python中嵌入C语言脚本

借助Cinpy和C语言解释器TinyCC，可以在python程序里面直接嵌入C语言片断、不经编译直接使用C编写的函数了。

win2k平台上，简单的测试对比数据如下（递归方法计算第四十项兔子数列fib（40））

语言	实现		时间 （单位：秒）	评
python	官方python 2.4.3	纯python fib函数	568.718	天啊
		使用psyco加速的python fib函数	17.922	比较接近，还行
		使用swig直接转换的C语言编写的模块	13.453
		使用Cinpy嵌入fib函数	11.532
C	VC6	速度优化编译的可执行文件	5.562
	TinyCC 0.9.23	编译的可执行文件	6.719
		解释执行	6.813
FreeBASIC	fbc 0.16b	编译的可执行文件（-arch 486)	8.022
		编译的可执行文件（-arch 686)	7.619
forth	4th 3.5a2	4th cx fib.4th	277	这个表现太失望了
		4th csv fib.4th fib.hx 4th lx fib.hx	196
		4th lg fib.hx fib.c mingw -O2 fib.c -o fib.exe	110
	gforth-0.6.2	Gforth-fast fib.gfth	14.719	不错，不过不是说和C的速度可以比嘛？ 怎么也就是优化的python的速度啊

　

注：

1. 其余源程序
   • freebasic

     function fib(x as integer) as integer
     	if x<=1 then
     		return 1
     	else
     		return fib(x-1) + fib(x-2)
     	end if
     end function
     
     dim starttime, endtime as double
     dim res as integer
     
     starttime=timer
     res=fib(40)
     endtime=timer
     print "fib(40)= ";res
     print "time elapsed: "; (endtime-starttime); " s"
           

   • 4th　

     : fib ( x -- y )
     	dup 2 > if
     		dup  1 - recurse
     		swap 2 - recurse +
     		exit
     	then
     		drop 1 ;
     
     time
     
     41 fib . cr
     
     time
     swap -
     ." time elapsed " . ." s" cr

   • gforth-0.6.2

     : fib ( x -- y ) 
     	dup 2 > if 
     		dup  1 - recurse 
     		swap 2 - recurse +  
     		exit 
     	then 
     		drop 1 ;
     		
     utime
     
     41 fib . cr
     
     utime
     2swap d- 
     ." time elapsed " d. ." us" cr

    

2. 如果在windows下使用mingw编译当前的TinyCC，嵌入C脚本会报错：
   tcc: file '/c/Program Files/tcc/libtcc1.a' not found

   Doug Currie在tcc的邮件列表里面提供了一个补丁：

   Here is what I did (and reported to the mailing list) last February,
   so the patch may not be accurate for more recent versions, but the
   issues are the same...

   I have been able to create a libtcc.dll for WinXP using MinGW/MSYS;
   the changes that were necessary were very minor. Perhaps this
   description will help others use libtcc on Windows.

   First, a small bug to report:

   In tcc.c the function tcc_basename() follows the line:

   #if !defined(LIBTCC)

   but the function tcc_basename() is used in pe_build_exports() in
   tccpe.c -- moving the #if line below the function tcc_basename()
   eliminates a link error building libtcc.dll in PE target mode.

   Second, configuring and making tcc with MSYS places a pathname in
   config.h in MSYS format. For example, I passed the argument

   --prefix=/c/Dev/tcc

   to configure; this path was good for building tcc.exe and didn't
   contain any spaces, unlike the default path. This creates the line

   #define CONFIG_TCCDIR "/c/Dev/tcc"

   in config.h. Manually changing this line to

   #define CONFIG_TCCDIR "C:/Dev/tcc"

   enables libtcc.dll to find the include files and libraries once the
   library is built. [The application tcc.exe avoids this problem by
   setting tcc_lib_path from the application's directory at startup. A

   similar solution could be used for the library using DllMain.]

   So, after configure, fix CONFIG_TCCDIR in config.h and make.

   
   Finally, the library libtcc.dll can be built with the MSYS command:

   gcc -O2 -shared -Wall -Wl,--export-all-symbols /
   -mpreferred-stack-boundary=2 /
   -march=i386 -falign-functions=0 -fno-strict-aliasing /
   -DTCC_TARGET_PE -DLIBTCC -o libtcc.dll tcc.c

   Below is a diff of tcc-0.9.23 tcc.c and the changes for LIBTCC with
   TCC_TARGET_PE and DLL location of library files.

   Regards,

   e

   
   $ diff -u ../tcc-0.9.23-o/tcc.c tcc.c
   --- ../tcc-0.9.23-o/tcc.c       Fri Jun 17 18:09:15 2005
   +++ tcc.c       Tue Feb 28 17:03:44 2006
   @@ -10157,8 +10157,6 @@
                        flag_name, value);
    }

   -#if !defined(LIBTCC)
   -
    /* extract the basename of a file */
    static const char *tcc_basename(const char *name)
    {
   @@ -10175,6 +10173,35 @@
        return p;
    }

   +#if defined(LIBTCC)
   +
   +#ifdef WIN32
   +int __stdcall DllMain(void * hinstDLL, unsigned long fdwReason, void *
   lpvReserved)
   +{
   +    if (fdwReason == 1/*DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH*/)
   +    {
   +    /* on win32, as implemented in main()
   +       we suppose the lib and includes are at the location of this library
   +    */
   +        static char path[1024];
   +        char *p, *d;
   +
   +        GetModuleFileNameA(hinstDLL, path, sizeof path);
   +        p = d = strlwr(path);
   +        while (*d)
   +        {
   +            if (*d == '//') *d = '/', p = d;
   +            ++d;
   +        }
   +        *p = '/0';
   +        tcc_lib_path = path;
   +    }
   +    return 1 /*TRUE*/;
   +}
   +#endif
   +
   +#else /* !LIBTCC */
    static int64_t getclock_us(void)
    {
    #ifdef WIN32