execute(Runnable r) {
        handler.post(r);
      }
    }
  }

Android有默认的MainThreadExecutor,就是Android主线程任务执行器,默认的CallAdapter.Factory任务回调适配器工厂。

从这里就可以看出Android平台上,Retrofit执行任务默认是在主线程。

2.1.3 java8

  static class Java8 extends Platform {
  // 默认method.isDefault()
    @Override boolean isDefaultMethod(Method method) {
      return method.isDefault();
    }
    // 支持调用默认方法
    @Override Object invokeDefaultMethod(Method method, Class declaringClass, Object object,
        @Nullable Object... args) throws Throwable {
      // Because the service interface might not be public, we need to use a MethodHandle lookup
      // that ignores the visibility of the declaringClass.
      Constructor constructor = Lookup.class.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.class, int.class);
      constructor.setAccessible(true);
      return constructor.newInstance(declaringClass, -1 /* trusted */)
          .unreflectSpecial(method, declaringClass)
          .bindTo(object)
          .invokeWithArguments(args);
    }
    // 默认适配器工厂列表,和Android差不多
    @Override List defaultCallAdapterFactories(
        @Nullable Executor callbackExecutor) {
      List factories = new ArrayList<>(2);
      factories.add(CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE);
      factories.add(new DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));
      return unmodifiableList(factories);
    }
    // 默认适配器工厂个数
     @Override int defaultCallAdapterFactoriesSize() {
      return 2;
    }
    // 默认转换器工厂列表
    @Override List defaultConverterFactories() {
      return singletonList(OptionalConverterFactory.INSTANCE);
    }
    // 默认转换器工厂个数
    @Override int defaultConverterFactoriesSize() {
      return 1;
    }
  }
  • isDefaultMethod():返回method.isDefault()
  • invokeDefaultMethod():调用非默认方法接口。

总结一下:

平台 默认回调执行器 默认回调适配器工厂 默认转换器工厂 判断methos是默认方法 Object invokeDefaultMethod()
Platform DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor) false 不支持
Java8 DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor)和CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE OptionalConverterFactory.INSTANCE method.isDefault() 支持
Android MainThreadExecutor 一个DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor)或者DefaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor)和CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE OptionalConverterFactory.INSTANCE SDK_INT< 24 ? false:method.isDefault() 不支持

2.2 合成Retrofit的组件:

Retrofit是一个门面,这个门面通过组合各种组件来为使用者提供API。以下就是合成Retrofit的必要组件:

  • callFactory:okhttp3.Call.Factory 生成(HTTP调用对象)的工厂
  • baseUrl:HttpUrl HTTP url相关
  • converterFactories:List
  • adapterFactories:List
  • callbackExecutor: Executor
  • validateEagerly: boolean

2.2.1 okhttp3.Call.Factory

http调用(call)工厂,就是生产http调用对象的工厂

可以看看okhttp3.Call接口

// 表示单个请求/响应,不能执行两次,它是可以取消的。
public interface Call extends Cloneable {
  // 返回发起请求回调的Request
  Request request();
  // 同步执行
  Response execute() throws IOException;
 //  异步执行
  void enqueue(Callback responseCallback);
 // 取消    
  void cancel();
  // 是否已执行
  boolean isExecuted();
 // 是否已取消
  boolean isCanceled();
    // 克隆方法
  Call clone();

// 工厂接口
  interface Factory {
  // 工厂方法
    Call newCall(Request request);
  }
}

image

如果你使用过OkHttp3,会发现这就是OkHttp3常用的外部接口。所以OkHttpClient就是它的一个实现。所以Retrofit框架里没有自己扩展Call.Factory,那么默认工厂就是用的OkHttp3框架里实现的OkHttpClient。

okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory;
      if (callFactory == null) {
        callFactory = new OkHttpClient();
      }

