Android jetpack(Navigation篇)

看到网上很对人吐槽navigation如何多余,以及在xml里面编写大量代码,不利于阅读等,其实对于习惯用代码处理逻辑的我来说,确实觉得不怎么方便,但是我总觉得谷歌有着自己的宏伟目标,那就是可视化编程,看着后面推出来的ConstraintLayout以及navigation,DataBinding等,都在可视化编程上给了更多的便利。总之,存在即合理。用不到也要学习学习。所以做个笔记。

使用

使用的时候可以遵循这个顺序,建立需要的Fragment-》建立NavigationGraph并建立跳转链接-》activity中建立NaviHost-》NavController的调用
所以我们先建立两个Fragment我这里就用HomeFragment、DetailFragment示意,在这两个Fragment中都有一个按钮,HomeFragment的按钮点击跳转到DetailFragment,DetailFragment的按钮点击回到HomeFragment。当然我们暂时先把button写出来即可,点击跳转等NavController绑定后填写。
他们的布局如下:
fragment_home.xml




    

fragment_detail.xml



    

第二步创建navigationGraph。在res下新建navigation文件夹,并建立一个要用的graph文件


image.png

当点击新建时会提示需要引入资源,点击ok即可。


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找到刚刚新建的graph文件,选择design模式。
image.png

点击添加Fragment


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使用箭头配置跳转关系
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然后他就能自动帮我们编写代码,最后生成的xml如下:
my_navi_graph.xml


    
        
    
    
        
    

然后activity中建立Navigation容器。
找到activity布局,还是用design模式,搜索框内找到NavHostFragment,拖拽一个NavHostFragment到下面的约束布局中,并撑满全屏。


image.png

然后会让你选择一个graph,我们就选择刚刚新建的即可


image.png

最终activity的布局代码如下:
activity_navigation.xml


    

最后我们在activity中绑定上我们的控制器,

public class NavigationActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private NavController mNavController;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_navigation);
        mNavController = Navigation.findNavController(this, R.id.fragment);
        NavigationUI.setupActionBarWithNavController(this,mNavController);
    }
}

然后就可以设置fragment的点击事件了。
HomeFragment

public class HomeFragment extends Fragment {

    public static HomeFragment newInstance() {
        HomeFragment fragment = new HomeFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        fragment.setArguments(args);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_home, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
        view.findViewById(R.id.button).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(v);
                navController.navigate(R.id.action_homeFragment_to_detailFragment);
            }
        });
    }
}

DetailFragment

public class DetailFragment extends Fragment {

    public static DetailFragment newInstance() {
        DetailFragment fragment = new DetailFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        fragment.setArguments(args);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_detail, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
        view.findViewById(R.id.button2).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(v);
                navController.navigate(R.id.action_detailFragment_to_homeFragment);
            }
        });
    }
}

这样,我们的跳转就算完成了,但是进入DetailFragment 后 actionbar上的返回按钮不能返回到HomeFragment了,原因是我们应该告诉actionbar原来的机制,我们的逻辑由navigation控制了,你们不用操心了,只要在activity中复写onSupportNavigateUp即可

public class NavigationActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private NavController mNavController;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_navigation);
        mNavController = Navigation.findNavController(this, R.id.fragment);
        NavigationUI.setupActionBarWithNavController(this,mNavController);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onSupportNavigateUp() {
        return mNavController.navigateUp() || super.onSupportNavigateUp();
    }
}

跳转动画

选择graph文件,使用design模式,点击你想要添加动画的跳转箭头那根线,右边的Animations就有我们需要的进场动画当然支持自定义也支持默认动画。


image.png

设置完成后,xml代码就会自定生成


image.png

传值

传统的fragment传值是通过Bundle传值,他存在明显的缺点,比如A传值给B,B在接收的时候必须知道A传过来的KEY和值得数据类型,不然就会报错。而Navigation对此也进行了修改。
Navigation传值需要引入插件,在整个工程的gradle中引入 classpath 'androidx.navigation:navigation-safe-args-gradle-plugin:2.3.0-alpha06' 如图:


image.png

然后在需要的model中的gradle引入apply plugin: 'androidx.navigation.safeargs'


image.png

然后我们找到graph文件,在需要的地方加上传值


image.png

        

