1、How does the lean manufacturing concept of Kanban reduce the impact of work in process bottlenecks? A. It does not reduce bottlenecks. Bottlenecks are an inevitable by-product of any manufacturing system B. Through root cause analysis using 5Y C. By being a just-in-time scheduling system D. Through weekly kaizen events 看板中的精益生产概念是如何减少瓶颈对工作的影响?
A:它不会减少瓶颈,因为瓶颈是任何生产系统不可避免的副产品
B:通过运用5Y分析根本原因
C:通过成为一个及时制生产系统
D:通过每周改进活动
C解析:看板是一个跟精益和及时制生产相关的概念,帮助团队意识到他们是如何工作以及下一步要做什么,让团队形成自我指挥
2、Greg has just finished completed a task. He wants to update the team and other stakeholders about the progress of the task. In which column of the task board should Greg place the task card? A. Done B. To do C. Ready for testing D. In progress 格雷格刚完成了一项任务,他希望将任务进度更新给团队和其他干系人,他应该将此任务卡放在任务板的哪一目录下?
A:完成
B:准备进行
C:准备测试
D:进展中
C解析:应该将此任务卡放在任务板的“准备测试”目录下。所有任务都必须经过测试或者验证流程,来确保质量。
3、Jan is looking at an important agile document that includes the project vision and success criteria. What document is Jan most likely reviewing? A. Mission statement B. Project charter C. Team virtual page D. Statement of work 简正在查看一份重要的敏捷文件,里面包含了项目的愿景和成功标准,那么她最有可能是在看
A:任务说明
B:项目章程
C:团队虚拟页
D:工作说明
B解析:项目章程是重要的管理文件,需要所有干系人的参与。虽然专家建议章程应不超过一页,但是因为所有的干系人必须参与进来并且达成一致意见,所以创建项目章程是非常具有挑战性的。 项目章程中应包含3个关键信息:愿景,任务和成功标准。
4、Frankie has just finished building, testing, and integrating a feature in an iteration that has a WIP limit of ten for features. How many other features could be in the middle of development on Frankie’s team? A. No more than 11 B. No more than nine C. No more than 10 D. No more than five Frankie在一个迭代中刚刚完成了一项特征的编码、测试和集成,如果特征在制品限制数量为10。那么在Frankie团队的开发过程中,还有多少其他的特征呢?
A:不超过11
B:不超过9
C:不超过10
D:不超过5
B解析:在制品指的是团队已经开始进行但还没完成的需求,WIP是10,已经完成了一个特征,还有最多不超过9个特征
5、Which agile framework emphasizes the practice of collective ownership, continuous integration, and pair programming? A. Scrum B. Crystal C. DSDM D. XP 哪一种敏捷实践强调了集体所有、持续集成和结对编程
A:Scrum
B:Crystal
C:DSDM
D:XP
D解析:极限编程(XP)是一项以编程人员为中心的敏捷架构,注重小而迅速的发布。 XP极限编程强调以下原则: 结对编程 可持续速度 不断自动测试 有效沟通 简单性 反馈 勇气 集体所有 持续集成 激励工作 共享工作空间 现场客户代表 使用隐喻说明概念。
6、Which agile document holds a list of all product features to be developed in the project? A. Product backlog B. Task backlog C. Sprint backlog D. Iteration backlog 以下哪一项敏捷文档含有项目中所有需要开发的产品特征?
