c++两种设计模式 单例和工厂模式

c++两种设计模式 单例和工厂模式

一.单例

1.单例的概念

1.当前的类最多只能创建一个实例

2.当前这个唯一的实例,必须由当前类创建(自主创建),而不是调用者创建

3.必须向整个系统提供全局的访问点,来获取唯一的实例

2.单例的代码

#include 
using namespace std;

class CSingleton {

	CSingleton(){}
	CSingleton(const CSingleton&) = delete;//弃用拷贝构造函数
	static CSingleton* m_spring;
	~CSingleton() {}
public:
	static struct DeleteSingleton {//保证申请的堆空间一定被回收
		~DeleteSingleton() {
			if(m_spring)
				delete m_spring;
			m_spring = nullptr;
		}
	} del;//静态对象,在程序结束时静态对象会自动被回收,然后就会调用析构函数,就一定能保证申请的堆空间被回收

	//有问题的代码,在多线程下,可能会创建多个对象
	static CSingleton* CreatCSingleton() {
		//加锁
		if (!m_spring) {//如果指针为空,则创建对象
			m_spring = new  CSingleton;
		}
		//解锁
		return m_spring;
	}

	static void DestoryCSingleton(CSingleton*& psin) {
		if (m_spring)
			delete m_spring;
		m_spring = nullptr;
		psin = nullptr;
	}

	/*~CSingleton() {//这里不能使用析构进行回收,这里回收的是对象,这样的话就会不断的调用析构
		if (m_spring) {
			delete m_spring;
			m_spring = nullptr;
		}
	}*/


};
CSingleton::DeleteSingleton CSingleton::del;//类外定义初始化, 格式: 类型 类名::静态变量名
CSingleton* CSingleton:: m_spring(nullptr);


int main() {//主函数进行测试
	
	CSingleton* p1 = CSingleton::CreatCSingleton();
	CSingleton* p2 = CSingleton::CreatCSingleton();

	cout << p1 << "   " << p2 << endl;
	CSingleton::DestoryCSingleton(p1);
	return 0;
}

3.懒汉式和饿汉式

懒汉式:当第一次调用这个接口函数时,先创建单例 时间换空间的做法

饿汉式:无论是否调用获取单例接口函数,都会提前创建单例 空间换时间的做法

懒汉式代码就是上面的代码

饿汉式代码

//饿汉式
class CSingleton {

	CSingleton() {}
	CSingleton(const CSingleton&) = delete;
	static CSingleton sing;
	~CSingleton() {}
public:
	static CSingleton* CreatCSingleton() {
			return &sing;
	}
};

CSingleton CSingleton::sing; 

4.单例模式的优点

1.单例模式提供了严格的对唯一实例的创建,访问和销毁,安全性高

2.单例模式的实现可以节省系统资源

二.工厂模式

1.概念

工厂模式主要用来集中创建对象的,如果在任何使用的地方创建对象那就造成了类或方法之间的耦合,如果要更换对象那么在所有使用到的地方都要修改一遍,不利于后期的维护,也违背了开闭设计原则,如果使用工厂来创建对象,那么就彻底解耦合了,如果要修改著需要修改工厂类即可,工厂模式最大的优势:解耦

2.简单工厂

class CEngine {
public:
	virtual void woring() = 0;
};

class  CEngine2L: public CEngine {
	void woring() {
		cout<<"2.0自然吸气发动机正在工作" <woring();
			cout << "汽车正在行驶" << endl;
		}
	}
	~CCar() {
		if (m_engine) {
			delete m_engine;
			m_engine = nullptr;
		}
	}
};
int main() {
	CCar tst1;
	CCar tst2("2.0L");
	tst1.dirve();
	tst2.dirve();
}

简单工厂就是在上面代码的基础上进行解耦

耦合这里来看就是:如果发动机函数增加参数的话,那么汽车类中与发动机函数有交互的函数的内容也需要改,就是牵一发而动全身

进行解耦代码为

class CEngine {
public:
	virtual void woring() = 0;
};

class  CEngine2L : public CEngine {
	void woring() {
		cout << "2.0自然吸气发动机正在工作" << endl;
	}
};

class CEngine2T : public CEngine {
	void woring() {
		cout << "2.0涡轮增压发动机正在工作" << endl;
	}
};
//创建发动机的具体代码写在这里
class CFactoryEngine {
public:
	CEngine* CreatEngine(const string& type) {
		if (type == "2.0L") {
			return new CEngine2L;
		}
		else if (type == "2.0T") {
			return new CEngine2T;
		}
		else {
			return nullptr;
		}
	}
};

class CCar {
public:
	CEngine* m_engine;
	CCar() :m_engine(new CEngine2L) {}
    
	//引入简单工厂后的写法
	CCar(CFactoryEngine* pFac,const string& type):m_engine(pFac? pFac->CreatEngine(type):nullptr){}
    
	void dirve() {
		if (m_engine) {
			m_engine->woring();
			cout << "汽车正在行驶" << endl;
		}
	}
	~CCar() {
		if (m_engine) {
			delete m_engine;
			m_engine = nullptr;
		}
	}
};
int main(){
	CFactoryEngine Fac;
	CCar audi(&Fac, "2.0L");
	audi.dirve();
	CCar benzi(&Fac, "2.0L"); 
	benzi.dirve();
}