上面取自Retrofit.Builder.build()里的代码,可以看到如果用户没有指定自定义的okhttp3.Call.Factory,那么默认就是用OkHttpClient。

2.2.2 baseUrl:HttpUrl

image

HttpUrl对象可通过HttpUrl.Build对象的parse()方法构造。HttpUrl包含一个Http Url的组成信息,比如域名,端口,用户名,密码等都可以设置。

HttpUrl就是Retrofit的基地址,它可以通过HttpUrl.parse(String baseUrl)的匹配校验生成一个HttpUrl对象。

例:

 /**
     * Set the API base URL.
     *
     * @see #baseUrl(HttpUrl)
     */
    public Builder baseUrl(String baseUrl) {
      checkNotNull(baseUrl, "baseUrl == null");
      return baseUrl(HttpUrl.get(baseUrl));
    }
    
    public Builder baseUrl(HttpUrl baseUrl) {
      checkNotNull(baseUrl, "baseUrl == null");
      List pathSegments = baseUrl.pathSegments();
      if (!"".equals(pathSegments.get(pathSegments.size() - 1))) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("baseUrl must end in /: " + baseUrl);
      }
      this.baseUrl = baseUrl;
      return this;
    }

上面取自Retrofit.Builder.build()里的代码,可以得知我们通常set的地址,最后会转化成一个HttpUrl对象。

2.2.3 converterFactories:List

Converter是从一个对象转为另一种对象过程的抽象,简明一点就叫转换器。比如说你总要把用户的请求信息转为OkHttp标准的请求结构(Request),或者是OkHttp的标准响应信息(Response)转为用户数据。

把它抽象为一个接口,接口里就有一个convert方法

public interface Converter {
    // T是目标类型,F是原始类型
  T convert(F value) throws IOException;
  }

然而Converter又可以是多种多样的,这样就最好是用工厂类来生产:


  abstract class Factory {
    // 生产responseBody转换器
    public @Nullable Converter responseBodyConverter(Type type,
        Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
      return null;
    }
    // 目标为RequestBody的转换器 type为原始类型的type,parameterAnnotations为参数上的注解(因为支持Body,Part,PartMap注解),methodAnnotations为方法注解,retrofit是门面
    public @Nullable Converter requestBodyConverter(Type type,
        Annotation[] parameterAnnotations, Annotation[] methodAnnotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
      return null;
    }
    // 生产目标为String类型的转换器
    public @Nullable Converter stringConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations,
        Retrofit retrofit) {
      return null;
    }
    // 泛型参数type的指定位置参数的上限,比如Map这个type索引位置0参数的type的上限为String,1为Long
    protected static Type getParameterUpperBound(int index, ParameterizedType type) {
      return Utils.getParameterUpperBound(index, type);
    }
    // 一般用于获取泛型参数前的type,比如List会返回List.class
    protected static Class getRawType(Type type) {
      return Utils.getRawType(type);
    }
  }

想要转换肯定要知道原始类型和目标类型,所以可以从生成方法中的参数

Retrofit库已经为我们实现了很多Converter,如下图:

image

常用的GsonConverterFactory实现:

public final class GsonConverterFactory extends Converter.Factory {
    // 实例化一个GsonConverterFactory
    public static GsonConverterFactory create() {
    return create(new Gson());
  }
  
    public static GsonConverterFactory create(Gson gson) {
    if (gson == null) throw new NullPointerException("gson == null");
    return new GsonConverterFactory(gson);
  }
  
    private final Gson gson;
    // 构造方法
    private GsonConverterFactory(Gson gson) {
    this.gson = gson;
  }
  // 把ResponseBody转为指定类型对象
  @Override
  public Converter responseBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations,
      Retrofit retrofit) {
    TypeAdapter adapter = gson.getAdapter(TypeToken.get(type));
    return new GsonResponseBodyConverter<>(gson, adapter);
  }
  // 把指定类型转为RequestBody
  @Override
  public Converter requestBodyConverter(Type type,
      Annotation[] parameterAnnotations, Annotation[] methodAnnotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
    TypeAdapter adapter = gson.getAdapter(TypeToken.get(type));
    return new GsonRequestBodyConverter<>(gson, adapter);
  }
  
}

Gson是怎么解析的?

