几个月前空闲时候爬了下外卖的寿司数据（才不会承认是那段时间靠外卖维持生存），得闲写写分享下。本文适合围观群众和有一丁点基础的人。
tips:本爬虫为了提高爬取速度，使用了异步协程，有需要且数据量小的喷油并不建议这么使用，会被封掉，可以修改为常规同步代码。
根据数据分析的ETL流程，该小爬虫讲解如下：
- 先准备下面的Python第三方包：
import requests
import aiohttp
import asyncio
from multiprocessing.pool import Pool
from datetime import date
import pymysql
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
import collections
2.然后选择一个外卖平台进行分析，这里我选择的是ele.me，原因就是因为简单！简单！简单！
ele.me可以直接通过Chrome的web分析找到数据接口，没有那么多反爬套路。
接下来上正餐~~~~
2.1先定义好一个请求数据的函数：
async def gethtml(url):
header = {
'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8',
'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Host': 'www.ele.me',
'Referer': 'https://www.ele.me/place/wsbrgts6d1ry?latitude=28.111704&longitude=113.011304',
'x-shard': 'loc=113.011304,28.111704',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36',
}
try:
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async with session.get(url=url, headers=header3) as r:
# time.sleep(0.5)
if not r.raise_for_status():
data = await r.json()
# print(data)
# data = ujson.loads(data)
return data
except Exception as e:
print(e)
pass
后续的数据请求都是通过这个函数，因为使用的是异步协程，所以使用async定义。
2.2接下来是数据提取函数：
def getshopid(html):
shop_id = {i['restaurant']['id'] for i in html['restaurant_with_foods']}
return shop_id
def geturl(ids):
restaurant_url = {'https://www.ele.me/restapi/shopping/restaurant/%s?latitude=28.09515&longitude=113.012001&terminal=web' %
shop_id for shop_id in ids}
foodurl = {'https://www.ele.me/restapi/shopping/v2/menu?restaurant_id=%s&terminal=web' %
shop_id for shop_id in ids}
return restaurant_url, foodurl
函数分别是获取店铺id，获取店铺详情，这里面需要注意的是提取数据要注意去重，这里使用了简单暴力的集合数据结构去重。
2.3数据提取完毕，接下来使用pandas重新载入数据做最后的分析，如下:
def food_table(foodlists):
foods = {(y['specfoods'][0]['restaurant_id'], y['name'], y['specfoods'][0]['price'],y['month_sales'], date.today().strftime('%Y-%m-%d'), date.today().strftime('%A')) for foodlist in foodlists for x in foodlist for y in x['foods']}
return foods
def shop_table(shoplist):
shop_detail = {(shop['id'], shop['name'], shop['distance'], shop['float_delivery_fee'],shop['float_minimum_order_amount'], shop['rating'], shop['rating_count']) for shop in shoplist}
return shop_detail
函数分别是生成食物详情表，店铺详情表。
2.4最后一步就是做分析，使用pandas处理，这里以简单的每个店铺月销售总额做为指标：
def join_table(shoptable, foodtable):
shoptable = pd.DataFrame(list(shoptable), columns=[ 'id', 'name', 'distance', 'delivery_fee', 'minimum_order_amount', 'rating', 'rating_count'])
foodtable = pd.DataFrame(list(foodtable), columns=['id', 'fname', 'price', 'msale', 'date', 'weekday'])
# print(foodtable.values)
new = pd.merge(shoptable, foodtable, on='id')
new['total'] = new['msale'] * new['price']
group = new.groupby(['name', 'id'])
return new, group.sum()
这一步是用pandas替代了SQL做处理，也可以存入MySQL中再处理，代码如下：
connect = create_engine( 'mysql+pymysql://root:12345678@localhost:3306/waimai?charset=utf8')
pd.io.sql.to_sql(frame=detail, name=k, con=connect, if_exists='append')
3.处理函数全部定义好，就可以开始写main函数了：
async def main(name):
pool = Pool(8)
# html = await gethtml(yangqi)
htasks = [asyncio.ensure_future(gethtml(url))for url in name]
htmls = await asyncio.gather(*htasks)
# ids = getshopid(html)
# print(htmls)
ids = [getshopid(html) for html in htmls]
# print(ids)
restaurant_url, food_url = geturl(ids[0])
print('async crawl...')