A:产品待办事项列表
B:任务待办列表
C:冲刺待办事项列表
D:迭代待办事项列表
A解析:产品待办事项是一列所有需要在迭代中开发的产品特性综合性清单,它是不断变化的,以适应客户需求。随着项目发展,因为客户逐渐理解产品需要更完备,所以待办事项中的项目特性更明确。
7、Which of the following is a key responsibility of the product owner according to the scrum philosophy? A. Pair programming assignments B. Velocity C. Return on investment D. Quality control 根据scrum理论,产品负责人的主要职责是
A:结对编程分配
B:速度
C:投资回报率
D:质量控制
C解析:产品负责人的主要职责之一是投资回报率。
8、What is the agile story map essentially equivalent to in traditional project management? A. The product list B. The product requirements C. The project plan D. The project schedule 敏捷项目中的故事地图本质上等同于传统项目管理中的
A:产品清单
B:产品需求
C:项目计划
D:项目进度安排
C解析:敏捷中,故事地图本质上等同于项目计划,它将用户故事/产品特性按逻辑主题排列,作为开发的计划。
9、Wendy has been given a deck of cards for an upcoming agile planning meeting. In the meeting Wendy is to use the cards for estimating the work effort involved with developing user stories. What agile estimation technique is Wendy applying? A. Planning poker B. Infinity estimation C. Poker affinity D. Affinity estimation 温迪拿到一副扑克,准备在即将进行的敏捷计划会议上使用,用来估算开发用户故事的工作量,那么温迪使用的敏捷估算技术是
A:计划扑克
B:无穷估算
C:扑克亲和
D:亲和估算
A解析:计划扑克是基于宽带德尔菲估算技能、也是以共识为基础的工作量估算技能。有时候也称为敏捷扑克,往往在故事点和开发用户故事中用来估算相对工作量。在计划扑克会议中,每一位成员各持有一副相同价值的计划扑克卡片。 计划扑克会议按如下运行: 1)一名调停人,主持会议,不参与估算。 2)产品负责人对用户故事做概述,并回答开发者提出的澄清问题,往往产品负责人不参与投票。 3)每一位成员抽取一张卡片来估算工作量。 4)每人抽取一张卡片后,同时将他们的卡片翻转, 5)持高和低估算的成员各有一次辩护机会。 6)达成共识前,不断重复以上流程。
10、Henry has just revealed a card to his agile team that shows a value of 5. He drew the card from a deck of similar shaped cards with other values. What popular agile planning game is Henry most likely playing? A. Planning stud B. Planning cards C. Planning cribbage D. Planning poker 亨利刚向他的敏捷团队公开了一张卡片,价值是5。他是从一副形状相似、价值不同的卡片中抽出来的。亨利最有可能是在进行的是哪一项流行的敏捷计划游戏?
A:计划饰钉
B:计划卡片
C:计划纸牌
D:计划扑克
D解析:在估算开发一个用户故事的相对工作量时,计划扑克是较受欢迎的一个敏捷游戏。每一名团队成员拥有一副不同价值的数字卡片,他们可从中抽出一张卡片,来表示他们开发一个用户故事的估算点值。
11、Generally, how is an agile project estimated? A. From both a horizontal and vertical dimension B. From the bottom up C. From the top of down D. Both from the top down and the bottom up 一般来说,一个敏捷项目是怎样估算的
A:横向和纵向
B:自下而上
C:自上而下
D:自上而下和自下而上
C解析:当估计敏捷项目时,宏观方法是常用的。首先是高级估计,接着是详细估计。
12、When estimating the relative work effort to develop user stories, agile teams have both ideal days and story points as a method for estimation. What should agile teams be weary of doing with these methods? A. Using both estimate methods simultaneously in a project B. Using ideal days too early in a project C. Forgetting to convert both methods into story velocity for a common basis of estimation D. Using story points too early in a project 在估算用户故事的相对工作量时,敏捷团队既可以用理想天数,也可以用故事点作为估算方法。敏捷团队在应用这些方法时应该避免什么?
A:在项目中同时使用这两种估算方法
B:在项目中过早使用理想时间
C:忘记把两种方法转换成故事速度这一种衡量单位
D:在项目中过早使用故事点
A解析:敏捷团队应约定使用一种估算方法,故事点或者理想时间,因为这两种方法使用不同的测量单位,会造成混乱。
13、What team members discuss in the daily stand-up meeting? A. Work breakdown structures B. Stakeholder inconsistencies C. Software development methods D. Current progress and any issues or impediments that are impacting progress 在每日站立会议中,团队成员通常要讨论什么
A:工作分解结构
B:干系人间的矛盾
C:软件开发方法
D:目前的进展以及遇到的问题和阻碍
D解析:在每日站立会议中,每个成员都会分享他完成了什么工作,计划完成什么工作,以及遇到了什么问题
14、In the scrum methodology ,how long do daily stand -up meetings typically last ? A.2 to 4 hours B.1.5 to 2.0 hours C.30 to 60 minutes D.15 minutes 在敏捷方法中,通常站立会议要持续多长时间
A:2到4个小时
B:1.5到2个小时
C:30到60分钟
D:15分钟
D解析:在敏捷方法论中,站会不应该超过15分钟。
15、Where does the agile methodology technique of stand-up meeting get its name? A. From the fact that team members must stand-up to challenges presented to them in the previous sprint B. From the fact that all team members are encouraged to physically stand-up during the meeting to ensure for the meeting’s efficiency C. From the fact that a team member must physically stand-up when called upon by the project leader to present yesterday’s progress. D. From the fact that team members must stand-up when present exploratory ideas to the team to determine project feasibility 敏捷方法中每日站会的由来是