GsonRequestBodyConverter类里:

// 这里实际也就是把对象转为Json字符串写入到RequestBody里而已。
@Override public RequestBody convert(T value) throws IOException {
    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
    Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(buffer.outputStream(), UTF_8);
    JsonWriter jsonWriter = gson.newJsonWriter(writer);
    adapter.write(jsonWriter, value);
    jsonWriter.close();
    return RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE, buffer.readByteString());
  }

使用Gson的jsonWriter配合TypeAdapter写入Buffer,然后构造RequestBody。

GsonResponseBodyConverter类里:

final class GsonResponseBodyConverter implements Converter {
  private final Gson gson;
  private final TypeAdapter adapter;

  GsonResponseBodyConverter(Gson gson, TypeAdapter adapter) {
    this.gson = gson;
    this.adapter = adapter;
  }
    // 就是把body里面的Json字符串读出来然后转为指定类型的对象
  @Override public T convert(ResponseBody value) throws IOException {
    JsonReader jsonReader = gson.newJsonReader(value.charStream());
    try {
      T result = adapter.read(jsonReader);
      if (jsonReader.peek() != JsonToken.END_DOCUMENT) {
        throw new JsonIOException("JSON document was not fully consumed.");
      }
      return result;
    } finally {
      value.close();
    }
  }
}

2.2.4 adapterFactories:List 适配器工厂

功能:将默认的网络请求执行器(OkHttpCall)转换成适合被不同平台来调用的网络请求执行器形式,相当于返回一个代理。

CallAdapter.java

// R为原始响应Java对象类型,T为目标响应类型
public interface CallAdapter {
    // 返回想要响应转成的Java对象类型
    Type responseType();
    // 返回一个call的代理
    T adapt(Call call);
}

对应的工厂类:其实跟前面的转换器差不多

abstract class Factory {
    // 返回一个回调适配器
    public abstract @Nullable CallAdapter get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations,
        Retrofit retrofit);
    // 获取容器指定索引位置的存放值类型
    protected static Type getParameterUpperBound(int index, ParameterizedType type) {
      return Utils.getParameterUpperBound(index, type);
    }
    // 获取原始Class
    protected static Class getRawType(Type type) {
      return Utils.getRawType(type);
    }
  }
}

同样的Retrofit也为我们实现了几个现成的适配器工厂

image

DefaultCallAdapterFactory 默认的Call适配器工厂

重写get():

 @Override public @Nullable CallAdapter get(
      Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
      // 若返回类型Type不是Call.class,返回适配器null
    if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) {
      return null;
    }
    // 返回类型Type必须为带泛型参数的Type
    if (!(returnType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Call return type must be parameterized as Call or Call");
    }
    // 取得返回类型的泛型参数第一个参数的Type实例
    final Type responseType = Utils.getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) returnType);
    // 获取回调执行器
    final Executor executor = Utils.isAnnotationPresent(annotations, SkipCallbackExecutor.class)
        ? null
        : callbackExecutor;

    return new CallAdapter>() {
      @Override public Type responseType() {
      // 适配器适配的类型Type
        return responseType;
      }

      @Override public Call adapt(Call call) {
      // 适配器适配后的对象
        return executor == null
            ? call
            : new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(executor, call);
      }
    };
  }
 
 

扩展Call:代替原来的call,将原call的一些方法放在指定的执行器执行

static final class ExecutorCallbackCall implements Call {
    // 回调执行器
    final Executor callbackExecutor;
    // 我理解为原始call,但不知道这里为什么要命名为delegate,获取是把原对象看作代理吧
    final Call delegate;