然后build一下工程,插件会生成一些代码。
我们是添加在Home跳Detail的跳转中,所以我们在Home的按钮点击实践中传入值。


image.png
public class HomeFragment extends Fragment {

    public static HomeFragment newInstance() {
        HomeFragment fragment = new HomeFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        fragment.setArguments(args);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_home, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
        view.findViewById(R.id.button).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Bundle bundle = new HomeFragmentArgs.Builder()
                        .setUserName("yanjin")
                        .setAge(25).build().toBundle();
                NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(v);
                navController.navigate(R.id.action_homeFragment_to_detailFragment,bundle);
            }
        });
    }
}

在DetailFragment取值。

public class DetailFragment extends Fragment {

    public static DetailFragment newInstance() {
        DetailFragment fragment = new DetailFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        fragment.setArguments(args);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        if(getArguments() != null){
            HomeFragmentArgs fragmentArgs = HomeFragmentArgs.fromBundle(getArguments());
            String userName = fragmentArgs.getUserName();
            int age = fragmentArgs.getAge();
            Log.d("yanjin","userName = "+userName +" age ="+age);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_detail, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
        view.findViewById(R.id.button2).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(v);
                navController.navigate(R.id.action_detailFragment_to_homeFragment);
            }
        });
    }
}

NavigationUI

NavigationUI是为了方便管理actionBar引入的。比如我们在Home的actionBar上面加入一个menu,点击跳转到Detail中,涉及到actionBar就能用到NavigationUI。
新建一个menu


image.png

menu_settings.xml



    

记住这里的android:id="@+id/detailFragment"一定和graph里面的id一致,跳哪个页面填哪个。
然后activity中设置appbar

public class NavigationActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private NavController mNavController;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_navigation);
        mNavController = Navigation.findNavController(this, R.id.fragment);
        AppBarConfiguration appBarConfiguration = new AppBarConfiguration.Builder(mNavController.getGraph()).build();
        NavigationUI.setupActionBarWithNavController(this,mNavController,appBarConfiguration);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onSupportNavigateUp() {
        return mNavController.navigateUp() || super.onSupportNavigateUp();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_settings,menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
        return NavigationUI.onNavDestinationSelected(item,mNavController) || super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

深层链接之PendingIntent

在开发中,我们可能需要点击通知跳转到一个activity下的第N个fragment,所以就用到PendingIntent,Navigation刚好支持在activity中的多个fragment中显示第N个,所以,我们来举个例子。
我们在HomeFragment中点击一个按钮出现通知,点击通知跳转到DetailFragment。
首先home的布局添加一个按钮




    

然后点击按钮后提示弹窗并且按钮notify绑定pendingIntent

public class HomeFragment extends Fragment {

    private int notificationID;

    public static HomeFragment newInstance() {
        HomeFragment fragment = new HomeFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        fragment.setArguments(args);
        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_home, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
        view.findViewById(R.id.button).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Bundle bundle = new HomeFragmentArgs.Builder()
                        .setUserName("yanjin")
                        .setAge(25).build().toBundle();
                NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(v);
                navController.navigate(R.id.action_homeFragment_to_detailFragment,bundle);
            }
        });
        view.findViewById(R.id.button3).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                customNotify();
            }
        });
    }

    private void customNotify() {
        //26以上需要渠道
        if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O){
            NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(getActivity().getPackageName(),"MyChannel", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT);
            channel.setDescription("My NotificationChannel");
            NotificationManager notificationManager = getActivity().getSystemService(NotificationManager.class);
            notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
        }
        Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(getActivity(), getActivity().getPackageName())
                .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_foreground)
                .setContentTitle("Deep Link")
                .setContentText("点击跳转")
                .setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_DEFAULT)
                .setContentIntent(getPendingIntent()).build();
        NotificationManagerCompat notificationManagerCompat = NotificationManagerCompat.from(getActivity());
        notificationManagerCompat.notify(notificationID++,notification);
    }

    private PendingIntent getPendingIntent() {
        return Navigation.findNavController(getActivity(),R.id.button)
                .createDeepLink()
                .setGraph(R.navigation.my_navi_graph)
                .setDestination(R.id.detailFragment)
                .createPendingIntent();
    }
}

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