A:团队成员必须站起来面对冲刺中出现的挑战
B:鼓励团队成员站立进行会议以确保会议的效率
C:当项目领导人要求展示昨日进度时,团队成员必须站立进行
D:当团队成员向团队提出探索性想法,以确定项目的可行性时,团队成员必须站立
B解析:“每日站会”的由来是鼓励所有团队成员站立进行会议以提高会议的效率,理由是站立带来的不舒适感,会使成员减少浪费的时间。
16、What is the ideal duration range for developing a user story? A. 1 to 2 sprints B. 1 to 2 iterations C. 2 to 5 days D. 15 days 开发一个用户故事的理想时长是
A:1-2个冲刺
B:1-2个迭代
C:2-5天
D:15 天
C解析:开发一个用户故事的理想持续时长是2-5天。
17、Identify the goal in the following example user story: As a preferred customer, I need to be able to quickly choose among any available car so that I will remain loyal to the brand. A. Car B. Preferred customer C. Quickly choose among any available D. Will remain loyal to the brand 辨别以下用户故事的目标:作为首选客户,我需要能够快速选择任何可用的汽车,由此可以继续忠于这个品牌。
A:汽车
B:首选客户
C:迅速选择任何可用的车
D:忠于这个品牌
C解析:一个用户故事包含3个基本要素: 一个角色,一个目标和一个可达到的商业价值,通常的形式是:“作为,我需要,由此我可以。”
18、How are user stories or feature prioritized for development in the agile methodology ? A. By difficulty B. By value C. By developer preference D. By case of implementation 敏捷方法中的用户故事或特征如何定义优先级?
A:通过困难程度
B:通过价值
C:通过开发者的偏好
D:通过实施的案例
B解析:用户故事是基于价值去进行优先级排序的。
19、Select a technique used for value-based analysis? A. MoSCoW B. SMART C. WIDETOM D. INVEST 基于价值的分析的其中一个技术是
A:MoSCoW
B:SMART
C:WIDETOM
D:INVEST
A解析:通过风险-价值指标和成本-价值指标,使用MoSCoW或Kano方法可进行优先级排序,所以选择A
20、Harry’s agile team has just finished creating a value stream map for one of its products. On the value stream map, Harry’s team has identified two types of data. Which of the following are these two types of data most likely to be? A. Defect-stream and Value-stream B. Information-flow and information-owner C. Value-added and non value-added D. Sigma-ranked and Theta-prioritized 哈利的敏捷团队刚完成了其中一个产品的价值流程图。团队在图中展示出了两种数据,那么这两种数据最有可能是
A:缺陷流和价值流
B:信息流和信息所有者
C:增值和非增值
D:西格玛排序和西塔优先
C解析:价值流程图就是用来寻找增值和非增值的工作,从而识别关键改进区域
21、If a business is interested in stream lining its processes to remove and reduce waste and increase the efficiency with which value is delivered to its customers, what technique, adapted from lean manufacturing, might it consider? A. Operations research B. Management science C. Value stream mapping D. Systems engineering 如果一个企业想要精简流程,目的是移除和减少浪费,同时提高向客户交付价值的效率,以下哪一项精益生产技能可能会用到?
A:运筹学
B:管理科学
C:价值流程图
D:系统工程
C解析:价值流程图是敏捷采用的精益生产分析技能,用于对形成客户产品或服务的原料和信息(即价值)的流动进行分析。 执行价值流程图大致包括5个步骤: 1)确认产品,客户和范围(即流程的始末)。 2)确认流程步骤,延时和信息需求。估算流程步骤的持续时长和前置期持续时长(lead time duration)。前置期是指在发生前一项流程或者事件需等待的时长。 3)分析价值流程图来确认浪费存在的地方(比如前置期)和流程可完善的地方(流程时间通常认为是价值增加时间,但是应尽量减少整个流程的时间,由此来缩短向客户交付价值流的时间)。 4)通过分析,总结出一份展示价值流应努力达到的前景或者目标的未来价值流程图。 5)通过流程完善活动(即完善)或者其他方法来达到目标的一些工作。
22、Identify the lean manufacturing process used for inventory control adopted by agile to help control work-flow? A. 5Y B. Kaizen C. York-ton D. Kanban 敏捷提倡采用以下哪种精益生产过程进行库存控制,来实现工作流控制。
A:5Y
B:Kaizen
C:York-ton
D:KANBAN
D解析:看板是丰田公司在19世纪40-50年代开发的一个及时(JIT)生产调度系统。它是通过卡片或者信号来请求(需求信号)其他独立系统中(供应方)生产流程的必须部分,以此控制和减少库存。看板已被应用于敏捷中,来帮助控制工作流。
23、Select the technique that is commonly used to create a story map? A. MoSCoW B. MoSTyN C. MoNTO D. MoNTauK 创建一个故事地图的常用技能是
A:MoSCoW
B:MoSTyN
C:MoNTO
D:MoNTauK
A解析:MoSCoW技术通常用在敏捷中,把用户故事以降序进行优先级排列: M-must have必须有; S-should have应该有; C-could have可能有; W-won't have this time这次不会有。 必须有的事物是对开发很重要的产品特征。 应该有的事物是对开发不是很重要但有重要商业价值的产品特征。 能有的事物是能增加一些商业价值的产品特征。 会有的事物是有一点商业价值的产品特征。
24、Taking a cue from lean, what does agile do with respect to WIP? A. It tries to reduce WIP B. It tries to completely eliminate WIP C. It tries to steadily increase WIP D. It tries to exponentially increase WIP 参考精益的内容,敏捷和WIP的关系是
A:敏捷尝试减少WIP
B:敏捷尝试完全消除WIP
C:敏捷尝试稳固增加 WIP
D:敏捷尝试成倍地增加WIP
A解析:和精益相似,敏捷工作尝试将WIP减少至可管理和可持续的水平。
25、Where do all user stories typically reside in an agile project? A. Kanban board B. The iteration backlog C. The product backlog D. The spring backlog 在敏捷项目中,用户故事通常存放在哪里?