    ExecutorCallbackCall(Executor callbackExecutor, Call delegate) {
      this.callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor;
      this.delegate = delegate;
    }

    @Override public void enqueue(final Callback callback) {
      checkNotNull(callback, "callback == null");

      delegate.enqueue(new Callback() {
        @Override public void onResponse(Call call, final Response response) {
          callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override public void run() {
              if (delegate.isCanceled()) {
                // Emulate OkHttp's behavior of throwing/delivering an IOException on cancellation.
                callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
              } else {
                callback.onResponse(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, response);
              }
            }
          });
        }

        @Override public void onFailure(Call call, final Throwable t) {
          callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override public void run() {
              callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this, t);
            }
          });
        }
      });
    }

    @Override public boolean isExecuted() {
      return delegate.isExecuted();
    }

    @Override public Response execute() throws IOException {
      return delegate.execute();
    }

    @Override public void cancel() {
      delegate.cancel();
    }

    @Override public boolean isCanceled() {
      return delegate.isCanceled();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("CloneDoesntCallSuperClone") // Performing deep clone.
    @Override public Call clone() {
      return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, delegate.clone());
    }

    @Override public Request request() {
      return delegate.request();
    }
  }

CompletableFutureCallAdapterFactory 支持转为ompletableFuture<>的Call适配器工厂

重写get():

  @Override public @Nullable CallAdapter get(
      Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
      // 返回类型必须为CompletableFuture.class
    if (getRawType(returnType) != CompletableFuture.class) {
      return null;
    }
    //  返回类型必须为泛型参数Type
    if (!(returnType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("CompletableFuture return type must be parameterized"
          + " as CompletableFuture or CompletableFuture");
    }
    // 返回类型第一个参数Type
    Type innerType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) returnType);
    // 如果返回类型第一个参数Type不是Response,则返回BodyCallAdapter
    if (getRawType(innerType) != Response.class) {
      // Generic type is not Response. Use it for body-only adapter.
      return new BodyCallAdapter<>(innerType);
    }

    // 如果返回类型第一个参数Type是Response,则必须也为泛型参数化Type
    if (!(innerType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Response must be parameterized"
          + " as Response or Response");
    }
    // 返回ResponseCallAdapter实例
    Type responseType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) innerType);
    return new ResponseCallAdapter<>(responseType);
  }

BodyCallAdapter :将Call转为CompletableFuture,是java8平台支持的特性

private static final class BodyCallAdapter implements CallAdapter> {
    private final Type responseType;

    BodyCallAdapter(Type responseType) {
      this.responseType = responseType;
    }

    @Override public Type responseType() {
      return responseType;
    }

    @Override public CompletableFuture adapt(final Call call) {
      final CompletableFuture future = new CompletableFuture() {
        @Override public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
          if (mayInterruptIfRunning) {
            call.cancel();
          }
          return super.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
        }
      };

      call.enqueue(new Callback() {
        @Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) {
          if (response.isSuccessful()) {
            future.complete(response.body());
          } else {
            future.completeExceptionally(new HttpException(response));
          }
        }

        @Override public void onFailure(Call call, Throwable t) {
          future.completeExceptionally(t);
        }
      });

      return future;
    }
  }

ResponseCallAdapter:将原始Call转为CompletableFuture

private static final class ResponseCallAdapter
      implements CallAdapter>> {
    private final Type responseType;

    ResponseCallAdapter(Type responseType) {
      this.responseType = responseType;
    }

    @Override public Type responseType() {
      return responseType;
    }

    @Override public CompletableFuture> adapt(final Call call) {
      final CompletableFuture> future = new CompletableFuture>() {
        @Override public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
          if (mayInterruptIfRunning) {
            call.cancel();
          }
          return super.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
        }
      };

      call.enqueue(new Callback() {
        @Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) {
          future.complete(response);
        }

