二进制部署k8s高可用集群
Kubernetes 部署高可用集群
集群环境准备
主机规划
| 主机IP地址 | 主机名 | 配置 | 角色 | 软件列表 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 192.168.220.20 | master01 | 2C2G | master | kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubelet、kube-proxy、Containerd、runc |
| 192.168.220.21 | master02 | 2C2G | master | kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd、kubelet、kube-proxy、Containerd、runc |
| 192.168.220.22 | node01 | 2C2G | worker | kubelet、kube-proxy、Containerd、runc |
| 192.168.220.20 | master01 | 2C2G | LB | haproxy、keepalived |
| 192.168.220.21 | master02 | 2C2G | LB | haproxy、keepalived |
| 192.168.220.100 | / | / | VIP |
软件版本
| 软件名称 | 版本 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| CentOS7 | kernel版本：5.17 | |
| kubernetes | v1.21.10 | |
| etcd | v3.5.2 | 最新版本 |
| calico | v3.19.4 | |
| coredns | v1.8.4 | |
| containerd | 1.6.1 | |
| runc | 1.1.0 | |
| haproxy | 5.18 | YUM源默认 |
| keepalived | 3.5 | YUM源默认 |
网络分配
| 网络名称 | 网段 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| Node网络 | 192.168.10.0/24 | |
| Service网络 | 10.96.0.0/16 | |
| Pod网络 | 10.244.0.0/16 |
集群部署
主机准备
主机名设置
# 主机名按照规划中进行设置，例:
[root@base_01 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master01
配置 hosts 文件
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.220.20 master01
192.168.220.21 master02
192.168.220.22 node01
EOF
关闭防火墙
[root@base_01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@base_01 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@base_01 ~]# firewall-cmd --state
关闭 selinux
# 暂时关闭 SELINUX
[root@base_01 ~]# setenforce 0
# 修改 /etc/selinux/config 文件，将状态改为关闭，重启后生效
[root@base_01 ~]# sed -ri 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
# 查看 SELINUX 状态
[root@base_01 ~]# sestatus
关闭 swap 交换分区
# 临时关闭 swap 交换分区
[root@base_01 ~]# swapoff -a
# 修改 /etc/fstab 文件，关闭交换分区，重启后生效
[root@base_01 ~]# sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
# 添加系统内核参数 vm.swappiness=0 关闭交换分区并使其生效，不需要重启系统
[root@base_01 ~]# echo "vm.swappiness=0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@base_01 ~]# sysctl -p
主机时间同步
# 下载 ntpdate 时间同步包
[root@base_01 ~]# yum -y install ntpdate
# 制定时间同步计划任务
[root@base_01 ~]# crontab -e
0 */1 * * * ntpdate time1.aliyun.com
limit 优化
# 临时限制
[root@base_01 ~]# ulimit -SHn 65535
# 写入到文件
[root@base_01 ~]# cat <> /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
EOF
ipvs 管理工具安装及模块加载
为集群节点安装，负载均衡节点不用安装
[root@base_01 ~]# yum -y install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp
# 临时加载模块，所有节点配置ipvs模块，在内核4.19+版本nf_conntrack_ipv4已经改为nf_conntrack， 4.18以下使用nf_conntrack_ipv4即可：
[root@base_01 ~]# modprobe -- ip_vs
[root@base_01 ~]# modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
[root@base_01 ~]# modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
[root@base_01 ~]# modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
[root@base_01 ~]# modprobe -- nf_conntrack
# 创建 /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf 并加入以下内容
[root@base_01 ~]# cat >/etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf <
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
EOF
加载 containerd 相关内核模块
# 临时加载模块
[root@base_01 ~]# modprobe overlay
[root@base_01 ~]# modprobe br_netfilter
# 永久性加载模块
[root@base_01 ~]# cat > /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf << EOF
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF
# 设置加载模块开机启动
[root@base_01 ~]# systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service
Linux 内核升级
在所有节点中安装，需要操作系统更换内核
# 安装 perl
[root@base_01 ~]# yum -y install perl
# 安装 GPG-KEY
[root@base_01 ~]# rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
# 安装 elpo yum 源
[root@base_01 ~]# yum -y install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
# 安装内核
[root@base_01 ~]# yum --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" -y install kernel-ml.x86_64
# 修改引导菜单
[root@base_01 ~]# grub2-set-default 0
[root@base_01 ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
修改内核参数
# 优化内核
[root@base_01 ~]# cat < /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 131072
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
EOF
# 使配置生效
[root@base_01 ~]# sysctl --system
# 所有节点配置完内核后，重启服务器，保证重启后内核依旧加载
[root@base_01 ~]# reboot -h now
# 重启后查看ipvs模块加载情况：
[root@master01 ~]# lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack
# 重启后查看containerd相关模块加载情况：
[root@master01 ~]# lsmod | egrep 'br_netfilter | overlay'
负载均衡器准备
安装haproxy和keeplievd
[root@master01 ~]# yum -y install haproxy keepalived
HaProxy 配置
cat >/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg<<"EOF"
global
maxconn 2000
ulimit-n 16384
log 127.0.0.1 local0 err
stats timeout 30s
defaults
log global
mode http
option httplog
timeout connect 5000
timeout client 50000
timeout server 50000
timeout http-request 15s
timeout http-keep-alive 15s
frontend monitor-in
bind *:33305
mode http
option httplog
monitor-uri /monitor
frontend k8s-master
bind 0.0.0.0:6535
bind 127.0.0.1:6535
mode tcp
option tcplog
tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
default_backend k8s-master
backend k8s-master
mode tcp
option tcplog
option tcp-check
balance roundrobin
default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
server master01 192.168.220.20:6443 check
server master02 192.168.220.21:6443 check
EOF
Keepalived 配置
主从配置不一致，需要注意
# 主：
cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf<<"EOF"
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
interval 5
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens32
mcast_src_ip 192.168.220.20
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 2
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.220.100
}
track_script {
chk_apiserver
}
}
EOF
# 从：
cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf<<"EOF"
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id LVS_DEVEL
script_user root
enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
interval 5
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens32
mcast_src_ip 192.168.220.21
virtual_router_id 51
priority 99
advert_int 2
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.220.100
}
track_script {
chk_apiserver
}
}
EOF
健康检查脚本
cat > /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh <<"EOF"
#!/bin/bash
err=0
for k in $(seq 1 3)
do
check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)
if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then
err=$(expr $err + 1)
sleep 1
continue
else
err=0
break
fi
done
if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then
echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
/usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh
启动服务并验证
# 启动服务
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl enable --now haproxy keepalived
# 验证
[root@master01 ~]# ip a s
配置免密登录
在 master01 上操作
# 生成密钥文件
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-keygen
# 传输密钥对
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id master01
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id master02
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id worker1
部署 etcd 集群
以下为准备工作，在master01上操作即可
创建工作目录
[root@master01 ~]# mkdir /opt/packages
# 获取 cfssl 工具
[root@master01 ~]# cd /opt/packages/
[root@master01 packages]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
[root@master01 packages]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
[root@master01 packages]# wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
# cfssl是使用go编写，由CloudFlare开源的一款PKI/TLS工具。主要程序有：
# - cfssl，是CFSSL的命令行工具
# - cfssljson用来从cfssl程序获取JSON输出，并将证书，密钥，CSR和bundle写入文件中
# 赋予执行权限
[root@master01 packages]# chmod +x cf*
# 将 cfssl 工具 cp 至 /usr/local/bin 下
[root@master01 packages]# cp ./cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
[root@master01 packages]# cp ./cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
[root@master01 packages]# cp ./cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl-certinfo
# 查看 cfssl 版本
[root@master01 packages]# cfssl version
创建CA证书
# 配置 ca 证书请求文件
[root@master01 cert]# cat > ca-csr.json <<"EOF"
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Beijing",
"L": "Beijing",
"O": "kubemsb",
"OU": "CN"
}
],
"ca": {
"expiry": "87600h"
}
}
EOF
# 创建 ca 证书
[root@master01 cert]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
[root@master01 cert]# ls
ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem
# 配置 ca 证书策略
# cfssl print-defaults config > ca-config.json 生成默认策略
[root@master01 cert]# cat > ca-config.json <<"EOF"
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
],
"expiry": "87600h"
}
}
}
}
EOF
# server auth 表示client可以对使用该ca对server提供的证书进行验证
# client auth 表示server可以使用该ca对client提供的证书进行验证
创建 etcd 证书
# 配置 ectd 请求文件
[root@master01 cert]# cat > etcd-csr.json <<"EOF"
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.220.20",
"192.168.220.21"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Beijing",
"L": "Beijing",
"O": "kubemsb",
"OU": "CN"
}]
}
EOF
# 生成 etcd 证书
[root@master01 cert]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd
在所有主节点进行配置
etcd 下载
etcd 软件包也可在 github 下载
# 下载 etcd 软件包
[root@master01 packages]# wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.2/etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# 解压 etcd 软件包，并将 etcd 可执行文件 cp 至 /usr/local/bin 下
[root@master01 softwares]# tar xf etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@master01 softwares]# cp ./etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/
# 查看当前 etcd 版本
[root@master01 softwares]# etcdctl version
etcdctl version: 3.5.2
API version: 3.5
# 将 etcd 可执行文件 分发至其他 master 服务器
[root@master01 softwares]# scp ./etcd-v3.5.2-linux-amd64/etcd* root@master02:/usr/local/bin/
配置 etcd
# 创建 etcd 配置目录，以及数据目录
[root@master01 ~]# mkdir /etc/etcd
[root@master01 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/data/etcd/default.etcd
# master01 配置文件
[root@master01 ~]# cat > /etc/etcd/etcd.conf <<"EOF"
# 成员信息
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/opt/data/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.220.20:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.220.20:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
# 集群信息
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.220.20:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.220.20:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.220.20:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.220.21:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
# master02 配置文件
[root@master02 ~]# cat > /etc/etcd/etcd.conf <<"EOF"
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd2"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/opt/data/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.220.21:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.220.21:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.220.21:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.220.21:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.220.20:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.220.21:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
# 配置文件说明
# ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
# ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
# ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
# ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
# ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
# ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
# ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
# ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
# ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群
创建服务配置文件
# 创建 etcd 证书存放目录
[root@master01 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl
# cp 证书到指定目录
[root@master01 cert]# cp ./ca*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl/
[root@master01 cert]# cp ./etcd*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl/
# 将证书同步至其他 master 节点
[root@master01 ~]# scp -r /etc/etcd/ssl/ master02:/etc/etcd/ssl/
# 编写服务启动文件
[root@master01 ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service <<"EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf # 指定配置文件位置
WorkingDirectory=/opt/data/etcd/ # 指定工作目录
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \ # 指定 etcd 证书位置
--key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \ # 指定 etcd 证书 key 位置
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ # 指定受信任 ca 证书位置
--peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \ # 指定成员 etcd 证书位置
--peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \ # 指定成员 etcd 证书 key 位置
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ # 指定成员受信任 ca 证书位置
--peer-client-cert-auth \ # 成员客户端认证
--client-cert-auth # 客户端认证
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
启动 etcd 集群
# 启动 etcd 服务
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl enable --now etcd.service
# 查看服务启动状态
[root@master01 ssl]# systemctl status etcd
# 验证集群状态
# 查看端点是否健康，ETCDCTL_API 指定api版本，也可不指定
[root@master01 ssl]# ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.220.20:2379,https://192.168.220.21:2379 endpoint health
# 查看 etcd 成员列表
[root@master01 ~]# ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.220.20:2379,https://192.168.220.21:2379 member list
+------------------+---------+-------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+
| ID | STATUS | NAME | PEER ADDRS | CLIENT ADDRS | IS LEARNER |
+------------------+---------+-------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+
| 32278b01af1acefd | started | etcd1 | https://192.168.220.20:2380 | https://192.168.220.20:2379 | false |
| 598347348868c61c | started | etcd2 | https://192.168.220.21:2380 | https://192.168.220.21:2379 | false |
+------------------+---------+-------+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+
# 查看 etcd 集群信息
[root@master01 ~]# ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl --write-out=table --cacert=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.220.20:2379,https://192.168.220.21:2379 endpoint status
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
| ENDPOINT | ID | VERSION | DB SIZE | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
| https://192.168.220.20:2379 | 32278b01af1acefd | 3.5.2 | 20 kB | true | false | 2 | 11 | 11 | |
| https://192.168.220.21:2379 | 598347348868c61c | 3.5.2 | 20 kB | false | false | 2 | 11 | 11 | |
+-----------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+
Kubernetes 集群部署
kubernetes 软件包下载及安装