A:Kanban板
B:迭代待办列表
C:产品待办列表
D:冲刺待办列表
C解析:产品待办列表是产品需求的列表,包含业务需求、技术需求等等,这些条目会以用户故事的形式呈现
26、As a project manager, David needs to facilitate a release plan meeting . What should David share and discuss in detail with the project team ? A. The project vision B. The release and iteration vision C. The milestone exit criteria D. The product vision 作为项目经理,David要促进发布计划会议。David应该与项目团队详细地分享和讨论什么?
A:项目愿景
B:发布和迭代愿景
C:里程碑设置标准
D:产品愿景
D解析:在发布计划中,敏捷项目经理和开发团队需要讨论产品愿景
27、In general, how can story points and value points be considered ? A. Story points represent quality and value points represent value B. Story points represent cost and value points represent benefit C. Story points represent quality and value points represent benefit D. Story points represent story value and value points represent product value 一般来说,怎样理解故事点和价值点?
A:故事点代表质量,价值点代表价值
B:故事点代表成本,价值点代表收益
C:故事点代表质量,价值点代表收益
D:故事点代表故事价值,价值点代表产品价值
B解析:总的来说,故事点可以被看作是开发一个用户故事的成本,价值点可以被看作是开发用户故事的收益。
28、What should the persons with the highest and lowest estimated story point value do when playing a game of planning poker? A. Remove their estimate values from the game B. Carry their values forward to the next user story C. Take the average of their scores and then see if it is within 10% of the average of the other scores D. Defend their positions to the group so it may help to arrive at a consensus 当进行计划扑克游戏时,出现有着最高和最低评估故事点值的人时,该怎样做
A:从游戏中消除他们的估计值
B:把他们的价值移动到下个用户故事
C:计算他们的平均值,然后看看是不是不超过其他人平均值的10%
D:向团队成员解释自己的观点,达成共识
D解析:在用敏捷扑克进行估算的时候,如果出现估算过高或者过低的情况,应该让两位成员陈述自己的观点,和大家一起达成共识
29、Two of the Agile Manifesto’s four core values cover communication values. Select these values from the list. A. Face-to-face communication whenever possible and continuous improvement B. Face-to-face communication whenever possible and self-organizing teams C. Individuals and iterations over processes and tools, and customer collaboration over contract negotiation D. Face-to-face communication whenever possible and ensuring that business people and developers work together 《敏捷宣言》的四条核心价值观中有两条涵盖了沟通价值,这两条是
A:尽可能面对面沟通和持续完善
B:尽可能面对面沟通和自组织管理团队
C:个体和交互重于流程和工具;客户合作重于合同谈判
D:尽可能面对面沟通,确保客户和开发者共事
C解析:敏捷宣言:个体和交互胜过过程和工具;客户合作胜过合同谈判;可工作的软件胜过全面的文档;响应变化胜过遵循计划。
30、On a burndown chart, how does the charted actual work accomplished series appear? A. As a straight, downward sloping line B. Typically as a non-linear line that reflects the ebbs and flows of development C. As a curved, downward sloping line D. As a straight, upward sloping line 在一个燃尽图中,实际完成工作如何呈现?