        @Override public void onFailure(Call call, Throwable t) {
          future.completeExceptionally(t);
        }
      });

      return future;
    }
  }

适配第三方框架:RxJava2CallAdapterFactory的实现

public final class RxJava2CallAdapterFactory extends CallAdapter.Factory {
    // 默认传的调度器是为空的
    public static RxJava2CallAdapterFactory create() {
    return new RxJava2CallAdapterFactory(null, false);
  }
   public static RxJava2CallAdapterFactory createAsync() {
    return new RxJava2CallAdapterFactory(null, true);
  }
    public static RxJava2CallAdapterFactory createWithScheduler(Scheduler scheduler) {
    if (scheduler == null) throw new NullPointerException("scheduler == null");
    return new RxJava2CallAdapterFactory(scheduler, false);
  }
  // 调度器
  private final @Nullable Scheduler scheduler;
  // 是否异步
  private final boolean isAsync;
  // 构造器
   private RxJava2CallAdapterFactory(@Nullable Scheduler scheduler, boolean isAsync) {
    this.scheduler = scheduler;
    this.isAsync = isAsync;
  }
  // 获取Call适配器
  @Override
  public CallAdapter get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {
    Class rawType = getRawType(returnType);
    // 如果返回类型为 Completable,则适配为Completable,为Completable相当于Runable,执行任务不会发射数据
    if (rawType == Completable.class) {
      return new RxJava2CallAdapter(Void.class, scheduler, isAsync, false, true, false, false,
          false, true);
    }

    boolean isFlowable = rawType == Flowable.class;
    boolean isSingle = rawType == Single.class;
    boolean isMaybe = rawType == Maybe.class;
    // 如果不是Observable、Flowable,Single,Maybe,则适配为null,因为RxJava2只有这几种被观察者
    if (rawType != Observable.class && !isFlowable && !isSingle && !isMaybe) {
      return null;
    }

    boolean isResult = false;
    boolean isBody = false;
    Type responseType;
    if (!(returnType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
      String name = isFlowable ? "Flowable"
          : isSingle ? "Single"
          : isMaybe ? "Maybe" : "Observable";
      throw new IllegalStateException(name + " return type must be parameterized"
          + " as " + name + " or " + name + "");
    }
    // 获取观察的数据类型
    Type observableType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) returnType);
    Class rawObservableType = getRawType(observableType);
    if (rawObservableType == Response.class) {
        // 如果观察的数据类型为Response,则Response必须要有泛型参数,即observableType为ParameterizedType。然后不是result,也不是body.比如Observable>
      if (!(observableType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Response must be parameterized"
            + " as Response or Response");
      }
      // 获取Response的泛型参数Type
      responseType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) observableType);
    } else if (rawObservableType == Result.class) {
      // Result和Response同理,是result,比如Observable>
      if (!(observableType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Result must be parameterized"
            + " as Result or Result");
      }
      responseType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) observableType);
      isResult = true;
    } else {
      // 否则为body,即使用者自定义类型,比如Observable
      responseType = observableType;
      isBody = true;
    }
    // 然后传给RxJava2CallAdapter构造器,构造出对应条件的Call适配器
    return new RxJava2CallAdapter(responseType, scheduler, isAsync, isResult, isBody, isFlowable,
        isSingle, isMaybe, false);
  }
}

RxJava2CallAdapter.java

// 负责把Call转为Rxjava的被观察者
final class RxJava2CallAdapter implements CallAdapter {
    // 响应类型
  private final Type responseType;
  // 调度器
  private final @Nullable Scheduler scheduler;
  // 是否异步
  private final boolean isAsync;
  // 是否原始结果
  private final boolean isResult;
  // 是否是body结果
  private final boolean isBody;
  // 是否背压
  private final boolean isFlowable;
  // 是否Single
  private final boolean isSingle;
  // 是否Maybe
  private final boolean isMaybe;
  // 是否是Completable
  private final boolean isCompletable;