3.工厂方法

工厂方法就是在简单工厂的基础上 把工厂进行细化 每个产品对应一个工厂(之前的简单工厂每有一个新产品就要将工厂的功能进行修改很麻烦,工厂进行细化之后,如果有新的产品我们只需要增加工厂的功能就行了)

代码如下

#include 
using namespace std;

class CEngine {
public:
	virtual void woring() = 0;
};

class  CEngine2L : public CEngine {
	void woring() {
		cout << "2.0自然吸气发动机正在工作" << endl;
	}
};

class CEngine2T : public CEngine {
	void woring() {
		cout << "2.0涡轮增压发动机正在工作" << endl;
	}
};


class CFactoryEngine {
public:
	virtual CEngine* CreatEngine() = 0;
};


class CFactoryEngine2L :public CFactoryEngine {
public:
	virtual CEngine* CreatEngine() {
		return new CEngine2L;

	}

};

class CFactoryEngine2T :public CFactoryEngine {
public:
	virtual CEngine* CreatEngine() {
		return new CEngine2T;
	}

};

class CCar {
public:
	CEngine* m_engine;
	CCar() :m_engine(new CEngine2L) {}

	CCar(CFactoryEngine* pFac) :m_engine(pFac ? pFac->CreatEngine() : nullptr) {}

	void dirve() {
		if (m_engine) {
			m_engine->woring();
			cout << "汽车正在行驶" << endl;
		}
	}
	~CCar() {
		if (m_engine) {
			delete m_engine;
			m_engine = nullptr;
		}
	}
};


int main() {
	
	CFactoryEngine* Fac2L = new CFactoryEngine2L;
	CFactoryEngine* Fac2T = new CFactoryEngine2T;
	
	CCar audi(Fac2L);
	audi.dirve();

	CCar benzi(Fac2T);
	benzi.dirve();
	return 0;
}

4.抽象工厂

抽象工厂就是在工厂方法的基础上将所有工厂统一管理

代码如下

#include 
using namespace std;

class CEngine {
public:
	virtual void woring() = 0;
};

class  CEngine2L : public CEngine {
	void woring() {
		cout << "2.0自然吸气发动机正在工作" << endl;
	}
};

class CEngine2T : public CEngine {
	void woring() {
		cout << "2.0涡轮增压发动机正在工作" << endl;
	}
};


class CGearBox {
public:
	virtual void woring() = 0;
};

class  CGearBoxAuto : public CGearBox {
	void woring() {
		cout << "自动变速器正在工作" << endl;
	}
};

class CGearBoxMaual : public CGearBox {
	void woring() {
		cout << "手动变速器正在工作" << endl;
	}
};
//加速器
class CFactoryEngine {
public:
	virtual CEngine* CreatEngine() = 0;
};


class CFactoryEngine2L :public CFactoryEngine {
public:
	virtual CEngine* CreatEngine() {
		return new CEngine2L;

	}

};

class CFactoryEngine2T :public CFactoryEngine {
public:
	virtual CEngine* CreatEngine() {
		return new CEngine2T;
	}

};

//变速器
class CFactoryEngineGearBox {
public:
	virtual CGearBox* CreatBox() = 0;
};

class CFactoryEngineGearBoxAuto :public CFactoryEngineGearBox {
public:
	virtual CGearBox* CreatBox() {
		return new CGearBoxAuto;

	}

};

class CFactoryEngineGearBoxMaual :public CFactoryEngineGearBox {
public:
	virtual CGearBox* CreatBox() {
		return new CGearBoxMaual;
	}

};

//统一工厂
class CFactory {
public:
	virtual CGearBox* CreatBox() = 0;
	virtual void woring() = 0;
};

class CFactory2TAuto :public CFactory {
public:
	virtual CGearBox* CreatBox() {
		return new CGearBoxAuto;

	}
	virtual CEngine* CreatEngine() {
		return new CEngine2T;
	}
};

class CFactory2TMaual :public CFactory {
public:
	virtual CGearBox* CreatBox() {
		return new CGearBoxMaual;
	}

	virtual CEngine* CreatEngine() {
		return new CEngine2T;
	}
};
class CCar {
public:
	CEngine* m_engine;
	CGearBox* m_gearbox;
	CCar() :m_engine(new CEngine2L) {}
	
	CCar(CFactoryEngine* pFacEngine, CFactoryEngineGearBox* pFacGearBox) :
		m_engine(pFacEngine ? pFacEngine->CreatEngine() : nullptr)
		, m_gearbox(pFacGearBox ? pFacGearBox->CreatBox() : nullptr)
	{}
	void dirve() {
		if (m_engine) {
			m_engine->woring();
			cout << "汽车正在行驶" << endl;

		}
		if (m_gearbox) {
			m_gearbox->woring();
			cout << "变速器正在工作" << endl;

		}
	}
	~CCar() {
		if (m_engine) {
			delete m_engine;
			m_engine = nullptr;
		}
		if (m_gearbox) {
			delete m_gearbox;
			m_gearbox = nullptr;
		}
	}
};


int main() {

	CFactoryEngine* PFa1 = new CFactoryEngine2L;
	CFactoryEngineGearBox* PFa2 = new CFactoryEngineGearBoxAuto;
	CCar audi(PFa1,PFa2);
	audi.dirve();

	return 0;
}

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