目录
1、Bridge模式的提出
2、Bridge模式的定义
3、Bridge模式总结
4、需求描述
5、多继承方式实现
6、使用Bridge设计模式实现
在软件功能模块设计中,如果类的实现功能划分不清晰,使得继承得到的子类往往是随着需求的变化,子类急剧膨胀,充斥重复代码。将类要实现功能划分清楚是设计较好软件框架的关键。
对于类的实现功能具有两个变化的维度,甚至由多个维度的变化,使用类的多继承实现方式,会使子类数目急剧膨胀。Bridge模式使用“对象间的组合关系”解耦抽象和实现之间固有的绑定关系,使得抽象和实现可以沿着各自的维度变化,即将不同的维度分别进行抽象,然后各自根据变化维度进行继承。
Bridge模式的应用一般在“两个非常强的变化维度”,有时一个类甚至有多个变化的维度,这时使用Bridge模式的扩展模式来设计代码。
手机有固有属性(材料、颜色、摄像头个数)和软件属性(开机动画、网络打印、支持app数目)。有2款A、B类型手机,A、B分别继承手机的固有属性功能。在A款基础上又有2款Higher、Pro类型,Higher、Pro分别继承手机的软件功能;在B款的基础上也有2种Higher、Pro,这2种也分别继承手机的软件功能。
#include
class MobilePhone
{
public:
//手机材质
virtual void PhoneMaterial()=0;
//手机颜色
virtual void PhoneColor()=0;
//手机大小
virtual void PhoneCameNum()=0;
//开机动画
virtual void BootAnimation()=0;
//网络打印类型
virtual void NetPrintType()=0;
//软件支持数目
virtual void SoftSuppotNum()=0;
virtual ~MobilePhone(){
};
};
//下面的类继承关系中,不同层级的类继承不同抽象函数,可以分函数抽象一个类,见Bridge模式。
class APhoneNoraml:public MobilePhone
{
public:
virtual ~APhoneNoraml(){};
virtual void PhoneMaterial()override{
std::cout << "Glass material" << std::endl;
};
virtual void PhoneColor()override{
std::cout << "2 Colors" << std::endl;
};
virtual void PhoneCameNum()override{
std::cout << "2 CamNum" << std::endl;
};
};
class BPhoneNoraml:public MobilePhone
{
public:
virtual ~BPhoneNoraml(){};
virtual void PhoneMaterial()override{
std::cout << "Glass material" << std::endl;
};
virtual void PhoneColor()override{
std::cout << "3 Colors" << std::endl;
};
virtual void PhoneCameNum()override{
std::cout << "3 CamNum" << std::endl;
};
};
class APhoneHiger:public APhoneNoraml
{
public:
virtual ~APhoneHiger(){};
virtual void BootAnimation()override{
APhoneNoraml::PhoneMaterial();
APhoneNoraml::PhoneColor();
APhoneNoraml::PhoneCameNum();
std::cout << "good luck" << std::endl;
};
virtual void NetPrintType()override{
std::cout << "Support base txt type" << std::endl;
};
virtual void SoftSuppotNum()override{
std::cout << "Support 20 app" << std::endl;
};
};
class BPhoneHiger:public BPhoneNoraml
{
public:
virtual ~BPhoneHiger(){};
virtual void BootAnimation()override{
BPhoneNoraml::PhoneMaterial();
BPhoneNoraml::PhoneColor();
BPhoneNoraml::PhoneCameNum();
std::cout << "gook lunck" << std::endl;
};
virtual void NetPrintType()override{
std::cout << "Support base txt type" << std::endl;
};
virtual void SoftSuppotNum()override{
std::cout << "Support 20 app" << std::endl;
};
};
class APhonePro:public APhoneNoraml
{
public:
virtual ~APhonePro(){};
virtual void BootAnimation()override{
APhoneNoraml::PhoneMaterial();
APhoneNoraml::PhoneColor();
APhoneNoraml::PhoneCameNum();
std::cout << "best wishes" << std::endl;
};
virtual void NetPrintType()override{
std::cout << "Support base 3 type" << std::endl;
};
virtual void SoftSuppotNum()override{
std::cout << "Support 30 app" << std::endl;
};
};
class BPhonePro:public BPhoneNoraml
{
public:
virtual ~BPhonePro(){};
virtual void BootAnimation()override{
BPhoneNoraml::PhoneMaterial();
BPhoneNoraml::PhoneColor();
BPhoneNoraml::PhoneCameNum();
std::cout << "best wishes" << std::endl;
};
