Prerequisites
- Access to a user account with sudo privileges
- The **yum **package manager, installed by default
- A text editor of your choice
Install FTP Server on CentOS 7
Step 1: Install FTP Service With VSFTPD
1. Start by updating the package manager:
sudo yum update
Allow the process to complete.
This guide uses the vsftpd (VSFTPD stands for “Very Secure FTP Daemon software package”). It’s a relatively easy software utility to use for creating an FTP server.
2. Install VSFTPD software with the following command:
sudo yum install vsftpd
Allow the operation to complete.
3. Start the service and set it to launch when the system boots with the following:
sudo systemctl start vsftpd
sudo systemctl enable vsftpd
4. Next, create a rule for your firewall to allow FTP traffic on Port 21:
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-port=21/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=ftp
sudo firewall-cmd –reload
Note: If you use a different firewall application, refer to the documentation to configure it correctly for Port 21. Also, some FTP clients use Port 20, so you may wish to include that rule as well. Simply copy the first line, and replace 21 with 20.
Step 2: Configuring VSFTPD
The behavior of the FTP service on your server is determined by the /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf configuration file.
1. Before starting, create a copy of the default configuration file:
sudo cp /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.default
This ensures that you have a way to return to the default configuration, in case you change a setting that causes a problem.
2. Next, edit the configuration file with the following command:
sudo nano /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
3. Set your FTP server to disable anonymous users and allow local users.
Find the following entries in the configuration file, and edit them to match the following:
anonymous_enable=NO
local_enable=YES
This is an important step. Anonymous access is a risky – you should avoid it unless you understand the risks.
4. Next, allow a logged-in user to upload files to your FTP server.
Find the following entry, and edit to match as follows:
write_enable-YES
Note: By default, this line starts with a # sign to indicate it’s a comment. Commenting is a useful way to turn commands on and off. The # sign can also be used to make notes in the file without the system interpreting them as instructions.
5. Limit FTP users to their own home directory. This is often called “jail” or “chroot jail.” Find and adjust the entry to match the following:
chroot_local_user=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
Note: for test purposes, the allow_writeable_chroot=YES option will create a functioning FTP server that you can test and use. Some administrators advocate the use of the user_sub_token option for better security. Refer to the vsftpd documentation for more information on this option.
6.The vsftpd utility provides a way to create an approved user list. To manage users this way, find the userlist_enableentry, then edit the file to look as follows:
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/user_list
userlist_deny=NO
You can now edit the /etc/vsftpd/user_list file, and add your list of users. (List one per line.) The userlist_deny option lets you specify users to be included; setting it to yes would change the list to users that are blocked.
7. Once you’re finished editing the configuration file, save your changes. Restart the vsftpd service to apply changes:
sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
Step 3: Create a New FTP user
1. To create a new FTP user enter the following:
sudo adduser testuser
sudo passwd testuser
The system should prompt you to enter and confirm a password for the new user.
2. Add the new user to the userlist:
echo “testuser” | sudo tee –a /etc/vsftpd/user_list
3. Create a directory for the new user, and adjust permissions:
sudo mkdir –p /home/testuser/ftp/upload
sudo chmod 550 /home/testuser/ftp
sudo chmod 750 /home/testuser/ftp/upload
sudo chown –R testuser: /home/testuser/ftp
Note: This creates a home/testuser directory for the new user, with a special directory for uploads. It sets permissions for uploads only to the /uploads directory.
4. Now, you can log in to your FTP server with the user you created:
ftp 192.168.01
Replace this IP address with the one from your system. You can find your IP address with the ip addr command.
The system should prompt you for a username – enter testuser (or whatever username you created earlier). Type the password, and the system should log you in.
Step 4: Test the FTP server
To Test the FTP Server Locally, use the command:
ftp localhost