Around the Moon with NASA’s First Launch of SLS with Orion（原文链接）
"阿耳忒弥斯1号"深空探索计划介绍（英文翻译）
原文：
Artemis I, formerly Exploration Mission-1, will be the first integrated test of NASA’s deep space exploration systems: the Orion spacecraft, Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and the ground systems at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The first in a series of increasingly complex missions, Artemis I will be an uncrewed flight test that will provide a foundation for human deep space exploration, and demonstrate our commitment and capability to extend human existence to the Moon and beyond.
During this flight, the spacecraft will launch on the most powerful rocket in the world and fly farther than any spacecraft built for humans has ever flown. It will travel 280,000 miles from Earth, thousands of miles beyond the Moon over the course of about a four to six-week mission. Orion will stay in space longer than any ship for astronauts has done without docking to a space station and return home faster and hotter than ever before.
“This is a mission that truly will do what hasn’t been done and learn what isn’t known,” said Mike Sarafin, Artemis I mission manager at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “It will blaze a trail that people will follow on the next Orion flight, pushing the edges of the envelope to prepare for that mission.”
翻译：
“阿耳忒弥斯1号”(前身为“探索任务1号”)是美国宇航局(NASA)的深空探索项目——由猎户座(Orion)飞船、太空发射系统(SLS)火箭以及位于佛州卡纳维拉尔角的肯尼迪航天中心(Kennedy Space Center )地面系统共同而组成的首次综合实验。这项实验也是一系列日渐复杂任务中的第一个任务，“阿耳忒弥斯1号”将成为人类深空探索历史上具有里程碑意义的无人驾驶飞行实验，同时也展示了NASA把人类的生存空间延伸到月球及其他星球的承诺和能力。
在这次飞行中，“猎户座”号将搭载世界上最强大的火箭发射升空，飞行距离比所有载人航天器都要远。它将在距离地球28万英里的地方航行，在4到6周的任务期间飞越月球以外数千英里的地方。“猎户座”号在太空中停留的时间比所有没有和空间站对接的航天器都长，返回速度和承受温度的挑战也是前所未有的。
“这是一个真正能够挑战未知的任务，”位于华盛顿NASA总部的“阿耳忒弥斯1号”项目经理迈克 · 萨拉芬(Mike Sarafin)说。“它将为“猎户座”号下一次载人飞行开辟一条道路，并通过这次任务拓宽人类认知的领域。”
原文：
Leaving Earth
SLS and Orion will blast off from Launch Complex 39B at NASA’s modernized spaceport at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The SLS rocket is designed for missions beyond low-Earth orbit carrying crew or cargo to the Moon and beyond, and will produce 8.8 million pounds of thrust during liftoff and ascent to loft a vehicle weighing nearly six million pounds to orbit. Propelled by a pair of five segment boosters and four RS-25 engines, the rocket will reach the period of greatest atmospheric force within ninety seconds. After jettisoning the boosters, service module panels, and launch abort system, the core stage engines will shut down and the core stage will separate from the spacecraft.
As the spacecraft makes an orbit of Earth, it will deploy its solar arrays and the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (ICPS) will give Orion the big push needed to leave Earth’s orbit and travel toward the Moon. From there, Orion will separate from the ICPS within about two hours after launch. The ICPS will then deploy a number of small satellites, known as CubeSats, to perform several experiments and technology demonstrations.
翻译：
离开地球
SLS和“猎户座”号将从位于佛罗里达州肯尼迪航天中心的NASA现代化航天港39B发射升空。 SLS火箭设计用于近地轨道以外的任务，将机组人员或货物运送到月球和更远的地方，在升空和上升过程中，将产生880万磅的推力，将一架重近600万磅的飞行器送入轨道。 由一对五段助推器和四台RS-25发动机推动，火箭在90秒内能进入到最大推力时期。在丢弃助推器、服务模块板和发射中止器之后，主发动机将停止运转并与航天器分离。
当航天器进入地球轨道时，它将展开太阳能面板，临时低温推进级(ICPS)将给予“猎户座”号离开地球轨道前往月球所需的巨大推力。“猎户座”号将在发射后两小时内与 ICPS 分离。ICPS 随后将部署一些被称为“立方体微卫星”的小型卫星，以进行一些实验和技术演示。
原文：
On to the Moon
As Orion continues on its path from Earth orbit to the Moon, it will be propelled by a service module provided by the European Space Agency, which will supply the spacecraft’s main propulsion system and power (as well as house air and water for astronauts on future missions). Orion will pass through the Van Allen radiation belts, fly past the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite constellation and above communication satellites in Earth orbit. To talk with mission control in Houston, Orion will switch from NASA’s Tracking and Data Relay Satellites system and communicate through the Deep Space Network. From here, Orion will continue to demonstrate its unique design to navigate, communicate, and operate in a deep space environment.
The outbound trip to the Moon will take several days, during which time engineers will evaluate the spacecraft’s systems and, as needed, correct its trajectory. Orion will fly about 62 miles (100 km) above the surface of the Moon, and then use the Moon’s gravitational force to propel Orion into a new deep retrograde, or opposite, orbit about 40,000 miles (70,000 km) from the Moon.