A:直向下的斜线
B:往往是上下起伏的,反映开发的进展
C:曲折向下的斜线
D:直向上的斜线
B解析:项目的燃尽图是一个常用的来展示迭代进度的信息发射源。 它记录两项序列:剩余的实际工作和剩余的理想/预估的工作。 竖轴是工作单元(常是故事点或时间),横轴是迭代持续时长(常是日期数字)。 理想/预估的工作序列是条向下倾斜的直线,由需完成工作价值(例如20故事点)的竖轴出发,延长至横轴上迭代的最后一天(即0故事点)。 实际工作序列每日更新,取决于敏捷团队的生产率和任务的复杂性。实际工作序列常常是易变的,并非直线,它随着项目团队干涉开发流程而消长。
31、Joy, as an agile team leader, is noticing that her daily stand-up meetings are lasting well long of the suggested 15 minutes. What can she do to ensure meetings stay brief and productive? A. Ask team members to cancel daily stand-up meetings in favor for a weekly two hour meeting B. Wait to handle any issues that take longer than a few minutes to discuss after the daily stand-up meeting has concluded. C. Dissuade team members from sharing pertinent progress information to keep the meetings brief D. Downplay or ignore shared information that she feels is inconsequential so team members will, via osmotic communication, feel disinclined to share at daily stand-ups. 作为敏捷团队的领导者,乔伊注意到,团队的每日站立会议时长远超于建议的15分钟,为保证会议简短而有效,她可以
A:改为每周2小时会议,建议团队成员删除每日站立会议
B:每日站立会议结束后,专门安排会议解决需要更多时长讨论的问题
C:劝止团队成员分享相关的进度信息,以保证会议简短
D:忽略或淡化她认为琐碎的信息,由此通过渗透沟通,使团队成员不会在每日站立会议上分享类似信息。
B解析:每日站立会议上,来不及解决的问题应当记录下来,在每日站立会议后单独安排会议解决。这样可以保证会议简短而有效。
32、It is Hank’s turn in the daily stand-up meeting. He starts reviewing what he has achieved since the last meeting, continues with what he plans to achieve before the next meeting, and then rambles for 15 minutes about the minutiae of technical obstacles to his progress. How is Hank hurting the agile team’s progress? A. Hank is not hurting team’s progress, but, in fact, improving it by comprehensively covering all pertinent talking points of the stand-up meeting B. Hank should open first with the discussion regarding technical obstacles as this is what will impact team performance the most C. Hank should start first with what he plans to achieve before the next meeting before discussing what he has achieved since the last meeting D. Hank is spending too much time discussing the obstacles he is facing with the team. The team should confront Hank that any obstacles that cannot be discussed in a few minutes should be tabled for later discussion with the appropriate stakeholders. 在每日站立会议上,轮到汉克作分享:他首先回顾了自己自上一次会议后学到的内容,接着讲述了在下一次会议前计划学到的内容,最后用15分钟详细地闲谈了自己遇到的技术障碍。汉克如何影响了敏捷团队的进度?
A:汉克并没有影响团队进度,但是他应该在站立会议上综合讲述相关的内容
B:因为考虑到技术上的障碍可能影响到团队绩效,所以汉克应首先讨论自己遇到的技术障碍
C:汉克应该先讲述在下一次会议前计划学到的内容,再回顾自己自上一次会议后学到的内容
D:汉克在自己遇到的技术障碍上谈论过长时间。团队应将一时无法解决的问题记录下来,在之后的讨论中再与相关干系人讨论
D解析:每日站立会议上,不详细讨论问题,如果没有解决可以在立会后单独组织一次会议进行详细讨论
33、What are the key elements considered when prioritizing user stories? A. Value, risk, and difficulty B. Value, cost, and difficulty C. Value, risk, and expedience D. Value, cost, and risk 优先处理用户故事时考虑的重点因素是
A:价值,风险和难度
B:价值,成本和难度
C:价值,风险和便利
D:价值,成本和风险
D解析:价值,成本和风险是处理用户故事时优先考虑的重点因素。
34、Reggie realizes that the timeboxed value for the current user story he is developing is too short a duration. What should Reggie do? A. aggregate the task with other tasks that are equally as difficult B. take a corrective measures as soon as possible and notify the team about the realization C. remove the user story from the current iteration and place it in the product backlog D. simply update the timebox to what he thinks is appropriate and continue to work without notifying the team Reggie认识到当前正在开发的用户故事的时间箱太短。那么此时Reggie应该采取什么措施?