# 下载软件包，也可至官方网站进行下载
[root@master01 softwares]# wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.21.10/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# 解压软件包
[root@master01 softwares]# tar -xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubectl 到 master 节点
[root@master01 bin]# cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kubectl kube-scheduler /usr/local/bin/
# cp kubelet kube-proxy 到 worker 节点，master 节点也可安装
[root@master01 bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy node01:/usr/local/bin/
# 在所有集群节点创建目录
[root@master01 bin]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/
[root@master01 bin]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl
[root@master01 bin]# mkdir -p /opt/log/kubernetes
部署 api-server
# 创建 apiserver 证书请求文件
[root@master01 cert]# cat > kube-apiserver-csr.json << "EOF"
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.220.20",
"192.168.220.21",
"192.168.220.22",
"192.168.220.100",
"10.96.0.1",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Beijing",
"L": "Beijing",
"O": "kubemsb",
"OU": "CN"
}
]
}
EOF
# 说明：
# 如果 hosts 字段不为空则需要指定授权使用该证书的 IP（含VIP） 或域名列表。由于该证书被 集群使# 用，需要将节点的IP都填上，为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
# 同时还需要填写 service 网络的首个IP(一般是 kube-apiserver 指定的 service-cluster-ip- # range 网段的第一个IP，如 10.96.0.1)。
# 生成 apiserver 证书及 token文件
[root@master01 cert]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-apiserver
# 新建 token.csv 文件，用于后期工作节点动态颁发证书
[root@master01 cert]# cat > token.csv << EOF
$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '),kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF
# 说明：
# 创建TLS机制所需TOKEN
# TLS Bootstraping：Master apiserver启用TLS认证后，Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy与
# kube-apiserver进行通信，必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以，当Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁# 发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程，Kubernetes引入了TLS
# bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书，kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书，# kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式，目前主要用于
# kubelet，kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。
创建 apiserver 服务配置文件
# master01 配置文件
[root@master01 ~]# cat > /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
--anonymous-auth=false \
--bind-address=192.168.220.20 \ # 绑定地址
--secure-port=6443 \ # 安全端口
--advertise-address=192.168.220.20 \ # 通告地址
--insecure-port=0 \ # 非安全端口是否开启，0表示禁用，若需要开启将0改为8080即可
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \ # 认证模式
--runtime-config=api/all=true \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \ # service客户端的范围
--token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \ # service 开放端口的范围
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
--kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--service-account-issuer=api \
--etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.220.20:2379,https://192.168.220.21:2379 \
--enable-swagger-ui=true \
--allow-privileged=true \
--apiserver-count=3 \
--audit-log-maxage=30 \
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \
--audit-log-path=/opt/log/api-server/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
--event-ttl=1h \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/opt/log/api-server \
--v=4"
EOF
# master02 服务配置文件
[root@master02 ~]# cat > /etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota \
--anonymous-auth=false \
--bind-address=192.168.220.21 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.220.21 \
--insecure-port=0 \
--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
--runtime-config=api/all=true \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \
--token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem \
--kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--service-account-issuer=api \
--etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.220.20:2379,https://192.168.220.21:2379 \
--enable-swagger-ui=true \
--allow-privileged=true \
--apiserver-count=3 \
--audit-log-maxage=30 \
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \
--audit-log-path=/opt/log/api-server/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
--event-ttl=1h \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/opt/log/api-server \
--v=4"
EOF
创建 apiserver 服务管理配置文件
[root@master01 ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=etcd.service
Wants=etcd.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
# 同步文件到集群 master 节点
[root@master01 cert]# cp ca*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@master01 cert]# cp kube-apiserver*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@master01 cert]# cp token.csv /etc/kubernetes/
[root@master01 cert]# scp token.csv ca*.pem kube-apiserver*.pem master02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
启动 apiserver 服务
[root@master01 cert]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master01 cert]# systemctl enable --now kube-apiserver
# 测试
[root@master01 cert]# curl --insecure https://192.168.220.20:6535
{
"kind": "Status",
"apiVersion": "v1",
"metadata": {
},
"status": "Failure",
"message": "Unauthorized",
"reason": "Unauthorized",
"code": 401
}
[root@master01 cert]# curl --insecure https://192.168.220.21:6535
{
"kind": "Status",
"apiVersion": "v1",
"metadata": {
},
"status": "Failure",
"message": "Unauthorized",
"reason": "Unauthorized",
"code": 401
}
[root@master01 cert]# curl --insecure https://192.168.220.100:6535
{
"kind": "Status",
"apiVersion": "v1",
"metadata": {
},
"status": "Failure",
"message": "Unauthorized",
"reason": "Unauthorized",
"code": 401
}
部署 kubectl
创建 kubectl 证书请求文件
[root@master01 cert]# cat > admin-csr.json << "EOF"
{
"CN": "admin",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Beijing",
"L": "Beijing",
"O": "system:masters",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
EOF
# 说明：
# 后续 kube-apiserver 使用 RBAC 对客户端(如 kubelet、kube-proxy、Pod)请求进行授权；
# kube-apiserver 预定义了一些 RBAC 使用的 RoleBindings，如 cluster-admin 将 Group system:masters 与 Role cluster-admin 绑定，该 Role 授予了调用kube-apiserver 的所有
# API的权限；
# O指定该证书的 Group 为 system:masters，kubelet 使用该证书访问 kube-apiserver 时 ，由于证书被 CA 签名，所以认证通过，同时由于证书用户组为经过预授权的 system:masters，所以被授予访问所有 API 的权限；
# 注：
# 这个admin 证书，是将来生成管理员用的kubeconfig 配置文件用的，现在我们一般建议使用RBAC 来对# kubernetes 进行角色权限控制， kubernetes 将证书中的CN 字段 作为User， O 字段作Group；
# "O": "system:masters", 必须是system:masters，否则后面kubectl create clusterrolebinding报错。
# 生成证书文件
[root@master01 cert]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
# 复制文件到指定目录
[root@master01 cert]# cp admin*pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
生成 kubeconfig 配置文件
kube.config 为 kubectl 的配置文件，包含访问 apiserver 的所有信息，如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书
# 配置管理的集群以及证书和证书访问链接
[root@master01 ssl]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.220.100:6535 --kubeconfig=/root/.kube/kube.config
# 配置证书角色 admin
[root@master01 ssl]# kubectl config set-credentials admin --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/admin.pem --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/admin-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/root/.kube/kube.config
# 设置安全上下文
[root@master01 ssl]# kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=admin --kubeconfig=/root/.kube/kube.config
# 使用安全上下文进行管理
[root@master01 ssl]# kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/.kube/kube.config
进行角色绑定
[root@master01 ssl]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/.kube/kube.config
查看集群状态
# 为配置文件配置环境变量，最好将其书写进 .bashrc、.bash_profile 或 /etc/profile 文件中
[root@master01 ~]# export KUBECONFIG=$HOME/.kube/kube.config
# 查看集群信息
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.220.100:6535
To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
# 查看集群组件状态
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get componentstatuses
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Unhealthy Get "http://127.0.0.1:10252/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10252: connect: connection refused
scheduler Unhealthy Get "http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: connect: connection refused
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true","reason":""}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true","reason":""}
# 由于controller-manager和scheduler还未安装配置，则状态为Unhealthy
# 查看命名空间中资源对象
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get all --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 25h
同步 kubectl 配置文件到集群其他 master 节点
# 同步证书文件
[root@master01 ~]# scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/admin* master02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
# 同步配置文件
[root@master01 ~]# scp -r /root/.kube/ master02:/root/
# 集群节点验证
[root@master02 ~]# export KUBECONFIG=$HOME/.kube/kube.config
[root@master02 ~]# kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.220.100:6535
To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
[root@master02 ~]# kubectl get componentstatuses
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Unhealthy Get "http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: connect: connection refused
controller-manager Unhealthy Get "http://127.0.0.1:10252/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10252: connect: connection refused
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true","reason":""}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true","reason":""}
[root@master02 ~]# kubectl get all --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 25h
配置 kubectl 命令补全
[root@master02 ~]# yum install -y bash-completion
[root@master02 ~]# source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
[root@master02 ~]# source <(kubectl completion bash)
[root@master02 ~]# kubectl completion bash > ~/.kube/completion.bash.inc
[root@master02 ~]# source '/root/.kube/completion.bash.inc'
[root@master02 ~]# source $HOME/.bash_profile
部署 kube-controller-manager
创建 kube-controller-manager 证书请求文件并完成集群配置
[root@master01 cert]# cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json << "EOF"
{
"CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.220.20",
"192.168.220.21",
"192.168.220.22"
],
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Beijing",
"L": "Beijing",
"O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
EOF
# 说明：
# hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP；
# CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager;
# O 为 system:kube-controller-manager，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings
# system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限
# 创建 kube-controller-manager 证书文件
[root@master01 cert]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
# 创建 kube-controll-manager 证书存放目录，并将证书 cp 至改目录
[root@master01 cert]# cp kube-controller-manager-key.pem kube-controller-manager.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
# 创建 kube-controller-manager 的 kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig 并进行集群配置
# 配置管理的集群以及证书和证书访问链接
[root@master01 cert]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.220.100:6535 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
# 设置集群需要的证书
[root@master01 cert]# kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
# 设置集群访问的安全上下文
[root@master01 cert]# kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
# 使用设置的安全上下文
[root@master01 cert]# kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
创建 kube-controller-manager 配置文件
# 创建 kube-controller-manager 日志目录
[root@master01 ~]# mkdir /opt/logs/control-manager
# 创建 kube-controller-manager 配置文件
[root@master01 cert]# cat > kube-controller-manager.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--port=10252 \ # controller-manager 监听端口
--secure-port=10257 \ # controller-manager 安全端口
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \ # 绑定本地IP
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \ # 引用kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig 文件
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \ # service IP 范围
--cluster-name=kubernetes \ # 集群名称
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \ # 配置集群 ca 证书
--cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \ # 引用集群 ca 证书的key
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \ # 配置 pod IP 范围
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h \
--root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--leader-elect=true \
--feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true \
--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \
--tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
--use-service-account-credentials=true \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/opt/log/control-manager \
--v=2"
EOF
创建服务启动文件
# cp 配置文件到指定目录
[root@master01 cert]# cp kube-controller-manager.conf /etc/kubernetes/
# 配置服务启动文件
[root@master01 cert]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
同步文件到集群 master 节点
# cp 证书文件以及 cont 文件到其他集群节点
[root@master01 kubernetes]# scp kube-controller-manager.* master02:/etc/kubernetes/
[root@master01 ssl]# scp kube-controller-manager* master02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@master01 system]# scp kube-controller-manager.service master02:/usr/lib/systemd/system
启动服务
# 重新加载配置文件
[root@master01 system]# systemctl daemon-reload
# 设置 kube-controller-manager 服务开机自启
[root@master01 system]# systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager
# 查看服务状态
[root@master01 system]# systemctl status kube-controller-manager
# 验证
[root@master01 system]# kubectl get componentstatuses
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Unhealthy Get "http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz": dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: connect: connection refused
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true","reason":""}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true","reason":""}
# 可以看到现在 controller 健康状态为正常，其余master节点均为此操作
部署 kube-scheduler
生成 kube-scheduler 证书请求文件
# 证书请求文件
[root@master01 cert]# cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json << "EOF"
{
"CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
"hosts": [
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.220.20",
"192.168.220.21"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Beijing",
"L": "Beijing",
"O": "system:kube-scheduler",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成 kube-scheduler 证书
[root@master01 cert]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