virtual void NetPrintType()override{
std::cout << "Support base 3 type" << std::endl;
};
virtual void SoftSuppotNum()override{
std::cout << "Support 30 app" << std::endl;
};
};
int main()
{
MobilePhone* higherA = new APhoneHiger();
higherA->BootAnimation();
higherA->NetPrintType();
higherA->SoftSuppotNum();
delete higherA;
higherA = nullptr;
MobilePhone* proA = new APhonePro();
proA->BootAnimation();
proA->NetPrintType();
proA->SoftSuppotNum();
delete proA;
proA = nullptr;
return 0;
}
运行结果如下:
#include
//将第一个变化维度的三个函数抽象成一个类,供第二层继承使用
class MobilePhone
{
public:
//手机材质
virtual void PhoneMaterial()=0;
//手机颜色
virtual void PhoneColor()=0;
//手机大小
virtual void PhoneCameNum()=0;
virtual ~MobilePhone(){}
};
//将第二个变化维度的三个函数抽象出一个类,供第三层继承使用
class MobileSoft
{
public:
MobileSoft(MobilePhone* p):Imp(p){};
MobilePhone *Imp;
//开机动画
virtual void BootAnimation()=0;
//网络打印类型
virtual void NetPrintType()=0;
//软件支持数目
virtual void SoftSuppotNum()=0;
};
class APhoneNoraml:public MobilePhone
{
public:
virtual ~APhoneNoraml(){};
virtual void PhoneMaterial()override{
std::cout << "Glass material" << std::endl;
};
virtual void PhoneColor()override{
std::cout << "2 Colors" << std::endl;
};
virtual void PhoneCameNum()override{
std::cout << "2 CamNum" << std::endl;
};
};
class BPhoneNoraml:public MobilePhone
{
public:
virtual ~BPhoneNoraml(){};
virtual void PhoneMaterial()override{
std::cout << "Glass material" << std::endl;
};
virtual void PhoneColor()override{
std::cout << "3 Colors" << std::endl;
};
virtual void PhoneCameNum()override{
std::cout << "3 CamNum" << std::endl;
};
};
//在第三层继承关系处使用对象组合。
class PhoneHiger:public MobileSoft
{
public:
PhoneHiger(MobilePhone *p):MobileSoft(p){};
virtual ~PhoneHiger(){};
virtual void BootAnimation()override{
Imp->PhoneMaterial();
Imp->PhoneColor();
Imp->PhoneCameNum();
std::cout << "good luck" << std::endl;
};
virtual void NetPrintType()override{
std::cout << "Support base txt type" << std::endl;
};
virtual void SoftSuppotNum()override{
std::cout << "Support 20 app" << std::endl;
};
};
class PhonePro:public MobileSoft
{
public:
PhonePro(MobilePhone *p):MobileSoft(p){};
virtual ~PhonePro(){};
virtual void BootAnimation()override{
Imp->PhoneMaterial();
Imp->PhoneColor();
Imp->PhoneCameNum();
std::cout << "best wishes" << std::endl;
};
virtual void NetPrintType()override{
std::cout << "Support base 3 type" << std::endl;
};
virtual void SoftSuppotNum()override{
std::cout << "Support 30 app" << std::endl;
};
};
int main()
{
std::cout << " ************** PhoneHiger ************** " << std::endl;
MobilePhone *normalA = new APhoneNoraml();
MobileSoft *higherA = new PhoneHiger(normalA);
higherA->BootAnimation();
higherA->NetPrintType();
higherA->SoftSuppotNum();
std::cout << "\n ************** PhonePro ************** " << std::endl;
MobilePhone *normalPro = new APhoneNoraml();
MobileSoft *proA = new PhonePro(normalPro);
proA->BootAnimation();
proA->NetPrintType();
proA->SoftSuppotNum();
return 0;
}
运行结果如下:
上面的代码将不同的变化维度分别抽象成一个类,供子类继承;并且其中一个维度的继承关系用“类成员是基类对象”组合的方式进行替代,使功能类代码具有良好的扩展性,也遵循单一职责原则。