LiveData简介及使用-什么是LiveData的粘性事件(数据倒灌)?

  • 建议先了解《Lifecycle原理、源码解析》

  • LiveData是一种具有生命周期感知能力的可观察数据持有类

  • LiveData可以保证屏幕上的显示内容和数据一直保持同步

  • 特点:

  • 1.LiveData了解UI界面的状态,如果activity不在屏幕上显示,livedata不会触发没必要的界面更新,如果activity已经被销毁,会自动清空与observer的连接,意外的调用就不会发生

  • 2.LiveData是一个LifecycleOwner,他可以直接感知activity或fragment的生命周期

使用

  • 项目中livedata一般都存放在ViewModel中,以保证app配置变更时,数据不会丢失
  • 使用注意:
    setValue只能在主线程运行
    postValue只能在子线程中运行

方式一

  • 定义一个viewmodel保存名字
package com.example.livedatademo;

import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;

public class NameViewModel extends ViewModel {
    private MutableLiveData<String> currentName;
    public MutableLiveData<String> getCurrentName(){
        if(currentName==null){
            currentName=new MutableLiveData<>();
        }
        return currentName;
    }
}

  • 在activity里面监听名字变化然后刷新数据
package com.example.livedatademo;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.lifecycle.Observer;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProviders;


public class NameActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private NameViewModel model;

    private TextView nameTextView;
    private Button btn;
    private int i=0;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_name);
        nameTextView=findViewById(R.id.tvText);
        btn=findViewById(R.id.btn);



        //需要一个观察者来观察数据
        Observer observer=new Observer<String>(){
            @Override
            public void onChanged(String s) {
                nameTextView.setText(s);
            }
        };
        //获取到viewmodel
        model= ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(NameViewModel.class);
        //取出livedata完成订阅
        model.getCurrentName().observe(this,observer);

        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                String anotherName="Gavin"+(i++);
                model.getCurrentName().setValue(anotherName);
            }
        });

    }
}

方式二

  • 定义一个总线LiveDataBus,统一处理
package com.example.livedatademo.databus;

import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class LiveDataBus {
    //存放订阅者
    private Map<String, MutableLiveData<Object>> bus;
    private static LiveDataBus liveDataBus = new LiveDataBus();

    private LiveDataBus() {
        bus = new HashMap();
    }
    public static LiveDataBus getInstance() {
        return liveDataBus;
    }
    //注册订阅者
    public synchronized <T> MutableLiveData<T> with(String key, Class<T> type) {
        if(!bus.containsKey(key)){
            bus.put(key,new MutableLiveData<Object>());
        }
        return (MutableLiveData<T>)bus.get(key);
    }
}


  • 在TestLiveDataBusActivity里面监听数据变化
package com.example.livedatademo;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import com.example.livedatademo.databus.LiveDataBus;


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    public void click(View view) {
        if (view.getId() == R.id.btn) {
            Intent intent = new Intent(this, NameActivity.class);
            startActivity(intent);
        } else if (view.getId() == R.id.btn2) {
            Intent intent = new Intent(this, TestLiveDataBusActivity.class);
            startActivity(intent);

            new Thread(){
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                        //发送消息
                        LiveDataBus.getInstance().with("data", String.class).postValue("Gavin");
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(5000);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }


                    }
                }
            }.start();


        }
    }


}

  • TestLiveDataBusActivity
package com.example.livedatademo;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.lifecycle.Observer;

import com.example.livedatademo.databus.LiveDataBus;


public class TestLiveDataBusActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_livedatabus);
        LiveDataBus.getInstance().with("data", String.class)
                    .observe(this, new Observer<String>() {
                        @Override
                        public void onChanged(String s) {
                            if(s!=null)
                            Toast.makeText(TestLiveDataBusActivity.this, s, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        }
                    });
    }
}

什么是LiveData的粘性事件(数据倒灌)?

  • 在上面的使用方式二中,让R.id.btn2的点击事件里面先更新livedata的数据,然后再创建TestLiveDataBusActivity,会发现TestLiveDataBusActivity还是收到了旧数据通知(还没创建activity前的数据)
  • 修改后的代码如下
Intent intent = new Intent(this, TestLiveDataBusActivity.class);
//先更新数据
new Thread(){
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            //发送消息
            LiveDataBus.getInstance().with("data", String.class).postValue("Gavin");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(5000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }


        }
    }
}.start();
//再创建activity
startActivity(intent);

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