shoptasks = [asyncio.ensure_future(
gethtml(url)) for url in restaurant_url]
foodtasks = [asyncio.ensure_future(
gethtml(url)) for url in food_url]
fdone, fpending = await asyncio.wait(foodtasks)
sdone, spending = await asyncio.wait(shoptasks)
shoplist = [task.result() for task in sdone]
foodlist = [task.result() for task in fdone]
print('distribute pasrse....')
sparse_jobs = [pool.apply_async(shop_table, args=(shoplist,))]
fparse_jobs = [pool.apply_async(food_table, args=(foodlist,))]
shoptable = [x.get() for x in sparse_jobs][0]
foodtable = [x.get() for x in fparse_jobs][0]
new, result = join_table(shoptable, foodtable)
return new, result
4.最后一波操作，执行main函数：
while len(lists)>0:
for k,v in list(lists.items()):
try:
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
tasks = asyncio.ensure_future(main(v))
loop.run_until_complete(tasks)
detail, totals = tasks.result()
lists.pop(k)
print('done:{}'.format(k))
except KeyError:
print('fail:{}'.format(k))
pass
else:
connect = create_engine( 'mysql+pymysql://root:12345678@localhost:3306/waimai?charset=utf8')
pd.io.sql.to_sql(frame=detail, name=k, con=connect, if_exists='append')
因为是异步，需要在事件循环中执行。里面的lists就是自己想要搜索的区域中的外卖店列表，下面提供几个列表示例：
wuyisquare=['https://www.ele.me/restapi/shopping/restaurants/search?extras%5B%5D=activity&keyword=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1&latitude=28.19652&limit=100&longitude=112.977361&offset={0}&terminal=web'.format(x) for x in range(0, 120, 24)]
sushi = ['https://www.ele.me/restapi/shopping/restaurants/search?extras%5B%5D=activity&keyword=%E5%AF%BF%E5%8F%B8&latitude=28.111704&limit=100&longitude=113.011304&offset={0}&terminal=web'.format(x) for x in range(0, 120, 24)]
yangqi = ['https://www.ele.me/restapi/shopping/restaurants/search?extras%5B%5D=activity&keyword=%E8%8C%B6&latitude=28.23188&limit=100&longitude=112.871522&offset={0}&terminal=web'.format(x) for x in range(0, 120, 24)]
tea = ['https://www.ele.me/restapi/shopping/restaurants/search?extras%5B%5D=activity&keyword=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1&latitude=28.09515&limit=100&longitude=113.012001&offset={0}&terminal=web'.format(x) for x in range(0, 120, 24)]
fen = ['https://www.ele.me/restapi/shopping/restaurants/search?extras%5B%5D=activity&keyword=%E7%AD%92%E5%AD%90%E9%AA%A8%E7%B2%89&latitude=28.111704&limit=100&longitude=113.011304&offset={0}&terminal=web'.format(x) for x in range(0, 120, 24)]
gaosheng = ['https://www.ele.me/restapi/shopping/restaurants/search?extras%5B%5D=activity&keyword=%E7%B2%89&latitude=28.09515&limit=100&longitude=113.012001&offset={0}&terminal=web'.format(x) for x in range(0, 120, 24)]
fangcun = ['https://www.ele.me/restapi/shopping/restaurants/search?extras%5B%5D=activity&keyword=%E6%96%B9%E5%AF%B8%E5%AF%BF%E5%8F%B8&latitude=28.23188&limit=100&longitude=112.871522&offset={0}&terminal=web'.format(x) for x in range(0, 120, 24)]
luoyide = ['https://www.ele.me/restapi/shopping/restaurants/search?extras%5B%5D=activity&keyword=%E7%BD%97%E4%B9%89%E5%BE%B7&latitude=28.23188&limit=100&longitude=112.871522&offset={0}&terminal=web'.format(x) for x in range(0, 120, 24)]
lists={'sushi':sushi,'tea':tea,'fen':fen,'gaosheng':gaosheng,'luoyide':luoyide,'fangcun':fangcun}
URL只要替换keyword和latitude，longitude就可以搜索自己想要区域，经度纬度可以通过各类地图API获取，这里就不打广告了
这个爬虫使用了异步请求，集合去重，pandas的数据库同步写入等基础知识，适合练手，至于数据的价值自己慢慢挖掘，有点意思。
比如月售与各种维度的关系，比如散点图，柱状图，日历热点图：
image.png
image
下一波玩一玩微信和QQ机器人，敬请期待~~~~~