概述
数量词或者数量词词组常用来修饰名词，表示我们所说的事物的数与量。有些数量词修饰可数名词复数，如many, a few,serveral,有些数量词修饰不可数名词，如much,a little,而有些则是两者都会进行修饰，如a lot of, lots of, some等。
修饰可数名词
How many egges are there in the fridge ? 冰箱里有多少鸡蛋？
There are a few. 有几个。
修饰不可数名词
How much milk is there in the fridge ? 冰箱里有多少牛奶？
There is a little. 有一些。
同时修饰可数名词和不可数名词
How many egges are there in the fridge ? 冰箱里有多少鸡蛋？
There are plenty. 有很多。
How much milk is there in the fridge ? 冰箱里有多少牛奶？
There is plenty.
数量词 + 名词的组合形式
many books
数量词 + 不可数名词
Much sugar
数量词 + 复数可数名词
some books
数量词 + 不可数名词
some sugar
数量词 + 单数可数名词
each book
例句
数量词 + 复数可数名词
We have fewer students specializing in maths than in Enghlish. 我们数学专业的学生比英语专业的少。
数量词 + 不可数名词
I’d like a bit of bread with this cheese. 我想要一小块夹着这种奶酪的面包。
数量词 + 单数可数名词
It's each/every man for himself in this business. 在这个行业中每个人都为他自己。
表示不确定的数量
数量可以是确定的，也就是说，我们可以确定的说出到底有多少。
We need six eggs and half a kilo of butter. 我们需要六个鸡蛋和半公斤黄油。
表示数量是不确定的时候，只是描述大概的情况。
Are there any apples in the bag ? 袋子里有苹果吗？
Mrs. Jones bought a bag of flour, a bag of sugar and some tea. 琼斯太太买了一袋面粉、一袋糖和一些茶叶。
数量词常常和more连用
More可以用在下列数量词之后，再加上复数可数名词
some / any, a couple, dozens / hundreds, a few, hardly any, a lot, lots, many, no
I’d like some more chips. 我想要再炸一些土豆片。
more可以用在下列数量词之后，再加上不可数名词
some / any, a bit, a good /great deal, hardly any, a little, a lot, lots, much, no, plenty等。
I’d like some more milk.
数量词也常常和less连用
less可以用在下列数量词之后，再加上不可数名词
any, a bit, a good/great deal, a little, a lot, lots, much 等
1、直接用于名词前
Much less soup, please. 请少给点汤。
2、用于限定词前
I’d like much less of that soup. 我不要那么多那种汤。
3、用作代词
I want much less, please. 请不要给我那么多。
数量词前面用not
not 可以直接用于all, another, enough, every , a few, half, the least, a little, many, much, one, the only one 等数量词之前。
1、用于句首
Not much is happening in our office at the moment. 这会儿我们办公室没有多少事情。
Not enough is known about this subject. 有关这个题目了解的还不多。
2、用于a few 和 alittle 之前，强调这些词的相反意思。
Not a few of the members were absent. 相当多的会员未出席。
3、用于简单的否定回答中
How much did they offer you ? 他们给你多少？
Not enough. 不多。
数词的分类
数词可以分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数、百分数等。
基数词
基数词可以作数量词用或者代词用。
We've got one micro and two electric typewriters in our office. 我们办公室有一台微机和两台电动打字机。
two cabbages, three pounds of tomatoes and twelve oranges. 两个洋白菜、三磅西红柿和12个橘子。
序数词
序数词通常在基数词后面加上后缀-th,如：six(基数词)；sixth(序数词)。
分数
英语中分数的构成为：一个基数词加一个序数词。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。充当分子的基数词是“1”时，分母直接使用序数词；充当分子的基数词是“2”或“2”以上的时候，分母要用“序数词 + -s”。如：one third 1/3, nine sixteenths 9/16, two and two thirds 2*2/3等。
小数
分数可用小数来表示，请注意小数的读法：
0.5 读作 nought point five 或 point five
2.5 读作 two point five
2.05 读作 two point nought five 或two point o five
百分数
8%读作 eight percent 或 eight per cent
25%读作 twenty-five percent 或 twenty-five per cent
99%读作 ninety-nine percent 或 ninety-nine per cent
近似的数量
如：about, almost,exactly, fewer than, at least, less than, more than, nearly,over,under等，与数词连用时表示不确切的数量。
There were over seventy people at the party. 参加晚会的会数超过了70人。
You can’t vote if you’re under eighteen. 未满18岁不得投票。
not(any)、no和none, (not) (a)little 与 (not) a bit 等的区别。
not (any), no 和 none 的区别
构成否定的方式可以用not来否定动词，也可以用no来否定后面的动词。
There aren't any buses after midnight.午夜以后没有公共汽车。
There are no buses after midnight. 午夜以后没有公共汽车。
No millionaries buy things on instalments. 百万富翁是不会分期付款买东西的。
none可以直接作为一个代词来用，而no则不可以。
Do you have any diaries ? We've got none at the moment.
你有没有新的日记本？ 我们目前一本也没有了。
I could get no information about flights to the USA.
关于飞往美国的航班的情况，我一点也得不到。
a great deal/amount of 与 a large / great number of 的区别
a great deal / amount of 都有much之意，其后面应该接不可数名词。而a great / large number of 都有 many 之意，其后应该接可数名词复数。
A great deal/amount of money is spent on research.
在研究上花了很多钱。
（not)、(a)little与(not) a bit 及 (a) few 的区别
few和a few；little 和 a little
a few 用于修饰可数名词复数
a little 用来修饰不可数名词。
不带不定冠词a时，这两个词都表示否定的意思，强调概念少，一般表示”几乎一点儿也没有“的意思。如需要再加强程度，可以与very 连用。
He has had very few opportunities to practise his English.
他很少有机会练习英语。
He has very little hope of winning the race.
他几乎没有希望赢得这次比赛。
a little 和 a bit
a little 和 a bit 在肯定句中几乎是通用的。
I’d like a little / bit of time to think about it, please.
请给我一点儿时间考虑一下。
但是在否定句中，它们的含义相反。
He was not a little surprised.
他感到十分惊讶。
I don't like the book. Not a bit.
我不喜欢这本书，一点儿也不喜欢。