# 将生成的 kube-scheduler 证书文件 cp 到 /etc/kubenetes/ssl 目录
[root@master01 cert]# cp kube-scheduler.pem kube-scheduler-key.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
**创建 kube-scheduler 的 kubeconfig **
# 配置管理的集群以及证书和证书访问链接
[root@master01 ssl]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.220.100:6535 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
# 设置集群需要的证书
[root@master01 kubernetes]# kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-scheduler.pem --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-scheduler-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
# 设置集群访问的安全上下文
[root@master01 kubernetes]# kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
# 使用设置的安全上下文
[root@master01 kubernetes]# kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
创建服务配置文件以及服务启动文件
# 创建 kube-scheduler 日志目录
[root@master01 ~]# mkdir /opt/logs/scheduler
# 创建服务配置文件
[root@master01 kubernetes]# cat > /etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.conf << "EOF"
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--address=127.0.0.1 \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
--leader-elect=true \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/opt/logs/scheduler \
--v=2"
EOF
# 创建服务启动文件
[root@master01 kubernetes]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
同步文件至集群 master 节点
# 同步 ssl 证书
[root@master01 ~]# scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-scheduler* master02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
# 同步配置文件
[root@master01 ~]# scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.* master02:/etc/kubernetes/
# 同步服务启动文件
[root@master01 ~]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service master02:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
启动 scheduler 服务并验证
# 重新加载配置文件
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
# 启动 scheduler 服务
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler
# 查看服务状态
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl status kube-scheduler
# 查看组件状态
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get componentstatuses
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true","reason":""}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true","reason":""}
# master 所需要的四个节点均正常
Containerd 安装及配置
获取软件包
可以上到 githup 官网上进行下载
或直接使用 wget 下载到指定服务器
[root@worker1 ~]# wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.6.1/cri-containerd-cni-1.6.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# 解压containerd软件包到 /下
[root@worker1 ~]# tar -xf cri-containerd-cni-1.6.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /
# 默认解压后会有如下目录：
# etc
# opt
# usr
# 直接解压到 / 下这样就省去复制文件步骤
生成 containerd 配置文件并修改
# 创建配置文件目录
[root@worker1 ~]# mkdir /etc/containerd
# 生成默认配置模板
[root@worker1 ~]# containerd config default >/etc/containerd/config.toml
# 修改配置文件
[root@worker1 ~]# cat >/etc/containerd/config.toml<
root = "/var/lib/containerd" # 设置工作目录
state = "/run/containerd" # 设置状态存放目录
oom_score = -999
[grpc]
address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock" # 设置 sock 文件存放位置
uid = 0
gid = 0
max_recv_message_size = 16777216
max_send_message_size = 16777216
[debug]
address = ""
uid = 0
gid = 0
level = ""
[metrics]
address = ""
grpc_histogram = false
[cgroup]
path = ""
[plugins]
[plugins.cgroups]
no_prometheus = false
[plugins.cri]
stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
stream_server_port = "0"
enable_selinux = false
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6" # 设置黑盒镜像
stats_collect_period = 10
systemd_cgroup = true # 设置cgroup启动方式
enable_tls_streaming = false
max_container_log_line_size = 16384
[plugins.cri.containerd]
snapshotter = "overlayfs"
no_pivot = false
[plugins.cri.containerd.default_runtime]
runtime_type = "io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"
runtime_engine = ""
runtime_root = ""
[plugins.cri.containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
runtime_type = ""
runtime_engine = ""
runtime_root = ""
[plugins.cri.cni]
bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
conf_template = "/etc/cni/net.d/10-default.conf"
[plugins.cri.registry]
[plugins.cri.registry.mirrors]
[plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."docker.io"]
endpoint = [
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
"http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
]
[plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."gcr.io"]
endpoint = [
"https://gcr.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
]
[plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."k8s.gcr.io"]
endpoint = [
"https://gcr.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/google-containers/"
]
[plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."quay.io"]
endpoint = [
"https://quay.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
]
[plugins.cri.registry.mirrors."harbor.kubemsb.com"]
endpoint = [
"http://harbor.kubemsb.com"
]
[plugins.cri.x509_key_pair_streaming]
tls_cert_file = ""
tls_key_file = ""
[plugins.diff-service]
default = ["walking"]
[plugins.linux]
shim = "containerd-shim"
runtime = "runc"
runtime_root = ""
no_shim = false
shim_debug = false
[plugins.opt]
path = "/opt/containerd"
[plugins.restart]
interval = "10s"
[plugins.scheduler]
pause_threshold = 0.02
deletion_threshold = 0
mutation_threshold = 100
schedule_delay = "0s"
startup_delay = "100ms"
EOF
安装 runc
由于上述软件包中包含的runc对系统依赖过多，所以建议单独下载安装。
默认runc执行时提示：runc: symbol lookup error: runc: undefined symbol: seccomp_notify_respond
使用 github 下载
# 直接使用 wget 下载
[root@worker1 ~]# wget https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.1.0/runc.amd64
# 下载之后赋予 runc 执行权限，并替换掉源软件包中的 runc
[root@worker1 ~]# chmod +x runc.amd64
[root@worker1 ~]# mv runc.amd64 /usr/local/sbin/runc
# 查看当前 runc 的版本
[root@worker1 ~]# runc -v
runc version 1.1.0
commit: v1.1.0-0-g067aaf85
spec: 1.0.2-dev
go: go1.17.6
libseccomp: 2.5.3
启动 containerd 服务
# 启动服务并设置为开机自启
[root@worker1 ~]# systemctl enable --now containerd
# 查看服务状态
[root@worker1 ~]# systemctl status --now containerd
注意：docker容器管理 方式以及 containerd 管理方式选择其中一种即可
Docker 安装及配置
官网下载 docker-compose: https://github.com/docker/compose/releases
官网限制 docker： https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64 可以使用 yum 安装
yum -y install docker-ce-19.03.*
部署安装docker
# 解压 docker 压缩包，可以去官网下载最新的 docker
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf docker-18.06.3-ce.tgz
# cp docker目录下的二进制文件到 /usr/local/bin
[root@localhost ~]# cp docker/* /usr/local/bin/
# cp docker-compose 命令到 /usr/local/bin
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x docker-compose-linux-x86_64 && cp docker-compose-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# 配置 docker service 文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service <
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutSec=0
RestartSec=2
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TasksMax=infinity
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
OOMScoreAdjust=-500
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
# 配置 docker daemon.json 文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat >/etc/docker/daemon.json <
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://651cp807.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
"http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
],
"insecure-registries": ["https://harbor.images.io:9181"], # 私有仓库地址，这里需要跟harbor保持一致
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"max-concurrent-downloads": 10,
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-level": "warn",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "10m",
"max-file": "3"
},
"data-root": "/opt/data/docker"
}
EOF
# 启动docker服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now docker
# 查看 docker 版本信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client:
Version: 18.06.3-ce
API version: 1.38
Go version: go1.10.4
Git commit: d7080c1
Built: Wed Feb 20 02:24:22 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server:
Engine:
Version: 18.06.3-ce
API version: 1.38 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: d7080c1
Built: Wed Feb 20 02:25:33 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
部署 kubelet
在 master01 上操作
创建 kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 取出存放在 token.csv 中的 token
[root@master01 cert]# BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(awk -F "," '{print $1}' /etc/kubernetes/token.csv)
# 配置管理的集群以及证书和证书访问链接
[root@master01 ssl]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.220.100:6535 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置集群需要的证书
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置集群的安全上下文
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置使用集群的安全上下文
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 创建绑定角色 cluster-system-anonymous
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=kubelet-bootstrap
# 创建角色kubelet-bootstrap
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 验证
#
[root@master01 kubernetes]# kubectl describe clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous
Name: cluster-system-anonymous
Labels:
Annotations:
Role:
Kind: ClusterRole
Name: cluster-admin
Subjects:
Kind Name Namespace
---- ---- ---------
User kubelet-bootstrap
[root@master01 kubernetes]# kubectl describe clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap
Name: kubelet-bootstrap
Labels:
Annotations:
Role:
Kind: ClusterRole
Name: system:node-bootstrapper
Subjects:
Kind Name Namespace
---- ---- ---------
User kubelet-bootstrap
Containerd 方式
创建 kubelet 配置文件
[root@master01 ~]# cat > kubelet.json << "EOF"
{
"kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
"apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1",
"authentication": {
"x509": {
"clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem" # 配置ca证书
},
"webhook": {
"enabled": true, # webhook 是否开启
"cacheTTL": "2m0s"
},
"anonymous": {
"enabled": false # 匿名用户是否开启
}
},
"authorization": {
"mode": "Webhook", # 认证方式
"webhook": {
"cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
"cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
}
},
"address": "192.168.220.20", # 当前主机IP
"port": 10250,
"readOnlyPort": 10255,
"cgroupDriver": "systemd",
"hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
"serializeImagePulls": false,
"clusterDomain": "cluster.local.",
"clusterDNS": ["10.96.0.2"]
}
EOF
创建 kubelet 服务启动管理文件
[root@master01 kubelet]# cat > kubelet.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=containerd.service
Requires=containerd.service
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json \
--cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin \
--cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d \
--container-runtime=remote \
--container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock \
--network-plugin=cni \
--rotate-certificates \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 \
--root-dir=/etc/cni/net.d \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/opt/log/kubernetes/kubelet \
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
同步配置文件到集群节点
# cp 文件到其他应用节点
[root@master01 ~]# for i in master02 node01;do
scp /etc/kubernetes/kubelet* $i:/etc/kubernetes
scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem $i:/etc/kubernetes/ssl
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kublet.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
done
# 需要注意的是 kubelet.json 中的 address 需要改为当前主机的IP地址
# 配置更改完成后创建logs目录并启动服务
[root@master01 ~]# mkdir /opt/log/kubernetes/kubelet
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl enable --now kubelet
# 查看集群状态
[root@master01 kubernetes]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master01 Ready 29m v1.21.10
master02 Ready 29m v1.21.10
worker1 Ready 29m v1.21.10
Docker 方式
创建 kubelet 配置文件
# 对应节点的IP以及主机名需要按照实际情况来
[root@master01 ~]# cat > /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/logs/kubelet \
--hostname-override=master01 \
--network-plugin=cni \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-config.yml \
--cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=harbor.images.io:9181/library/pause/pause:3.2"
EOF
# --hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一
# --network-plugin：启用CNI
# --kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver
# --bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书
# --config：配置参数文件
# --cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录
# --pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像
配置参数文件
[root@master01 ~]# cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 192.168.220.20
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: systemd
clusterDNS:
- 10.96.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
创建服务管理启动文件
[root@master01 ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
# 启动服务
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enabel --now kubelet
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl status kubelet
$KUBELET_OPTS ,前面加个转义，不加的话，他取变量KUBELET_OPTS 的值，为空。因此，为了保留这个$KUBELET_OPTS 在前面加了一个转义\
node节点状态
[root@master01 cert]# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-DARl9unGiqaggF1Se3EXa9LjMgiGB-pMbFvgA4xHIxA 10m kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
node-csr-YwyUtC-JMlbxToWTnonpvLVs3wQPhJZfkOhfoakBUDI 67s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
node-csr-zxgKbAQRZeVDtHvrlPh8HPFhD9wWzTr6d67V56e1dA0 84s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
[root@master01 cert]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master01 NotReady 8m18s v1.21.10
master02 NotReady 108s v1.21.10
node01 NotReady 36s v1.21.10
注：由于网络插件还没有部署，节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady
部署 kube-proxy
**创建 kube-proxy 证书请求文件 **
[root@master01 cert]# cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << "EOF"
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "Beijing",
"L": "Beijing",
"O": "kubemsb",
"OU": "CN"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成 kube-proxy 证书
[root@master01 cert]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
创建 kubeconfig 文件
# 设置管理集群信息以及访问链接
[root@master01 cert]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://192.168.220.100:6535 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 设置集群需要的证书
[root@master01 cert]# kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 设置集群所需的安全上下文
[root@master01 cert]# kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kube-proxy --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