A:将该任务和与它同样困难的任务聚集在一起
B:尽快采取修正措施并通知给该团队
C:将用户故事从当前迭代中移除,放到产品待办事项中
D:更改时间箱到他认为是合适的并能继续工作的程度,然后继续工作不用通知团队
B解析:当开发者注意到用户故事或任务用时比时间箱长,应该提醒团队并采取措施。包括:把任务分解为更小的用户故事
35、Select the response that holds one of Ron Jeffries three Cs used to help defined user stories A. Creative B. Collaboration C. Customer-oriented D. Confirmation 以下哪一个选项是Ron Jeffries用于帮助定义用户故事的3个C之一
A:创造性
B:合作
C:顾客导向
D:确认
D解析:用于定义用户故事的罗恩•杰弗里斯的3C分别是卡片,对话和确认。
36、Identify the achieved business value in the following example user story: As a preferred customer, I need to be able to quickly choose among any available car so that I will remain loyal to the brand. A. Preferred customer B. Car C. Will remain loyal to the brand D. Quickly choose among any available car 辨别以下用户故事的商业价值:辨别以下用户故事的商业价值:作为首选客户,我需要能够快速选择任何可用的汽车,由此可以继续忠于这个品牌。
A:首选客户
B:汽车
C:可以继续忠于这个品牌
D:迅速选择任何可用的车
C解析:一个用户故事包含3个基本要素: 一个角色,一个目标和一个可达到的商业价值,通常的形式是:“作为,我需要,由此我可以。
37、What is a theme in the context of agile development? A. A set of related topics for the retrospective B. A set of related programmer tasks. C. A set of related topics for scrum review D. A set of related user stories 敏捷开发中的主题是指
A:一组用于敏捷回顾相关的话题
B:一组相关的开发任务
C:一组用于敏捷评审相关的话题
D:一组相关的用户故事
D解析:敏捷开发中的主题是指一组相关的用户故事。
38、Bill, as the agile team lead, likes being able to demo the latest iteration of a working product to the customer. His team delivers a demo of the product every two weeks so the customer may provide feedback and perform acceptance. What type of regular interval feedback that is a cornerstone of agile development ? A. Iteration delivery B. Prototype delivery C. Demo and acceptance delivery D. Incremental delivery Bill,作为敏捷团队负责人,喜欢为客户演示产品的最新迭代。他的团队每两周演示一次,从而可以得到客户的反馈和执行验收。什么类型的定期反馈是敏捷发展的基石?
A:迭代交付
B:原型交付
C:演示和验收交付
D:增量交付
D解析:敏捷开发的基石是“增量交付”。增量交付是指为及时反馈和接纳,频繁向客户交付连续改进的工作产品。为演示和反馈,往往在每一个冲刺或迭代的末期交付产品。这项反馈技能,可使客户评价产品并提出新的需求。在敏捷流程中,接受变动/更新/改善的需求,以确保客户得到有价值和质量的产品。一个冲刺或迭代往往持续2-4周,最后,渐进地交付一个新的持续改善的产品。
39、What is the typical duration of a sprint? A. Three to five weeks B. Two months C. One week D. Two to four weeks 一个冲刺的持续时间是多长?
A:三到五周
B:两月
C:一周
D:两到四周
D解析:一般一个冲刺建议的持续时长是2-4周
40、If a user story is said to be able to be scheduled and developed in any order, it satisfies which characteristic? A. It is estimable B. It is independent C. It is Negotiable D. It is small 若一用户故事不分次序,随时可以开发,它最能满足哪一项特征?
A:可估计性
B:独立性
C:可讨论性
D:小
B解析:用户故事的属性需要符合INVEST I-Independent独立故事是指可在任何顺序下开发,避免依赖,使开发更复杂的故事。 N-Negotiable可协商故事是指客户和开发者可自由分析和采用用户故事来达到客户需求的故事。 V-Valuable有价值的故事是指向客户描述产品特性如何提供价值的故事。 E-Estimatable可估算故事是指已准备就绪,开发者可用来估算开发这些用户故事所需的工作量或时长的故事。 S-Small小故事是指需要2-5天执行的故事。 T-Testable可测试故事是指根据接受标准可验证,来确保价值的故事。
41、Ralph is describing the INVEST acronym used for user story development in an agile practitioner seminar. What does the E in INVEST stand for? A. Easy B. Error proof C. Erratum D. Estimable 拉尔夫正在一敏捷实践者研讨会上讲解用于开发用户故事的INVEST原则,其中E代表
A:Easy
B:Error proof
C:Erratum
D:Estimable
D解析:I-Independent N-Negotiable V-Valuable E-Estimatable S-Small T-Testable
42、Select the response that holds the best definition of work in process (WIP) A. The inventory of material that is awaiting initial processing B. Material that is currently in production or development but has not yet been completed C. The production work that is required to process material into finished products D. The backlog of features held in the product backlog 请从下列选项中选择WIP的最佳解释