  RxJava2CallAdapter(Type responseType, @Nullable Scheduler scheduler, boolean isAsync,
      boolean isResult, boolean isBody, boolean isFlowable, boolean isSingle, boolean isMaybe,
      boolean isCompletable) {
    this.responseType = responseType;
    this.scheduler = scheduler;
    this.isAsync = isAsync;
    this.isResult = isResult;
    this.isBody = isBody;
    this.isFlowable = isFlowable;
    this.isSingle = isSingle;
    this.isMaybe = isMaybe;
    this.isCompletable = isCompletable;
  }

  @Override public Type responseType() {
    return responseType;
  }

  @Override public Object adapt(Call call) {
  // 不管怎样,先转为Observable>
    Observable> responseObservable = isAsync
        ? new CallEnqueueObservable<>(call)
        : new CallExecuteObservable<>(call);

    Observable observable;
    if (isResult) {
        // 如果是Result类型,则转为ResultObservable
      observable = new ResultObservable<>(responseObservable);
    } else if (isBody) {
        // 如果是用户自定义的Body类型,则转为BodyObservable
      observable = new BodyObservable<>(responseObservable);
    } else {
        // 其它则返回Observable>
      observable = responseObservable;
    }

    if (scheduler != null) {
      observable = observable.subscribeOn(scheduler);
    }
    // 如果要支持背压,则把observable转为Flowable
    if (isFlowable) {
      return observable.toFlowable(BackpressureStrategy.LATEST);
    }
    // 如果要Single,则把observable转为Single
    if (isSingle) {
      return observable.singleOrError();
    }
    // 如果要Maybe,则把observable转为Maybe
    if (isMaybe) {
      return observable.singleElement();
    }
    // 如果要Completable,则把observable转为Completable
    if (isCompletable) {
      return observable.ignoreElements();
    }
    return observable;
  }
}

2.2.5 callbackExecutor: Executor

回调执行器,即回调执行在哪个线程池提供的线程中:其实在Platform里面Android平台已经有一个MainThreadExecutor了,也可以自定义线程池,Retrofit在Androdi平台回调默认在主线程回调,所有没必要在切换线程

2.2.6 validateEagerly:boolean

是否提前验证Service接口方法,默认为false

3 Retrofit如何通过动态代理把一个接口转为具体的实现实例?

关键代码:

public  T create(final Class service) {
    Utils.validateServiceInterface(service);
    if (validateEagerly) {
      eagerlyValidateMethods(service);
    }
    return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class[] { service },
        new InvocationHandler() {
          private final Platform platform = Platform.get();

          @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, @Nullable Object[] args)
              throws Throwable {
            // If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation. 如果方法是object的,那么就执行object对应的方法
            if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
              return method.invoke(this, args);
            }
            // 如果平台支持默认方法实现,则调用默认方法实现,一般都不这样做,也许是适配最新的java接口支持默认实现
            if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {
              return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args);
            }
            // 大多数情况下都是先从Method中提取出ServiceMethod,然后通过ServiceMethod调用HttpCall来实现请求
             return loadServiceMethod(method).invoke(args != null ? args : emptyArgs);
          }
        });
  }

首先是拿到用户自定义的Service接口class,然后用java的Proxy.newProxyInstance构造出一个动态代理,但是该代理并没有持有常规意义上已存在的被代理者的引用,而只是取得一个代理执行权,当然也可以理解成是代理HTTP Call。它首先从method中提取出HttpServiceMethod,HttpServiceMethod相当于是HttpCall调用方法的适配器,从而实现动态代理在被调用方法时,最终就是在调用HttpCall,这个就是Retrofit的精髓之处,Retrofit结合注解然后代理OkHttp,使使用者在做请求时以简洁的代码快速构造请求代码,比如你不必再写很多Request.Builder代码,不必再设计回调结果的转换代码等。

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