# 设置集群使用安全上下文
[root@master01 cert]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
创建服务配置文件
同步到其他节点时需要修改对应的IP
[root@master01 cert]# cat > /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 192.168.220.20 # 绑定当前节点IP
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16 # kubernetes Pod 地址规划
healthzBindAddress: 192.168.220.20:10256 # 健康状态检查服务器提供服务时所使用的的 IP 地址和端口
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 192.168.220.20:10249 # 服务器提供服务时所使用的 IP 地址和端口
mode: "ipvs" # 指定使用的代理模式
EOF
创建服务启动管理文件
[root@master01 ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/opt/data/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \
--config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml \
--alsologtostderr=true \
--logtostderr=false \
--log-dir=/opt/logs/kubernetes \
--v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
# 创建对应的 log 存放目录
[root@master01 ~]# mkdir /opt/logs/proxy
[root@master01 ~]# mkdir /opt/data/kube-proxy
同步配置文件到其他节点并启动服务
# 同步配置文件
[root@master01 ~]# for i in master02 node01
do
scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.* $i:/etc/kubernetes/
scp /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy* $i:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service $i:/usr/lib/systemd/system
done
# 重新加载并启动服务
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now kube-proxy
# 查看服务启动状态
root@worker1 ~]# systemctl status kube-proxy.service
网络组件
Calico YAML 部署
# 为每个节点下载 calico 文件
[root@master01 packages]# wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.19/manifests/calico.yaml --no-check-certificate
# 修改配置文件
3683 - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
3684 value: "10.244.0.0/16" # Pod IP规划
# 引用文件
[root@master01 packages]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
# 验证应用结果
[root@master01 packages]# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system calico-kube-controllers-7cc8dd57d9-9t6c5 1/1 Running 0 16m
kube-system calico-node-8gt8z 1/1 Running 0 55s
kube-system calico-node-9bf65 1/1 Running 0 65s
kube-system calico-node-trl6m 1/1 Running 0 75s
注意：部署安装 calica 中出现：BIRD is not ready: Error querying BIRD: unable to connect to BIRDv4 这种错误时，首先查看自己的网卡名称，修改 calica 配置文件，搜索 CLUSTER_TYPE 在其下面增加
- name: IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD value: "interface=ens.*" # 按照实际情况填写网卡名
Flannel 二进制部署
Flannel：通过给每台宿主机分配一个子网的方式为容器提供虚拟网络，它基于 Linux TUN/TAP，使用UDP封装 IP 包来创建 overlay 网络，并借助 etcd 维护网络的分配情况
# 下载和安装 flannel 二进制文件
[root@master01 packages]# wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.12.0/flannel-v0.12.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# 解压 flannel 包
[root@master01 others]# tar -xf flannel-v0.12.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@master01 others]# cp flanneld /usr/local/bin/
# 同步至其他节点
[root@master01 others]# scp {flanneld,mk-docker-opts.sh} master02:~
[root@master02 ~]# cp flanneld /usr/local/bin/
创建 flanneld 证书以及私钥
# 创建证书请求
[root@master01 cert]# cat > flanneld-csr.json <
{
"CN": "flanneld",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"ST": "NanJing",
"L": "NanJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "system"
}
]
}
EOF
# 生成证书和私钥
[root@master01 cert]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes flanneld-csr.json | cfssljson -bare flanneld
# 分发至其他节点
[root@master01 cert]# cp flanneld*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@master01 cert]# scp flanneld*.pem master02:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
# 想 etcd 写入集群 Pod 网段信息
[root@master01 ~]# export FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX="/kubernetes/network"
[root@master01 ~]# export ETCD_ENDPOINTS="https://192.168.220.30:2379,https://192.168.220.31:2379"
[root@master01 others]# ETCDCTL_API=2 etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld-key.pem \
mk /etc/kubernetes/network/config '{"Network":"172.17.0.0/16", "SubnetLen": 24, "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'
{"Network":"172.17.0.0/16", "SubnetLen": 24, "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}
注意：使用 flanneld 给 etcd 集群添加 pod 网络配置时，因为 flanneld 0.12 版本不能给 etcd 3 进行通信，需要在 etcd 启动文件中加上
--enable-v2开启 etcd v2 API 接口再去创建 flannel 的网络配置
创建flanneld 服务的启动文件
[root@master01 others]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
After=etcd.service
Before=docker.service
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/flanneld \
-etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
-etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld.pem \
-etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld-key.pem \
-etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.220.30:2379,https://192.168.220.31:2379 \
-etcd-prefix=/etc/kubernetes/network/config \
-ip-masq
ExecStartPost=/etc/kubernetes/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
StartLimitInterval=0
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
RequiredBy=docker.service
EOF
# 启动 flanneld 服务
[root@master02 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now flanneld
# 查看服务启动状态
[root@master02 ~]# systemctl status flanneld.service
- mk-docker-opts.sh 脚本将分配给 flanneld 的 Pod 子网段信息，通过-d参数写入 /run/flannel/docker 文件，后续 docker 启动时使用这个文件中的环境变量配置 docker0 网桥， -k 参数控制生成文件中变量的名称，下面docker启动时会用到这个变量；
- flanneld 使用系统缺省路由所在的接口与其它节点通信，对于有多个网络接口（如内网和公网）的节点，可以用 -iface 参数指定通信接口;
- -ip-masq: flanneld 为访问 Pod 网络外的流量设置 SNAT 规则，同时将传递给 Docker 的变量 --ip-masq（/run/flannel/docker 文件中）设置为 false，这样 Docker 将不再创建 SNAT 规则； Docker 的 --ip-masq 为 true 时，创建的 SNAT 规则比较“暴力”：将所有本节点 Pod 发起的、访问非 docker0 接口的请求做 SNAT，这样访问其他节点 Pod 的请求来源 IP 会被设置为 flannel.1 接口的 IP，导致目的 Pod 看不到真实的来源 Pod IP。 flanneld 创建的 SNAT 规则比较温和，只对访问非 Pod 网段的请求做 SNAT
检查
# 检查分配给各 flanneld 的 Pod 网段信息
[root@master01 others]# ETCDCTL_API=2 etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld-key.pem \
get /etc/kubernetes/network/config
# 输出结果：{"Network":"172.17.0.0/16", "SubnetLen": 24, "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}
# 查看已分配的 Pod 子网段列表
[root@master01 ~]# ETCDCTL_API=2 etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/flanneld-key.pem \
ls /etc/kubernetes/network/subnets
/etc/kubernetes/network/subnets/172.17.54.0-24
/etc/kubernetes/network/subnets/172.17.66.0-24
# 检查节点 flannel 网络信息
[root@master01 network]# ifconfig flannel.1
flannel.1: flags=4163,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1450
inet 172.17.66.0 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 0.0.0.0
inet6 fe80::186f:12ff:fe79:f54e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 1a:6f:12:79:f5:4e txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 15 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
# 查看路由信息
[root@master01 network]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
default gateway 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens32
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
172.17.54.0 172.17.54.0 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 flannel.1
192.168.220.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens32
# 查看 flannel 生成文件信息
[root@master01 network]# cat /run/flannel/subnet.env
FLANNEL_NETWORK=172.17.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=172.17.66.1/24
FLANNEL_MTU=1450
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=true
[root@master01 network]# cat /run/flannel/docker
DOCKER_OPT_BIP="--bip=172.17.66.1/24"
DOCKER_OPT_IPMASQ="--ip-masq=false"
DOCKER_OPT_MTU="--mtu=1450"
DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS=" --bip=172.17.66.1/24 --ip-masq=false --mtu=1450"
部署 CoreDNS
# coredns 配置文件
[root@master01 packages]# cat > coredns.yaml << "EOF"
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- endpoints
- services
- pods
- namespaces
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- discovery.k8s.io
resources:
- endpointslices
verbs:
- list
- watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:coredns
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
data:
Corefile: |
.:53 {
errors
health {
lameduck 5s
}
ready
kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa {
fallthrough in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa
}
prometheus :9153
forward . /etc/resolv.conf {
max_concurrent 1000
}
cache 30
loop
reload
loadbalance
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: coredns
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
# replicas: not specified here:
# 1. Default is 1.
# 2. Will be tuned in real time if DNS horizontal auto-scaling is turned on.
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
spec:
priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
serviceAccountName: coredns
tolerations:
- key: "CriticalAddonsOnly"
operator: "Exists"
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/os: linux
affinity:
podAntiAffinity:
preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- weight: 100
podAffinityTerm:
labelSelector:
matchExpressions:
- key: k8s-app
operator: In
values: ["kube-dns"]
topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
containers:
- name: coredns
image: coredns/coredns:1.8.4
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
resources:
limits:
memory: 170Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 70Mi
args: [ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" ]
volumeMounts:
- name: config-volume
mountPath: /etc/coredns
readOnly: true
ports:
- containerPort: 53
name: dns
protocol: UDP
- containerPort: 53
name: dns-tcp
protocol: TCP
- containerPort: 9153
name: metrics
protocol: TCP
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
capabilities:
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
drop:
- all
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: 8080
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 60
timeoutSeconds: 5
successThreshold: 1
failureThreshold: 5
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /ready
port: 8181
scheme: HTTP
dnsPolicy: Default
volumes:
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: coredns
items:
- key: Corefile
path: Corefile
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: kube-dns
namespace: kube-system
annotations:
prometheus.io/port: "9153"
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
labels:
k8s-app: kube-dns
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"
spec:
selector:
k8s-app: kube-dns
clusterIP: 10.96.0.2
ports:
- name: dns
port: 53
protocol: UDP
- name: dns-tcp
port: 53
protocol: TCP
- name: metrics
port: 9153
protocol: TCP
EOF
# 引用 coredns.yaml
[root@master01 packages]# kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
# 查看dns pod 状态
[root@master01 packages]# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system calico-kube-controllers-7cc8dd57d9-9t6c5 1/1 Running 0 26m
kube-system calico-node-8gt8z 1/1 Running 0 11m
kube-system calico-node-9bf65 1/1 Running 0 11m
kube-system calico-node-trl6m 1/1 Running 0 11m
kube-system coredns-675db8b7cc-4lvmc 1/1 Running 0 43s
部署应用验证
# 编写yaml文件
[root@master01 packages]# cat > nginx.yaml << "EOF"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
name: nginx-web
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
name: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
name: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.19.6
ports:
- containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nginx-service-nodeport
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 80
nodePort: 30001
protocol: TCP
type: NodePort
selector:
name: nginx
EOF
# 引用 nginx.yaml
[root@master01 packages]# kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml
# 查看 pod 状态
[root@master01 packages]# kubectl get all
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/nginx-web-26dmn 1/1 Running 0 78s
pod/nginx-web-phnl5 1/1 Running 0 4m7s
pod/nginx-web-sclxd 1/1 Running 0 4m7s
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
replicationcontroller/nginx-web 3 3 3 4m7s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 17h
service/nginx-service-nodeport NodePort 10.96.120.18 80:30001/TCP 4m7s
# 进行访问
设置集群角色
# 将k8s-master-1设置为master角色
[root@k8s-master-2 ~]# kubectl label nodes k8s-master-1 node-role.kubernetes.io/master=
node/k8s-master-1 labeled
# 将k8s-node-1设置为node角色
[root@k8s-master-2 ~]# kubectl label nodes k8s-node-1 node-role.kubernetes.io/node=
node/k8s-node-1 labeled
# 将k8s-master-1设置master角色，一般不接受负载
[root@k8s-msater-2 ~] kubectl taint nodes k8s-master-1 node-role.kubernetes.io/master=true:NoSchedule
# 将k8s-mster-1设置master运行pod
[root@k8s-master-2 ~] kubectl taint nodes k8s-master-1 node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
# 将k8s-master-1设置master不运行pod
[root@k8s-master-2 ~] kubectl taint nodes k8s-master-1 node-role.kubernetes.io/master=:NoSchedule
部署 Ingress-nginx
helm 方式安装部署 Ingress-nginx
# 下载二进制文件
[root@master01 ~]# wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.9.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@master01 ~]# tar -xf helm-v3.9.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@master01 linux-amd64]# cp helm /usr/local/bin/
# 添加 ingress-nginx 源
[root@master01 ~]# helm repo add ingress-nginx https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx
# 查看源
[root@master01 ~]# helm repo list
NAME URL
ingress-nginx https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx
[root@master01 ~]# helm search repo ingress-nginx
NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx 4.2.3 1.3.0 Ingress controller for Kubernetes using NGINX a...
# helm 下载 Ingress-nginx 包，helm pull 仓库/包
[root@master01 ~]# helm pull ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx
[root@master01 ~]# tar -xf ingress-nginx-4.2.3.tgz
# 修改配置文件
[root@master01 ~]# vim ingress-nginx/values.yaml
image:
repository: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/controller
# digest: sha256:46ba23c3fbaafd9e5bd01ea85b2f921d9f2217be082580edc22e6c704a83f02f 删除镜像的hash值
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirstWithHostNet # 修改DNS策略
hostNetwork: true # 打开hostNetwork
kind: DaemonSet # 修改部署方式为DaemonSet
nodeSelector: # 添加 ingress=true 标签
kubernetes.io/os: linux
ingress: "true"
type: ClusterIP # LoadBalancer 更改为 ClusterIP
image:
repository: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/dotbalo/defaultbackend-amd64
# 使用helm进行安装
# 为需要安装 ingress-nginx 的节点设置标签
[root@master01 ingress-nginx]# kubectl label node master02 ingress=true
# 执行安装
[root@master01 ~]# helm install ingress-nginx -n ingress-nginx .