A:等待初步加工的材料的库存
B:目前正在开发但尚未完成的材料
C:需将材料加工成成品的生产工作
D:产品待办事项中所罗列的特征
B解析:WIP在制品,是指材料或部分已开始生产但是还未完成的产品。
43、Select a technique used for value-based analysis? A. SMART B. Cano C. INVEST D. Kano 以下哪项属于用于价值分析的技术
A:SMART
B:Cano
C:INVEST
D:Kano
D解析:通过风险-价值指标和成本-价值指标,使用MoSCoW或Kano方法可进行优先级排序。
44、What is one purpose of value stream mapping? A. To understand how sigmas are delivered to a customer B. To understand how quality is delivered to a customer C. To understand how agility is delivered to a customer D. To understand how value is delivered to a customer 价值流程图的其中一个目的是
A:体现西格玛是如何向客户交付的
B:体现质量是如何向客户交付的
C:体现敏捷是如何向客户交付的
D:体现价值是如何向客户交付的
D解析:价值流图体现价值是如何向客户交付的
45、What does the Japanese term “Kanban” translate to in English? A. Fool proofing a system B. Continuous improvement C. Billboard or signboard D. Stop on a defect 日语“Kanban”的意思是
A:全证明一个系统
B:持续完善
C:告示板或信号板
D:缺陷上停止
C解析:日语“KANBAN”的意思是看板,是告示板或信号板,一个及时的库存控制调度系统。
46、Jan is looking at an important agile document that includes the project mission and success criteria. What document is Jan most likely reviewing? A. Statement of work B. team virtual page C. project charter D. mission statement Jan正在看一份重要的关于项目任务和成功准则的敏捷文件。Jan最可能在看什么文件呢?
A:工作说明书
B:团队虚拟页
C:项目章程
D:使命陈述
C解析:项目章程是重要的管理文件, 应包含3个关键信息:前景,任务和成功标准。
47、Of the following, which is the best definition of prioritization? A. The vector ordering of product features with respect value B. The scalar ordering of product features with respect to value C. The fixed ordering of product features with respect to value D. The relative ordering of product features with respect to value 以下哪个是对优先级的最佳定义?
A:基于价值对产品特征进行矢量排序
B:基于价值对产品特征进行标量排序
C:基于价值对产品特征进行固定排序
D:基于价值对产品特征进行相对排序
D解析:敏捷中所有的优先级都是“相对的”,也就是说一个用户故事只是相对优先于其他用户故事,而非在固定规模上得到优先处理。
48、Reba and the agile team she belongs to are having a discussion regarding stakeholder management. What is stakeholder management? A. The management or facilitation of a work environment where all stakeholders are actively involved throughout the project B. The management or caging of stakeholder expectations to prevent scope creep C. The management or facilitation of a work environment where developers can assign tasks to stakeholders. D. Managing the problems that stakeholders present throughout the project 瑞巴和她的敏捷团队正在讨论干系人管理,那什么是干系人管理?
A:对工作环境的管理和促进,使所有干系人可积极地参与到项目中
B:对干系人期望的管理和锁定,以防止范围渐变
C:对工作环境的管理和促进,使开发者可分配任务给干系人
D:处理项目过程中干系人面对的问题
A解析:干系人管理是指对项目干系人需要、希望和期望的识别,并通过沟通上的管理来满足其需要、解决其问题的过程,从而能够确保项目取得成功
49、What is the typical unit of work effort used for sizing user stories in planning poker? A. story days B. sprint points C. story points D. agile points 在计划扑克中估计用户故事的单位是什么?
A:故事天数
B:冲刺点
C:故事点
D:敏捷点
C解析:故事点是估计开发一个用户故事相关工作成果的单元。
50、Which of the following responses best defines active listening? A. Focusing your full attention to a speaker B. Focusing your full attention to any inconsistencies in the speaker’s argument C. Focusing your full attention on what to say next in the conversation D. Focusing your full attention on environmental surroundings. 以下哪一项是积极倾听的定义?