The spacecraft will stay in that orbit for approximately six days to collect data and allow mission controllers to assess the performance of the spacecraft. During this period, Orion will travel in a direction around the Moon retrograde from the direction the Moon travels around Earth.
翻译：
绕月飞行
在“猎户座”号离开地球轨道前往月球的路径中，将由欧洲航天局(ESA)提供驱动服务模块，该模块将为航天器提供主要推进系统和动力(以及为未来任务中的宇航员提供空气和水)。 “猎户座”号将飞范艾伦辐射带、全球定位系统（GPS）星座以及地球轨道上的通信卫星带。 为了保持与休斯顿的任务控制中心的通讯，“猎户座”号将切换到NASA的跟踪数据中继卫星系统，通过深空网络(Deep Space Network)进行通信。 从这里开始，“猎户座”号将继续展示其独特的设计，在深空环境中导航、交流和操作。
前往月球的旅程将需要几天时间，在此期间，工程师将评估航天器的系统，并在需要时纠正其运行轨道。“猎户座”号将在月球表面上空飞行62英里(100公里) ，然后利用月球引力反向推动“猎户座”号进入一个新的逆行轨道，距离月球约有4万英里(7万公里)。
航天器将在该轨道停留大约6天收集数据，并允许任务控制员评估航天器的性能。 在此期间，“猎户座”号将沿着围绕月球的方向，从月球围绕地球的方向逆行。
原文：
Return and Reentry
For its return trip to Earth, Orion will do another close flyby that takes the spacecraft within about 60 miles of the Moon’s surface, the spacecraft will use another precisely timed engine firing of the European-provided service module in conjunction with the Moon’s gravity to accelerate back toward Earth. This maneuver will set the spacecraft on its trajectory back toward Earth to enter our planet’s atmosphere traveling at 25,000 mph (11 kilometers per second), producing temperatures of approximately 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit (2,760 degrees Celsius) – faster and hotter than Orion experienced during its 2014 flight test.
After about three weeks and a total distance traveled exceeding 1.3 million miles, the mission will end with a test of Orion’s capability to return safely to the Earth as the spacecraft makes a precision landing within eyesight of the recovery ship off the coast of Baja, California. Following splashdown, Orion will remain powered for a period of time as divers from the U.S. Navy and operations teams from NASA’s Exploration Ground Systems approach in small boats from the waiting recovery ship. The divers will briefly inspect the spacecraft for hazards and hook up tending and tow lines, and then engineers will tow the capsule into the well-deck of the recovery ship to bring the spacecraft home.
翻译：
返回地面
为了返回地球，“猎户座”号将进行另一次近距离飞行，将航天器带到离月球表面约60英里的地方，航天器将使用欧洲提供的另一个精确定时的发动机，结合月球的重力加速返回地球。 这一动作将使航天器回到地球的轨道上，并以25000英里/小时（每秒11公里）的速度进入地球的大气层，产生约5000华氏度（2760摄氏度）的温度，比“猎户座”号在2014年飞行测试中所经历的速度和温度还快。
经过大约三个星期，总行程超过130万英里，在任务结束时将测试“猎户座”号飞船安全返回地球的能力，飞船将在加利福尼亚州巴哈海岸附近的回收船的视线范围内精准着陆。落入海中的“猎户座”号在一段时间内仍保持动力，此时美国海军的潜水员和NASA探索地面系统的行动小组从等待中的回收船上乘坐小船接近它。潜水员简要地检查航天器是否存在危险后，用牵引线把它们连接起来，然后工程师把太空舱拖到回收船的井甲板上，把航天器带回家。
原文：
Future Missions
With this first exploration mission, NASA is leading the next steps of human exploration into deep space where astronauts will build and begin testing the systems near the Moon needed for lunar surface missions and exploration to other destinations farther from Earth, including Mars. The second flight will take crew on a different trajectory and test Orion’s critical systems with humans aboard. The SLS rocket will evolve from an initial configuration capable of sending more than 26 metric tons to the Moon, to a final configuration that can send at least 45 metric tons. Together, Orion, SLS and the ground systems at Kennedy will be able to meet the most challenging crew and cargo mission needs in deep space.
Future exploration missions with crew aboard Orion will assemble and dock with a Gateway. NASA and its partners will use the gateway for deep-space operations including missions to and on the Moon with decreasing reliance on the Earth. Using lunar orbit, we will gain the experience necessary to extend human exploration farther into the solar system than ever before.
翻译：
未来使命
通过首次月球探索任务，NASA即将引领人类走向探索深空的下一步行动，宇航员将在月球附近建造并开始测试月球表面任务所需的系统，并探索离地球更远的其他目的地，包括火星。 第二次飞行会携带机组人员进入不同的轨道，并在载人的情况下测试“猎户座”号的关键系统。 SLS火箭将从能够向月球发射超过26公吨的初始配置发展到至少45公吨的最终配置。 “猎户座”号、SLS和肯尼迪地面系统将共同满足深空中最具挑战性的客运和货运的任务需求。
未来的探索任务还包括由“猎户座”号上的宇航员完成网关(Gateway)的组装和对接。 NASA及其合作伙伴将利用这一门户进行深空作业，包括登月和月面任务，减少人类对地球的依赖。 利用月球轨道我们将获得所需的经验，使人类的探索比以往任何时候都更加深入太阳系。