# 查看nginx-contaroller 节点
[root@master01 ingress-nginx]# kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
ingress-nginx-controller-792mp 1/1 Running 1 15h 192.168.220.31 master02
编写测试用例
# 查看本地是否有svc
[root@master01 ingress-nginx]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 443/TCP 16d
nginx-service-nodeport NodePort 10.96.81.131 80:30001/TCP 7d14h
# ingress.yaml
[root@master01 ingress-nginx]# vi ingress.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx # 标注类
name: test-ingress
spec:
rules:
- host: ingress.test.com # 自定义域名
http:
paths:
- backend:
serviceName: svc-nginx # 关联svc名称
servicePort: 8091 # 关联端口
path: /
# 创建 ingress
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f ingress.yaml
# 修改 hosts 文件，只配置安装 nginx-controller 的节点
[root@master01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.220.31 master02 ingress.test.com
# 进行访问
[root@master01 ~]# curl ingress.test.com
<!DOCTYPE html>
Welcome to nginx!<<span class="token operator">/</span>title>
<style>
html <span class="token punctuation">{</span> color-scheme: light dark<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
body <span class="token punctuation">{</span> width: 35em<span class="token punctuation">;</span> margin: 0 auto<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
font-family: Tahoma<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Verdana<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Arial<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sans-serif<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<<span class="token operator">/</span>style>
<<span class="token operator">/</span>head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!<<span class="token operator">/</span>h1>
<p><span class="token keyword">If</span> you see this page<span class="token punctuation">,</span> the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working<span class="token punctuation">.</span> Further configuration is required<span class="token punctuation">.</span><<span class="token operator">/</span>p>
<p><span class="token keyword">For</span> online documentation and support please refer to
<a href=<span class="token string">"http://nginx.org/"</span>>nginx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>org<<span class="token operator">/</span>a><span class="token punctuation">.</span><br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href=<span class="token string">"http://nginx.com/"</span>>nginx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<<span class="token operator">/</span>a><span class="token punctuation">.</span><<span class="token operator">/</span>p>
<p><em>Thank you <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token keyword">using</span> nginx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><<span class="token operator">/</span>em><<span class="token operator">/</span>p>
<<span class="token operator">/</span>body>
<<span class="token operator">/</span>html>
</code></pre>
<h3>部署 harbor</h3>
<p>官网下载 harbor 仓库: https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases</p>
<h4>以 https 方式部署 harbor</h4>
<p><strong>配置 hosts 文件</strong></p>
<pre><code class="prism language-powershell"><span class="token namespace">[root@localhost harbor]</span><span class="token comment"># vim /etc/hosts</span>
192<span class="token punctuation">.</span>168<span class="token punctuation">.</span>220<span class="token punctuation">.</span>32 harbor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>images<span class="token punctuation">.</span>io
</code></pre>
<p><strong>生成客户端证书</strong></p>
<pre><code class="prism language-powershell"><span class="token comment"># 创建 harbor 工作目录以及证书目录</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost data]</span><span class="token comment"># mkdir -p /opt/data/harbor/cert && cd /opt/data/harbor/cert</span>
<span class="token comment"># 生成 CA 证书私钥</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost cert]</span><span class="token comment"># openssl genrsa -out ca.key 4096</span>
<span class="token comment"># 生成 CA 证书，harbor.images.io 需要换成自己的harbor仓库域名名称</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost cert]</span><span class="token comment"># openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -sha512 -days 3650 -subj "/C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=example/OU=Personal/CN=harbor.images.io" -key ca.key -out ca.crt</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>生成服务器证书</strong></p>
<pre><code class="prism language-powershell"><span class="token comment"># 生成私钥，注意域名名称</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost cert]</span><span class="token comment"># openssl genrsa -out harbor.images.io.key 4096</span>
<span class="token comment"># 生成证书签名请求 (CSR)</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost cert]</span><span class="token comment"># openssl req -sha512 -new -subj "/C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=example/OU=Personal/CN=harbor.images.io" -key harbor.images.io.key -out harbor.images.io.csr</span>
<span class="token comment"># 生成 x509 v3 扩展文件，注意域名名称</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost cert]</span><span class="token comment"># cat > v3.ext <<-EOF</span>
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid<span class="token punctuation">,</span>issuer
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
keyUsage = digitalSignature<span class="token punctuation">,</span> nonRepudiation<span class="token punctuation">,</span> keyEncipherment<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dataEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth
subjectAltName = @alt_names
<span class="token namespace">[alt_names]</span>
DNS<span class="token punctuation">.</span>1=harbor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>images<span class="token punctuation">.</span>io
DNS<span class="token punctuation">.</span>2=harbor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>images
DNS<span class="token punctuation">.</span>3=harbor
EOF
<span class="token comment"># 使用该v3.ext文件为您的 Harbor 主机生成证书</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost cert]</span><span class="token comment"># openssl x509 -req -sha512 -days 9999 -extfile v3.ext -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -in harbor.images.io.csr -out harbor.images.io.crt</span>
<span class="token comment"># 向 Docker 提供证书</span>
<span class="token comment"># 转换 harbor.images.io.crt为 harbor.images.io.cert， 供 Docker 使用。Docker 守护进程将.crt文件解释为 CA 证书，将.cert文件解释为客户端证书。</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost cert]</span><span class="token comment"># openssl x509 -inform PEM -in harbor.images.io.crt -out harbor.images.io.cert</span>
<span class="token comment"># 将服务器证书、密钥和 CA 文件复制到 Harbor 主机上的 Docker 证书文件夹中</span>
<span class="token comment"># 创建证书目录 </span>
<span class="token comment"># 如果您将默认nginx端口 443 映射到不同的端口，请创建文件夹/etc/docker/certs.d/yourdomain.com:port或/etc/docker/certs.d/harbor_IP:port </span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost cert]</span><span class="token comment"># mkdir -p /etc/docker/certs.d/harbor.images.io:9181</span>
<span class="token comment"># 将服务器证书、密钥和 CA 文件复制到 Harbor 主机上的 Docker 证书文件夹中</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost cert]</span><span class="token comment"># cp harbor.images.io.cert harbor.images.io.key ca.crt /etc/docker/certs.d/harbor.images.io\:9181/</span>
<span class="token comment"># 重启docker</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost cert]</span><span class="token comment"># systemctl restart docker</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>部署harbor</strong></p>
<pre><code class="prism language-powershell"><span class="token comment"># 解压 harbor 压缩包到 /usr/loca/ 目录下</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost ~]</span><span class="token comment"># tar -xf harbor-offline-installer-v2.4.3.tgz -C /usr/local/</span>
<span class="token comment"># 拷贝 harbor yml配置文件</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost ~]</span><span class="token comment"># cd /usr/local/harbor/</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost harbor]</span><span class="token comment"># cp harbor.yml.tmpl harbor.yml</span>
<span class="token comment"># 修改 harbor.yml</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost harbor]</span><span class="token comment"># vim harbor.yml</span>
hostname: harbor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>images<span class="token punctuation">.</span>io <span class="token comment"># 修改访问域名</span>
<span class="token comment"># http: # 注释 http 请求</span>
<span class="token comment"># port: 80 </span>
https: <span class="token comment"># 修改 https 监听端口</span>
port: 9181
certificate: <span class="token operator">/</span>opt/<span class="token keyword">data</span><span class="token operator">/</span>harbor/cert/harbor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>images<span class="token punctuation">.</span>io<span class="token punctuation">.</span>crt <span class="token comment"># 配置 crt 证书</span>
private_key: <span class="token operator">/</span>opt/<span class="token keyword">data</span><span class="token operator">/</span>harbor/cert/harbor<span class="token punctuation">.</span>images<span class="token punctuation">.</span>io<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token comment"># 配置私钥</span>
harbor_admin_password: dream@0324 <span class="token comment"># 修改harbor网页登录密码，默认用户为 admin</span>
database:
password: admin <span class="token comment"># 修改数据库密码</span>
data_volume: <span class="token operator">/</span>opt/<span class="token keyword">data</span><span class="token operator">/</span>harbor <span class="token comment"># 修改默认工作目录</span>
log:
location: <span class="token operator">/</span>opt/logs/harbor <span class="token comment"># 修改日志目录</span>
<span class="token comment"># 执行预安装脚本</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost harbor]</span><span class="token comment"># ./install.sh</span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token namespace">[Step 5]</span>: starting Harbor <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> Running 10/10
⠿ Network harbor_harbor Created 0<span class="token punctuation">.</span>1s
⠿ Container harbor-log Started 0<span class="token punctuation">.</span>7s
⠿ Container registry Started 2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>2s
⠿ Container harbor-portal Started 2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>1s
⠿ Container harbor-db Started 2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>0s
⠿ Container registryctl Started 2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>0s
⠿ Container redis Started 2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>2s
⠿ Container harbor-core Started 2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>7s
⠿ Container nginx Started 3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>7s
⠿ Container harbor-jobservice Started 3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>6s
✔ <span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">--</span>Harbor has been installed and started successfully<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">--</span>
<span class="token comment"># 这时harbor已经成功运行</span>
<span class="token comment"># 使用 systemctl 管理 harbor</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost harbor]</span><span class="token comment"># cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/harbor.service <<-EOF</span>
<span class="token namespace">[Unit]</span>
Description=Harbor
After=docker<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service systemd-networkd<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service systemd-resolved<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service
Requires=docker<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service
Documentation=http:<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>github<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com/vmware/harbor
<span class="token namespace">[Service]</span>
<span class="token function">Type</span>=simple
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
ExecStart=<span class="token operator">/</span>usr/local/bin/docker-compose <span class="token operator">-</span>f <span class="token operator">/</span>usr/local/harbor/docker-compose<span class="token punctuation">.</span>yml up
ExecStop=<span class="token operator">/</span>usr/local/bin/docker-compose <span class="token operator">-</span>f <span class="token operator">/</span>usr/local/harbor/docker-compose<span class="token punctuation">.</span>yml down
<span class="token namespace">[Install]</span>
WantedBy=multi-user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>target
EOF
<span class="token comment"># 将harbor设置为开机自启，并重新启动</span>
<span class="token namespace">[root@localhost harbor]</span><span class="token comment"># systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart harbor && systemctl enable harbor</span>
</code></pre>
<p>由于没有配置域名解析，浏览器访问绑定的是hosts，访问harbor</p>
<p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/27a9841175a84b68ad1c01a3a212d1ba.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/27a9841175a84b68ad1c01a3a212d1ba.jpg" alt="二进制部署k8s高可用集群_第13张图片" width="650" height="490" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!--PC和WAP自适应版-->
<div id="SOHUCS" sid="1687408355552866304"></div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/views/front/js/chanyan.js"></script>
<!-- 文章页-底部 动态广告位 -->