A:全神贯注于演讲者
B:全神贯注于演讲者观点中的矛盾
C:全神贯注于紧接着的对话内容
D:全神贯注于周围环境
A解析:减少误解和错误传达的一个沟通技能是积极聆听。优秀的听者和传达者是一项运作良好的敏捷项目中不可或缺的,积极聆听有助于两者的培养。 积极聆听的基本包括: 1)关注当下,集中精力于演讲者。 2)作笔记,不打断。 3)用意译来确认和回顾所收听的内容。 4)讲话结束时为后续归纳对话内容。擅用开放式问题,适当肢体语言和沉默来提高聆听技巧。
51、Name an agile planning technique used to estimate the point value of a user story A. Planning poker B. Texas Hold’Em C. Narrowband Delphi D. Delphi narrowband 用于估算用户故事点的一个敏捷计划方法是
A:计划扑克
B:德州扑克
C:窄带德尔菲法
D:德尔菲窄带
A解析:计划扑克是用于估算用户故事价值点的一个常用的敏捷计划方法。
52、Often during planning poker, the agile team begins with a reference point user story as a basis for subsequent estimates. What size of user story is typically used as a reference point? A. Small B. Extra large C. Medium D. Large 通常在计划扑克期间,敏捷团队用一个参照用户故事作为随后估算的基础,那么常用的参照用户故事的规模是
A:小
B:加大
C:中
D:大
C解析:通常计划扑克的参照用户故事是中码或者均码。估算者可利用参照点来做相对估算。
53、How much time should be devoted to each user story in planning poker? A. 10 minutes B. 8 minutes C. Whatever it takes to come to consensus D. Two to three minutes 计划扑克中每一个用户故事应分配的时间是
A:10分钟
B:8分钟
C:无论多长时间,应协商一致
D:2到3分钟
D解析:进行计划扑克时,通常设定的时间值是2到3分钟
54、What popular agile game is used to estimate the relative effort of developing user stories? A. Planning poker B. Story point poker C. Point poker D. Poker 哪个比较流行的敏捷游戏是用来评估开发中的用户故事点的相对大小?
A:计划扑克
B:故事点扑克
C:点扑克
D:扑克
A解析:计划扑克是敏捷中用来故事点数的方法
55、Which of the following is the best definition of coaching and mentoring ? A. Helping a person or team come up with new ideas B. Helping a person or team prioritize features in the backlog C. Providing guidance and direction to a person or group in an effort to improve performance D. Helping a person or team work together effectively 教练和指导的定义是
A:帮助个人或团队创造新想法
B:帮助个人或团队对待办事项进行优先级排序
C:指导个人或团队提高绩效
D:帮助个人或团队高效合作
C解析:团队内的教练和指导对于新的敏捷团队及经验丰富的敏捷团队都适用。教练和指导是帮助个人或团队提高绩效和实现目标的一种方式。因为敏捷有持续改善的价值。教练和指导不单是为新的或未成熟的团队服务,同时希望帮助提高绩效水平,所以也服务有经验的团队。
56、Which of the following is an agile principle per the Agile Manifesto? A. Individuals and interactions B. Customer collaboration C. Responding to change D. Using working software as the primary measure of progress. 在敏捷宣言中,以下哪一项体现了敏捷原则?
A:个体和交互
B:客户合作
C:响应变化
D:以工作软件作为进度的首要度量标准
D解析:参考宣言第二条以及原则第三条
57、Which of the following helps an agile team promote simple and effective communication? A. Through focusing on quality B. Through focusing on constraints C. Through focusing on value D. Through retrospectives 下列哪一项有助于促进敏捷团队进行简单而有效的沟通?
A:通过注重质量
B:通过注重约束
C:通过注重价值
D:通过回顾
D解析:排除法,A\B\C选项都不合适,回顾会议会进行经验教训总结,促进团队成员及时有效沟通
58、Thomas notices that his team just assigned a user story the value of 10 to indicate the relative effort it will take to develop the user story.What is Thomas and his team most likely using to estimate relative user story development effort? A.Story coins B.Story chapters C.Story marks D.Story points Thomas的团队刚刚被分配一个价值为10的用户故事来表示相对工作量,他们将要开发这个用户故事。Thomas和他的团队最有可能使用什么来估计相对的用户故事?
A:故事硬币
B:故事章节
C:故事标记
D:故事点
D解析:敏捷团队往往使用故事点来估算开发一个用户故事的相对大小或工作量
59、Ken’s agile team has set a feature WIP limit of five. How many features may the team be simultaneously building during the iteration? A. No more than five B. No more than two C. No more than one D. No more than ten Ken的敏捷团队限定WIP特征在五个以内。问在迭代过程中团队可能同时建立多少个特征?
A:不超过五个
B:不超过两个
C:不超过一个
D:不超过十个
A解析:为了提高流速,我们会对在制品进行限制,本题限制在制品的数量为5,那么最多可以同时建立五个特征
60、Which of the following is a process analysis technique A. Value stream mapping B. Kanban board C. Iteration plan D. Product roadmap 以下哪一项属于流程分析技术?
A:价值流程图
B:看板
C:迭代计划
D:产品路线图
A解析:价值流程图是一项协作性地流程分析技能,一支功能多样的团队绘制一个流程来识别浪费发生的地方并且确认可完善的地方