<div class="youdao-fixed-ad" id="detail_ad_bottom"></div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="row" id="ad">
<!-- 文章页-右侧1 动态广告位 -->
<div id="right-1" class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-4 col-xs-4 ad">
<div class="youdao-fixed-ad" id="detail_ad_1"> </div>
</div>
<!-- 文章页-右侧2 动态广告位 -->
<div id="right-2" class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-4 col-xs-4 ad">
<div class="youdao-fixed-ad" id="detail_ad_2"></div>
</div>
<!-- 文章页-右侧3 动态广告位 -->
<div id="right-3" class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-4 col-xs-4 ad">
<div class="youdao-fixed-ad" id="detail_ad_3"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<h4 class="pt20 mb15 mt0 border-top">你可能感兴趣的:(k8s,kubernetes,linux)</h4>
<div id="paradigm-article-related">
<div class="recommend-post mb30">
<ul class="widget-links">
<li><a href="/article/1835513699826233344.htm"
title="android系统selinux中添加新属性property" target="_blank">android系统selinux中添加新属性property</a>
<span class="text-muted">辉色投像</span>
<div>1.定位/android/system/sepolicy/private/property_contexts声明属性开头：persist.charge声明属性类型：u:object_r:system_prop:s0图12.定位到android/system/sepolicy/public/domain.te删除neverallow{domain-init}default_prop:property</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835509391361667072.htm"
title="Linux下QT开发的动态库界面弹出操作（SDL2）" target="_blank">Linux下QT开发的动态库界面弹出操作（SDL2）</a>
<span class="text-muted">13jjyao</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/QT%E7%B1%BB/1.htm">QT类</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/qt/1.htm">qt</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80/1.htm">开发语言</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/sdl2/1.htm">sdl2</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a>
<div>需求：操作系统为linux，开发框架为qt，做成需带界面的qt动态库，调用方为java等非qt程序难点：调用方为java等非qt程序，也就是说调用方肯定不带QApplication::exec()，缺少了这个，QTimer等事件和QT创建的窗口将不能弹出(包括opencv也是不能弹出)；这与qt调用本身qt库是有本质的区别的思路：1.调用方缺QApplication::exec()，那么我们在接口</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835504596898902016.htm"
title="linux sdl windows.h,Windows下的SDL安装" target="_blank">linux sdl windows.h,Windows下的SDL安装</a>
<span class="text-muted">奔跑吧linux内核</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/sdl/1.htm">sdl</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/windows.h/1.htm">windows.h</a>
<div>首先你要下载并安装SDL开发包。如果装在C盘下，路径为C:\SDL1.2.5如果在WINDOWS下。你可以按以下步骤：1.打开VC++，点击"Tools",Options2,点击directories选项3.选择"Includefiles"增加一个新的路径。"C:\SDL1.2.5\include"4，现在选择"Libaryfiles“增加"C:\SDL1.2.5\lib"现在你可以开始编写你的第</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835503712899002368.htm"
title="linux中sdl的使用教程,sdl使用入门" target="_blank">linux中sdl的使用教程,sdl使用入门</a>
<span class="text-muted">Melissa Corvinus</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux%E4%B8%ADsdl%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/1.htm">linux中sdl的使用教程</a>
<div>本文通过一个简单示例讲解SDL的基本使用流程。示例中展示一个窗口，窗口里面有个随机颜色快随机移动。当我们鼠标点击关闭按钮时间窗口关闭。基本步骤如下：1.初始化SDL并创建一个窗口。SDL_Init()初始化SDL_CreateWindow()创建窗口2.纹理渲染存储RGB和存储纹理的区别：比如一个从左到右由红色渐变到蓝色的矩形，用存储RGB的话就需要把矩形中每个点的具体颜色值存储下来；而纹理只是一</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835502578050363392.htm"
title="PHP环境搭建详细教程" target="_blank">PHP环境搭建详细教程</a>
<span class="text-muted">好看资源平台</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF/1.htm">前端</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/php/1.htm">php</a>
<div>PHP是一个流行的服务器端脚本语言，广泛用于Web开发。为了使PHP能够在本地或服务器上运行，我们需要搭建一个合适的PHP环境。本教程将结合最新资料，介绍在不同操作系统上搭建PHP开发环境的多种方法，包括Windows、macOS和Linux系统的安装步骤，以及本地和Docker环境的配置。1.PHP环境搭建概述PHP环境的搭建主要分为以下几类：集成开发环境：例如XAMPP、WAMP、MAMP，这</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835501948011376640.htm"
title="使用 FinalShell 进行远程连接（ssh 远程连接 Linux 服务器）" target="_blank">使用 FinalShell 进行远程连接（ssh 远程连接 Linux 服务器）</a>
<span class="text-muted">编程经验分享</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7/1.htm">开发工具</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8/1.htm">服务器</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/ssh/1.htm">ssh</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a>
<div>目录前言基本使用教程新建远程连接连接主机自定义命令路由追踪前言后端开发，必然需要和服务器打交道，部署应用，排查问题，查看运行日志等等。一般服务器都是集中部署在机房中，也有一些直接是云服务器，总而言之，程序员不可能直接和服务器直接操作，一般都是通过ssh连接来登录服务器。刚接触远程连接时，使用的是XSHELL来远程连接服务器，连接上就能够操作远程服务器了，但是仅用XSHELL并没有上传下载文件的功能</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835493373906087936.htm"
title="libyuv之linux编译" target="_blank">libyuv之linux编译</a>
<span class="text-muted">jaronho</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/Linux/1.htm">Linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4/1.htm">运维</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8/1.htm">服务器</a>
<div>文章目录一、下载源码二、编译源码三、注意事项1、银河麒麟系统（aarch64）（1）解决armv8-a+dotprod+i8mm指令集支持问题（2）解决armv9-a+sve2指令集支持问题一、下载源码到GitHub网站下载https://github.com/lemenkov/libyuv源码，或者用直接用git克隆到本地，如：gitclonehttps://github.com/lemenko</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835489588169240576.htm"
title="ARM驱动学习之5 LEDS驱动" target="_blank">ARM驱动学习之5 LEDS驱动</a>
<span class="text-muted">JT灬新一</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F/1.htm">嵌入式</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/C/1.htm">C</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%BA%95%E5%B1%82/1.htm">底层</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/arm%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/1.htm">arm开发</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/1.htm">学习</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%8D%95%E7%89%87%E6%9C%BA/1.htm">单片机</a>
<div>ARM驱动学习之5LEDS驱动知识点：•linuxGPIO申请函数和赋值函数–gpio_request–gpio_set_value•三星平台配置GPIO函数–s3c_gpio_cfgpin•GPIO配置输出模式的宏变量–S3C_GPIO_OUTPUT注意点：DRIVER_NAME和DEVICE_NAME匹配。实现步骤：1.加入需要的头文件：//Linux平台的gpio头文件#include//三</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835485681187647488.htm"
title="【华为OD技术面试真题精选 - 非技术题】 -HR面，综合面_华为od hr面" target="_blank">【华为OD技术面试真题精选 - 非技术题】 -HR面，综合面_华为od hr面</a>
<span class="text-muted">一个射手座的程序媛</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%91%98/1.htm">程序员</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%BAod/1.htm">华为od</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95/1.htm">面试</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E8%81%8C%E5%9C%BA%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95/1.htm">职场和发展</a>
<div>最后的话最近很多小伙伴找我要Linux学习资料，于是我翻箱倒柜，整理了一些优质资源，涵盖视频、电子书、PPT等共享给大家！资料预览给大家整理的视频资料：给大家整理的电子书资料：如果本文对你有帮助，欢迎点赞、收藏、转发给朋友，让我有持续创作的动力！网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。需要这份系统化的资料的朋友，可以点击这里获</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835482277870661632.htm"
title="简介Shell、zsh、bash" target="_blank">简介Shell、zsh、bash</a>
<span class="text-muted">zhaosuningsn</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/Shell/1.htm">Shell</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/zsh/1.htm">zsh</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/bash/1.htm">bash</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/shell/1.htm">shell</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/bash/1.htm">bash</a>
<div>Shell是Linux和Unix的外壳，类似衣服，负责外界与Linux和Unix内核的交互联系。例如接收终端用户及各种应用程序的命令，把接收的命令翻译成内核能理解的语言，传递给内核，并把内核处理接收的命令的结果返回给外界，即Shell是外界和内核沟通的桥梁或大门。Linux和Unix提供了多种Shell，其中有种bash，当然还有其他好多种。Mac电脑中不但有bash，还有一个zsh，预装的，据说</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835479000600899584.htm"
title="Linux MariaDB使用OpenSSL安装SSL证书" target="_blank">Linux MariaDB使用OpenSSL安装SSL证书</a>
<span class="text-muted">Meta39</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/MySQL/1.htm">MySQL</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/Oracle/1.htm">Oracle</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/MariaDB/1.htm">MariaDB</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/Linux/1.htm">Linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/Windows/1.htm">Windows</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/ssl/1.htm">ssl</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/mariadb/1.htm">mariadb</a>
<div>进入到证书存放目录，批量删除.pem证书警告：确保已经进入到证书存放目录find.-typef-iname\*.pem-delete查看是否安装OpenSSLopensslversion没有则安装yuminstallopensslopenssl-devel开启SSL编辑/etc/my.cnf文件（没有的话就创建，但是要注意，在/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf配置了datadir的，</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835469294436184064.htm"
title="【从浅识到熟知Linux】Linux发展史" target="_blank">【从浅识到熟知Linux】Linux发展史</a>
<span class="text-muted">Jammingpro</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E4%BB%8E%E6%B5%85%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%B0%E7%86%9F%E7%9F%A5Linux/1.htm">从浅学到熟知Linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4/1.htm">运维</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8/1.htm">服务器</a>
<div>归属专栏：从浅学到熟知Linux个人主页：Jammingpro每日努力一点点，技术变化看得见文章前言：本篇文章记录Linux发展的历史，因在介绍Linux过程中涉及的其他操作系统及人物，本文对相关内容也有所介绍。文章目录Unix发展史Linux发展史开源Linux官网企业应用情况发行版本在学习Linux前，我们可能都会问Linux从哪里来？它是如何发展的。但在介绍Linux之前，需要先介绍一下Un</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835467782687387648.htm"
title="linux 发展史" target="_blank">linux 发展史</a>
<span class="text-muted">种树的猴子</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8/1.htm">内核</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/java/1.htm">java</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/1.htm">操作系统</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE/1.htm">大数据</a>
<div>linux发展史说明此前对linux认识模糊一知半解，近期通过学习将自己对于linux的发展总结一下方便大家日后的学习。那Linux是目前一款非常火热的开源操作系统，可是linux是什么时候出现的，又是因为什么样的原因被开发出来的呢。以下将对linux的发展历程进行详细的讲解。目录一、Linux发展背景二、UINIX的诞生三、UNIX的重要分支-BSD的诞生四、Minix的诞生五、GNU与Free</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835466523163062272.htm"
title="Linux sh命令" target="_blank">Linux sh命令</a>
<span class="text-muted">fengyehongWorld</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/Linux/1.htm">Linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a>
<div>目录一.基本语法二.选项2.1-c字符串中读取内容，并执行2.1.1基本用法2.1.2获取当前目录下失效的超链接2.2-x每个命令执行之前，将其打印出来2.3结合Here文档使用一.基本语法⏹Linux和Unix系统中用于执行shell脚本或运行命令的命令。sh[选项][脚本文件][参数...]⏹选项-c：从字符串中读取内容，并执行。-x：在每个命令执行之前，将其打印出来。-s：从标准流中读取内容</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835466270955368448.htm"
title="Linux vi常用命令" target="_blank">Linux vi常用命令</a>
<span class="text-muted">fengyehongWorld</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/Linux/1.htm">Linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a>
<div>参考资料viコマンド（vimコマンド）リファレンス目录一.保存系命令二.删除系命令三.移动系命令四.复制粘贴系命令一.保存系命令⏹保存并退出:wq⏹强制保存并退出:wq!⏹退出(文件未编辑):q⏹强制退出(忽略已编辑内容):q!⏹另存为:w新文件名二.删除系命令⏹删除当前行dd⏹清空整个文档gg：移动到文档顶部dG：删除到最后一行ggdG三.移动系命令⏹移动到文档顶部gg⏹移动到文档底部#方式1G</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835452402178813952.htm"
title="Linux查看服务器日志" target="_blank">Linux查看服务器日志</a>
<span class="text-muted">TPBoreas</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4/1.htm">运维</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4/1.htm">运维</a>
<div>一、tail这个是我最常用的一种查看方式用法如下：tail-n10test.log查询日志尾部最后10行的日志;tail-n+10test.log查询10行之后的所有日志;tail-fn10test.log循环实时查看最后1000行记录(最常用的)一般还会配合着grep用，(实时抓包)例如:tail-fn1000test.log|grep'关键字'（动态抓包）tail-fn1000test.log</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835448111909138432.htm"
title="react-intl——react国际化使用方案" target="_blank">react-intl——react国际化使用方案</a>
<span class="text-muted">苹果酱0567</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E9%A2%98%E6%B1%87%E6%80%BB%E4%B8%8E%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90/1.htm">面试题汇总与解析</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/java/1.htm">java</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80/1.htm">开发语言</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6/1.htm">中间件</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/spring/1.htm">spring</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/boot/1.htm">boot</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF/1.htm">后端</a>
<div>国际化介绍i18n：internationalization国家化简称，首字母+首尾字母间隔的字母个数+尾字母，类似的还有k8s(Kubernetes)React-intl是React中最受欢迎的库。使用步骤安装#usenpmnpminstallreact-intl-D#useyarn项目入口文件配置//index.tsximportReactfrom"react";importReactDOMf</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835443696431099904.htm"
title="笋丁网页自动回复机器人V3.0.0免授权版源码" target="_blank">笋丁网页自动回复机器人V3.0.0免授权版源码</a>
<span class="text-muted">希希分享</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E8%BD%AF%E5%B8%8C%E7%BD%9158soho_cn/1.htm">软希网58soho_cn</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90/1.htm">源码资源</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E7%AC%8B%E4%B8%81%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%9B%9E%E5%A4%8D%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA/1.htm">笋丁网页自动回复机器人</a>
<div>笋丁网页机器人一款可设置自动回复，默认消息，调用自定义api接口的网页机器人。此程序后端语言使用Golang，内存占用最高不超过30MB，1H1G服务器流畅运行。仅支持Linux服务器部署，不支持虚拟主机，请悉知！使用自定义api功能需要有一定的建站基础。源码下载：https://download.csdn.net/download/m0_66047725/89754250更多资源下载：关注我。安</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835417097660887040.htm"
title="Linux CTF逆向入门" target="_blank">Linux CTF逆向入门</a>
<span class="text-muted">蚁景网络安全</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4/1.htm">运维</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/CTF/1.htm">CTF</a>
<div>1.ELF格式我们先来看看ELF文件头，如果想详细了解，可以查看ELF的manpage文档。关于ELF更详细的说明：e_shoff：节头表的文件偏移量（字节）。如果文件没有节头表，则此成员值为零。sh_offset：表示了该section（节）离开文件头部位置的距离+-------------------+|ELFheader|---++--------->+-------------------</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835415332345442304.htm"
title="NPM私库搭建-verdaccio（Linux）" target="_blank">NPM私库搭建-verdaccio（Linux）</a>
<span class="text-muted">Beam007</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/npm/1.htm">npm</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%89%8D%E7%AB%AF/1.htm">前端</a>
<div>1、安装nodelinux服务器安装nodea)、官网下载所需的node版本https://nodejs.org/dist/v14.21.0/b)、解压安装包若下载的是xxx.tar.xz文件，解压命令为tar-xvfxxx.tar.xzc)、修改环境变量修改：/etc/profile文件#SETPATHFORNODEJSexportNODE_HOME=NODEJS解压安装的路径exportPAT</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835400463676174336.htm"
title="C++常见知识掌握" target="_blank">C++常见知识掌握</a>
<span class="text-muted">nfgo</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/c%2B%2B/1.htm">c++</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80/1.htm">开发语言</a>
<div>1.Linux软件开发、调试与维护内核与系统结构Linux内核是操作系统的核心，负责管理硬件资源，提供系统服务，它是系统软件与硬件之间的桥梁。主要组成部分包括：进程管理：内核通过调度器分配CPU时间给各个进程，实现进程的创建、调度、终止等操作。使用进程描述符（task_struct）来存储进程信息，包括状态（就绪、运行、阻塞等）、优先级、内存映射等。内存管理：包括物理内存和虚拟内存管理。通过页表映</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835399577818198016.htm"
title="linux脚本sed替换变量,sed 命令中替换值为shell变量" target="_blank">linux脚本sed替换变量,sed 命令中替换值为shell变量</a>
<span class="text-muted">诺坎普之约</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%ACsed%E6%9B%BF%E6%8D%A2%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F/1.htm">linux脚本sed替换变量</a>
<div>文章目录sed命令中替换值为shell变量替换基本语法sed中替换使用shell变量总结参考文档sed命令中替换值为shell变量替换基本语法大家都是sed有很多用法，最多就应该是替换一些值了。让我们先回忆sed的替换语法。在sed进行替换的时候sed-i's/old/new/g'1.txtecho"hellooldfrank"|sed's/old/new/g'结果如下：hellonewfrank</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835398694636187648.htm"
title="RK3229_Android9.0_Box 4G模块EC200A调试" target="_blank">RK3229_Android9.0_Box 4G模块EC200A调试</a>
<span class="text-muted">suifen_</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C/1.htm">网络</a>
<div>0、kernel修改这部分完全可以参考Linux的移植：RK3588EC200A-CN【4G模块】调试_rkec200a-cn-CSDN博客1、修改device/rockchip/rk322xdiff--gita/device.mkb/device.mkindexec6bfaa..e7c32d1100755---a/device.mk+++b/device.mk@@-105,6+105,8@@en</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835390878806536192.htm"
title="linux 安装Sublime Text 3" target="_blank">linux 安装Sublime Text 3</a>
<span class="text-muted">hhyiyuanyu</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/Python%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/1.htm">Python学习</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/sublime/1.htm">sublime</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/text/1.htm">text</a>
<div>方法/步骤打开官网http://www.sublimetext.com/3，选择64位进行下载执行命令wgethttps://download.sublimetext.com/sublime_text_3_build_3126_x64.tar.bz2进行下载3、下载完成进行解压,执行tar-xvvfsublime_text_3_build_3126_x64.tar.bz解压4、解压完成以后，移动到</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835379662918873088.htm"
title="【从问题中去学习k8s】k8s中的常见面试题（夯实理论基础）（二十八）" target="_blank">【从问题中去学习k8s】k8s中的常见面试题（夯实理论基础）（二十八）</a>
<span class="text-muted">向往风的男子</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/k8s/1.htm">k8s</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0/1.htm">学习</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/kubernetes/1.htm">kubernetes</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8/1.htm">容器</a>
<div>本站以分享各种运维经验和运维所需要的技能为主《python零基础入门》：python零基础入门学习《python运维脚本》：python运维脚本实践《shell》：shell学习《terraform》持续更新中：terraform_Aws学习零基础入门到最佳实战《k8》从问题中去学习k8s《docker学习》暂未更新《ceph学习》ceph日常问题解决分享《日志收集》ELK+各种中间件《运维日常》</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835378901174546432.htm"
title="KVM虚拟机源代码分析【转】" target="_blank">KVM虚拟机源代码分析【转】</a>
<span class="text-muted">xidianjiapei001</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%23/1.htm">#</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF/1.htm">虚拟化技术</a>
<div>1.KVM结构及工作原理1.1KVM结构KVM基本结构有两部分组成。一个是KVMDriver，已经成为Linux内核的一个模块。负责虚拟机的创建，虚拟内存的分配，虚拟CPU寄存器的读写以及虚拟CPU的运行等。另外一个是稍微修改过的Qemu，用于模拟PC硬件的用户空间组件，提供I/O设备模型以及访问外设的途径。KVM基本结构如图1所示。其中KVM加入到标准的Linux内核中，被组织成Linux中标准</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835375621996376064.htm"
title="Kubernetes数据持久化" target="_blank">Kubernetes数据持久化</a>
<span class="text-muted">看清所苡看轻</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/kubernetes%28k8s%29/1.htm">kubernetes(k8s)</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/emptyDir/1.htm">emptyDir</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/HostPath/1.htm">HostPath</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/pv/1.htm">pv</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/pvc/1.htm">pvc</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/kubernetes/1.htm">kubernetes</a>
<div>在k8s中，Volume（数据卷）存在明确的生命周期（与包含该数据卷的容器组（pod）相同）。因此Volume的生命周期比同一容器组（pod）中任意容器的生命周期要更长，不管容器重启了多少次，数据都被保留下来。当然，如果pod不存在了，数据卷自然退出了。此时，根据pod所使用的数据卷类型不同，数据可能随着数据卷的退出而删除，也可能被真正持久化，并在下次容器组重启时仍然可以使用。从根本上来说，一个数</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835369569800253440.htm"
title="史上最全git命令,git回滚,git命令大全" target="_blank">史上最全git命令,git回滚,git命令大全</a>
<span class="text-muted">騒周</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96/1.htm">其他</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/git/1.htm">git</a>
<div>git命令大全一、Git整体理解二、由暂存区本地仓库三、由本地仓->远程仓库四、冲突处理五、Git分支操作六、bug的分支七、feature分支八、暂存的使用九、远程仓的操作十、标签的使用十一、Git配置全局信息十二、Linux的一些简单操作和一些符号的解释十三、符号解释十四、显示安装详细信息十五、gitconfig十六、Gitclone十七、Gitinit十八、gitstatus十九、gitre</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835369443379736576.htm"
title="【显示 后台运行 & 的命令】" target="_blank">【显示 后台运行 & 的命令】</a>
<span class="text-muted">晨春计</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/debug/1.htm">debug</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8/1.htm">服务器</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4/1.htm">运维</a>
<div>目录背景步骤详解示例背景当你在Linuxshell中使用&符号将一个命令放到后台运行时，你可以使用jobs命令来查看这些后台进程的状态。但是，jobs命令并不会直接显示进程的PID（进程ID）。它会显示一个作业列表，其中包括每个作业的状态和一个作业标识符（通常是百分号%后面跟着一个数字），但不会直接显示PID。获取后台进程的PID步骤：1、使用jobs命令查看后台作业。2、使用ps命令配合grep</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1835369316342657024.htm"
title="Android shell 常用 debug 命令" target="_blank">Android shell 常用 debug 命令</a>
<span class="text-muted">晨春计</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/Audio/1.htm">Audio</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/debug/1.htm">debug</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/android/1.htm">android</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a>
<div>目录1、查看版本2、am命令3、pm命令4、dumpsys命令5、sed命令6、log定位查看APK进程号7、log定位使用场景1、查看版本1.1、Android串口终端执行getpropro.build.version.release#获取Android版本uname-a#查看linux内核版本信息uname-r#单独查看内核版本1.2、linux服务器执行lsb_release-a#查看Lin</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/31.htm"
title="312个免费高速HTTP代理IP（能隐藏自己真实IP地址）" target="_blank">312个免费高速HTTP代理IP（能隐藏自己真实IP地址）</a>
<span class="text-muted">yangshangchuan</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F/1.htm">高速</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%B9/1.htm">免费</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/superword/1.htm">superword</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/HTTP%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86/1.htm">HTTP代理</a>
<div>
124.88.67.20:843
190.36.223.93:8080
117.147.221.38:8123
122.228.92.103:3128
183.247.211.159:8123
124.88.67.35:81
112.18.51.167:8123
218.28.96.39:3128
49.94.160.198:3128
183.20</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/158.htm"
title="pull解析和json编码" target="_blank">pull解析和json编码</a>
<span class="text-muted">百合不是茶</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/android/1.htm">android</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/pull%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90/1.htm">pull解析</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/json/1.htm">json</a>
<div>n.json文件:
[{name:java,lan:c++,age:17},{name:android,lan:java,age:8}]
pull.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<stu>
<name>java</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/285.htm"
title="[能源与矿产]石油与地球生态系统" target="_blank">[能源与矿产]石油与地球生态系统</a>
<span class="text-muted">comsci</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90/1.htm">能源</a>
<div>
按照苏联的科学界的说法,石油并非是远古的生物残骸的演变产物,而是一种可以由某些特殊地质结构和物理条件生产出来的东西,也就是说,石油是可以自增长的....
那么我们做一个猜想: 石油好像是地球的体液,我们地球具有自动产生石油的某种机制,只要我们不过量开采石油,并保护好</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/412.htm"
title="类与对象浅谈" target="_blank">类与对象浅谈</a>
<span class="text-muted">沐刃青蛟</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/java/1.htm">java</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/1.htm">基础</a>
<div>
类，字面理解，便是同一种事物的总称，比如人类，是对世界上所有人的一个总称。而对象，便是类的具体化，实例化，是一个具体事物，比如张飞这个人，就是人类的一个对象。但要注意的是：张飞这个人是对象，而不是张飞，张飞只是他这个人的名字，是他的属性而已。而一个类中包含了属性和方法这两兄弟，他们分别用来描述对象的行为和性质（感觉应该是</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/539.htm"
title="新站开始被收录后，我们应该做什么？" target="_blank">新站开始被收录后，我们应该做什么？</a>
<span class="text-muted">IT独行者</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/PHP/1.htm">PHP</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/seo/1.htm">seo</a>
<div>新站开始被收录后，我们应该做什么？
百度终于开始收录自己的网站了，作为站长，你是不是觉得那一刻很有成就感呢，同时，你是不是又很茫然，不知道下一步该做什么了？至少我当初就是这样，在这里和大家一份分享一下新站收录后，我们要做哪些工作。
至于如何让百度快速收录自己的网站，可以参考我之前的帖子《新站让百</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/666.htm"
title="oracle 连接碰到的问题" target="_blank">oracle 连接碰到的问题</a>
<span class="text-muted">文强chu</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/oracle/1.htm">oracle</a>
<div>Unable to find a java Virtual Machine－－安装64位版Oracle11gR2后无法启动SQLDeveloper的解决方案
作者：草根IT网 来源：未知 人气：813标签：
导读：安装64位版Oracle11gR2后发现启动SQLDeveloper时弹出配置java.exe的路径，找到Oracle自带java.exe后产生的路径“C:\app\用户名\prod</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/793.htm"
title="Swing中按ctrl键同时移动鼠标拖动组件（类中多借口共享同一数据）" target="_blank">Swing中按ctrl键同时移动鼠标拖动组件（类中多借口共享同一数据）</a>
<span class="text-muted">小桔子</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/java/1.htm">java</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF/1.htm">继承</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/swing/1.htm">swing</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3/1.htm">接口</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E7%9B%91%E5%90%AC/1.htm">监听</a>
<div> 都知道java中类只能单继承，但可以实现多个接口，但我发现实现多个接口之后，多个接口却不能共享同一个数据，应用开发中想实现：当用户按着ctrl键时，可以用鼠标点击拖动组件，比如说文本框。
编写一个监听实现KeyListener,NouseListener,MouseMotionListener三个接口，重写方法。定义一个全局变量boolea</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/920.htm"
title="linux常用的命令" target="_blank">linux常用的命令</a>
<span class="text-muted">aichenglong</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4/1.htm">常用命令</a>
<div>1 startx切换到图形化界面
2 man命令:查看帮助信息
man 需要查看的命令,man命令提供了大量的帮助信息,一般可以分成4个部分
name:对命令的简单说明
synopsis:命令的使用格式说明
description:命令的详细说明信息
options:命令的各项说明
3 date:显示时间
语法：date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1047.htm"
title="eclipse内存优化" target="_blank">eclipse内存优化</a>
<span class="text-muted">AILIKES</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/java/1.htm">java</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/eclipse/1.htm">eclipse</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/jvm/1.htm">jvm</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/jdk/1.htm">jdk</a>
<div>一 基本说明 在JVM中，总体上分2块内存区,默认空余堆内存小于 40%时，JVM就会增大堆直到-Xmx的最大限制；空余堆内存大于70%时，JVM会减少堆直到-Xms的最小限制。 1)堆内存(Heap memory):堆是运行时数据区域，所有类实例和数组的内存均从此处分配,是Java代码可及的内存，是留给开发人</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1174.htm"
title="关键字的使用探讨" target="_blank">关键字的使用探讨</a>
<span class="text-muted">百合不是茶</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E5%AD%97/1.htm">关键字</a>
<div>//关键字的使用探讨/*访问关键词private 只能在本类中访问public 只能在本工程中访问protected 只能在包中和子类中访问默认的 只能在包中访问*//*final 类 方法 变量 final 类 不能被继承 final 方法 不能被子类覆盖，但可以继承 final 变量 只能有一次赋值，赋值后不能改变 final 不能用来修饰构造方法*///this()</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1301.htm"
title="JS中定义对象的几种方式" target="_blank">JS中定义对象的几种方式</a>
<span class="text-muted">bijian1013</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/js/1.htm">js</a>
<div> 1. 基于已有对象扩充其对象和方法(只适合于临时的生成一个对象)：
<html>
<head>
<title>基于已有对象扩充其对象和方法(只适合于临时的生成一个对象)</title>
</head>
<script>
var obj = new Object();
</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1428.htm"
title="表驱动法实例" target="_blank">表驱动法实例</a>
<span class="text-muted">bijian1013</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/java/1.htm">java</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E8%A1%A8%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E6%B3%95/1.htm">表驱动法</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/TDD/1.htm">TDD</a>
<div>获得月的天数是典型的直接访问驱动表方式的实例，下面我们来展示一下：
MonthDaysTest.java
package com.study.test;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.study.MonthDays;
public class MonthDaysTest {
@T</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1555.htm"
title="LInux启停重启常用服务器的脚本" target="_blank">LInux启停重启常用服务器的脚本</a>
<span class="text-muted">bit1129</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/linux/1.htm">linux</a>
<div>启动，停止和重启常用服务器的Bash脚本，对于每个服务器，需要根据实际的安装路径做相应的修改
#! /bin/bash
Servers=(Apache2, Nginx, Resin, Tomcat, Couchbase, SVN, ActiveMQ, Mongo);
Ops=(Start, Stop, Restart);
currentDir=$(pwd);
echo</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1682.htm"
title="【HBase六】REST操作HBase" target="_blank">【HBase六】REST操作HBase</a>
<span class="text-muted">bit1129</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/hbase/1.htm">hbase</a>
<div>HBase提供了REST风格的服务方便查看HBase集群的信息，以及执行增删改查操作
1. 启动和停止HBase REST 服务 1.1 启动REST服务
前台启动（默认端口号8080）
[hadoop@hadoop bin]$ ./hbase rest start
后台启动
hbase-daemon.sh start rest
启动时指定</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1809.htm"
title="大话zabbix 3.0设计假设" target="_blank">大话zabbix 3.0设计假设</a>
<span class="text-muted">ronin47</span>
<div>What’s new in Zabbix 2.0?
去年开始使用Zabbix的时候，是1.8.X的版本，今年Zabbix已经跨入了2.0的时代。看了2.0的release notes，和performance相关的有下面几个：
:: Performance improvements::Trigger related da</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/1936.htm"
title="http错误码大全" target="_blank">http错误码大全</a>
<span class="text-muted">byalias</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/http%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE/1.htm">http协议</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/javaweb/1.htm">javaweb</a>
<div>响应码由三位十进制数字组成，它们出现在由HTTP服务器发送的响应的第一行。
响应码分五种类型，由它们的第一位数字表示：
1）1xx：信息，请求收到，继续处理
2）2xx：成功，行为被成功地接受、理解和采纳
3）3xx：重定向，为了完成请求，必须进一步执行的动作
4）4xx：客户端错误，请求包含语法错误或者请求无法实现
5）5xx：服务器错误，服务器不能实现一种明显无效的请求
</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/2063.htm"
title="J2EE设计模式-Intercepting Filter" target="_blank">J2EE设计模式-Intercepting Filter</a>
<span class="text-muted">bylijinnan</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/java/1.htm">java</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/1.htm">设计模式</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84/1.htm">数据结构</a>
<div>Intercepting Filter类似于职责链模式
有两种实现
其中一种是Filter之间没有联系，全部Filter都存放在FilterChain中，由FilterChain来有序或无序地把把所有Filter调用一遍。没有用到链表这种数据结构。示例如下：
package com.ljn.filter.custom;
import java.util.ArrayList;</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/2190.htm"
title="修改jboss端口" target="_blank">修改jboss端口</a>
<span class="text-muted">chicony</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/jboss/1.htm">jboss</a>
<div>修改jboss端口
%JBOSS_HOME%\server\{服务实例名}\conf\bindingservice.beans\META-INF\bindings-jboss-beans.xml
中找到
<!-- The ports-default bindings are obtained by taking the base bindin</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/2317.htm"
title="c++ 用类模版实现数组类" target="_blank">c++ 用类模版实现数组类</a>
<span class="text-muted">CrazyMizzz</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/C%2B%2B/1.htm">C++</a>
<div>最近c++学到数组类，写了代码将他实现，基本具有vector类的功能
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cassert>
using namespace std;
template<class T>
class Array
{
public:
//构造函数
</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/2444.htm"
title="hadoop dfs.datanode.du.reserved 预留空间配置方法" target="_blank">hadoop dfs.datanode.du.reserved 预留空间配置方法</a>
<span class="text-muted">daizj</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/hadoop/1.htm">hadoop</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E9%A2%84%E7%95%99%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4/1.htm">预留空间</a>
<div>对于datanode配置预留空间的方法 为：在hdfs-site.xml添加如下配置
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.du.reserved</name>
<value>10737418240</value>
</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/2571.htm"
title="mysql远程访问的设置" target="_blank">mysql远程访问的设置</a>
<span class="text-muted">dcj3sjt126com</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/mysql/1.htm">mysql</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E5%A2%99/1.htm">防火墙</a>
<div>第一步: 激活网络设置 你需要编辑mysql配置文件my.cnf. 通常状况，my.cnf放置于在以下目录： /etc/mysql/my.cnf (Debian linux) /etc/my.cnf （Red Hat Linux/Fedora Linux) /var/db/mysql/my.cnf (FreeBSD) 然后用vi编辑my.cnf，修改内容从以下行： [mysqld] 你所需要: 1</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/2698.htm"
title="ios 使用特定的popToViewController返回到相应的Controller" target="_blank">ios 使用特定的popToViewController返回到相应的Controller</a>
<span class="text-muted">dcj3sjt126com</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/controller/1.htm">controller</a>
<div>1、取navigationCtroller中的Controllers
NSArray * ctrlArray = self.navigationController.viewControllers;
2、取出后，执行，
[self.navigationController popToViewController:[ctrlArray objectAtIndex:0] animated:YES</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/2825.htm"
title="Linux正则表达式和通配符的区别" target="_blank">Linux正则表达式和通配符的区别</a>
<span class="text-muted">eksliang</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F/1.htm">正则表达式</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E9%80%9A%E9%85%8D%E7%AC%A6%E5%92%8C%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB/1.htm">通配符和正则表达式的区别</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E9%80%9A%E9%85%8D%E7%AC%A6/1.htm">通配符</a>
<div>转载请出自出处：http://eksliang.iteye.com/blog/1976579
首先得明白二者是截然不同的
通配符只能用在shell命令中,用来处理字符串的的匹配。
判断一个命令是否为bash shell(linux 默认的shell)的内置命令
type -t commad
返回结果含义
file 表示为外部命令
alias 表示该</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/2952.htm"
title="Ubuntu Mysql Install and CONF" target="_blank">Ubuntu Mysql Install and CONF</a>
<span class="text-muted">gengzg</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/Install/1.htm">Install</a>
<div>http://www.navicat.com.cn/download/navicat-for-mysql
Step1: 下载Navicat ，网址：http://www.navicat.com/en/download/download.html
Step2：进入下载目录，解压压缩包：tar -zxvf navicat11_mysql_en.tar.gz </div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/3079.htm"
title="批处理，删除文件bat" target="_blank">批处理，删除文件bat</a>
<span class="text-muted">huqiji</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/windows/1.htm">windows</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/dos/1.htm">dos</a>
<div>@echo off
::演示：删除指定路径下指定天数之前（以文件名中包含的日期字符串为准）的文件。
::如果演示结果无误，把del前面的echo去掉，即可实现真正删除。
::本例假设文件名中包含的日期字符串（比如：bak-2009-12-25.log）
rem 指定待删除文件的存放路径
set SrcDir=C:/Test/BatHome
rem 指定天数
set DaysAgo=1</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/3206.htm"
title="跨浏览器兼容的HTML5视频音频播放器" target="_blank">跨浏览器兼容的HTML5视频音频播放器</a>
<span class="text-muted">天梯梦</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/html5/1.htm">html5</a>
<div>HTML5的video和audio标签是用来在网页中加入视频和音频的标签，在支持html5的浏览器中不需要预先加载Adobe Flash浏览器插件就能轻松快速的播放视频和音频文件。而html5media.js可以在不支持html5的浏览器上使video和audio标签生效。 How to enable <video> and <audio> tags in </div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/3333.htm"
title="Bundle自定义数据传递" target="_blank">Bundle自定义数据传递</a>
<span class="text-muted">hm4123660</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/android/1.htm">android</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/Serializable/1.htm">Serializable</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%BC%A0%E9%80%92/1.htm">自定义数据传递</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/Bundle/1.htm">Bundle</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/Parcelable/1.htm">Parcelable</a>
<div> 我们都知道Bundle可能过put****()方法添加各种基本类型的数据，Intent也可以通过putExtras(Bundle)将数据添加进去，然后通过startActivity()跳到下一下Activity的时候就把数据也传到下一个Activity了。如传递一个字符串到下一个Activity
把数据放到Intent</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/3460.htm"
title="C＃：异步编程和线程的使用（.NET 4.5 ）" target="_blank">C＃：异步编程和线程的使用（.NET 4.5 ）</a>
<span class="text-muted">powertoolsteam</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/.net/1.htm">.net</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B/1.htm">线程</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/C%23/1.htm">C#</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/1.htm">异步编程</a>
<div>异步编程和线程处理是并发或并行编程非常重要的功能特征。为了实现异步编程，可使用线程也可以不用。将异步与线程同时讲，将有助于我们更好的理解它们的特征。
本文中涉及关键知识点
1. 异步编程
2. 线程的使用
3. 基于任务的异步模式
4. 并行编程
5. 总结
异步编程
什么是异步操作？异步操作是指某些操作能够独立运行，不依赖主流程或主其他处理流程。通常情况下，C＃程序</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/3587.htm"
title="spark 查看 job history 日志" target="_blank">spark 查看 job history 日志</a>
<span class="text-muted">Stark_Summer</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97/1.htm">日志</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/spark/1.htm">spark</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/history/1.htm">history</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/job/1.htm">job</a>
<div>SPARK_HOME/conf 下:
spark-defaults.conf 增加如下内容
spark.eventLog.enabled true spark.eventLog.dir hdfs://master:8020/var/log/spark spark.eventLog.compress true
spark-env.sh 增加如下内容
export SP</div>
</li>
<li><a href="/article/3714.htm"
title="SSH框架搭建" target="_blank">SSH框架搭建</a>
<span class="text-muted">wangxiukai2015eye</span>
<a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/spring/1.htm">spring</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/Hibernate/1.htm">Hibernate</a><a class="tag" taget="_blank" href="/search/struts/1.htm">struts</a>
<div>MyEclipse搭建SSH框架 Struts Spring Hibernate
1、new一个web project。
2、右键项目，为项目添加Struts支持。
选择Struts2 Core Libraries -<MyEclipes-Library>
点击Finish。src目录下多了struts</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="container">
<div class="indexes">
<strong>按字母分类：</strong>
<a href="/tags/A/1.htm" target="_blank">A</a><a href="/tags/B/1.htm" target="_blank">B</a><a href="/tags/C/1.htm" target="_blank">C</a><a
href="/tags/D/1.htm" target="_blank">D</a><a href="/tags/E/1.htm" target="_blank">E</a><a href="/tags/F/1.htm" target="_blank">F</a><a
href="/tags/G/1.htm" target="_blank">G</a><a href="/tags/H/1.htm" target="_blank">H</a><a href="/tags/I/1.htm" target="_blank">I</a><a
href="/tags/J/1.htm" target="_blank">J</a><a href="/tags/K/1.htm" target="_blank">K</a><a href="/tags/L/1.htm" target="_blank">L</a><a
href="/tags/M/1.htm" target="_blank">M</a><a href="/tags/N/1.htm" target="_blank">N</a><a href="/tags/O/1.htm" target="_blank">O</a><a
href="/tags/P/1.htm" target="_blank">P</a><a href="/tags/Q/1.htm" target="_blank">Q</a><a href="/tags/R/1.htm" target="_blank">R</a><a
href="/tags/S/1.htm" target="_blank">S</a><a href="/tags/T/1.htm" target="_blank">T</a><a href="/tags/U/1.htm" target="_blank">U</a><a
href="/tags/V/1.htm" target="_blank">V</a><a href="/tags/W/1.htm" target="_blank">W</a><a href="/tags/X/1.htm" target="_blank">X</a><a
href="/tags/Y/1.htm" target="_blank">Y</a><a href="/tags/Z/1.htm" target="_blank">Z</a><a href="/tags/0/1.htm" target="_blank">其他</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer id="footer" class="mb30 mt30">
<div class="container">
<div class="footBglm">
<a target="_blank" href="/">首页</a> -
<a target="_blank" href="/custom/about.htm">关于我们</a> -
<a target="_blank" href="/search/Java/1.htm">站内搜索</a> -
<a target="_blank" href="/sitemap.txt">Sitemap</a> -
<a target="_blank" href="/custom/delete.htm">侵权投诉</a>
</div>
<div class="copyright">版权所有 IT知识库 CopyRight © 2000-2050 E-COM-NET.COM , All Rights Reserved.
<!-- <a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">京ICP备09083238号</a><br>-->
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<!-- 代码高亮 -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/syntaxhighlighter/scripts/shCore.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/syntaxhighlighter/scripts/shLegacy.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/syntaxhighlighter/scripts/shAutoloader.js"></script>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/static/syntaxhighlighter/styles/shCoreDefault.css"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/syntaxhighlighter/src/my_start_1.js"></script>
</body>
</html>