Spring Boot 简介:
微服务:
Spring Boot入门:
----------------------------------pom.xml jar包配置----------------------------------
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASEversion>
parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
dependencies>
----------------------------------springboot主程序----------------------------------
/**
- @SpringBootApplication 来标注一个主程序类,说明这是一个Spring Boot应用
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldMainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Spring应用启动起来
SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args);
}
}
-------------------------Controller层-------------------------------------------
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(){
return "Hello World!";
}
}
----------------------------pom.xml 插件配置----------------------------------------
/**
- 这个插件,可以将应用打包成一个可执行的jar包
*/
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
plugin>
plugins>
build>
springboot研究:
POM文件中的plugin:
POM文件中的父项目:
spring-boot-dependencies
来真正管理Spring Boot应用里面的所有依赖版本:Spring Boot的版本仲裁中心。
以后我们导入依赖默认是不需要写版本;(没有在dependencies里面管理的依赖自然需要声明版本号)
----------------------------------pom.xml parent依赖----------------------------------
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASEversion>
parent>
-------------------pom.xml parent依赖的父项目是----------------------------
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependenciesartifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASEversion>
<relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependenciesrelativePath>
parent>
POM文件中的启动器:
其中spring-boot-starter-web依赖spring-boot-starter
,spring-boot-starter是Spring Boot的核心启动器,包含了自动配置、日志和YAML。
当不使用web依赖时则会导入这个核心启动器依赖。
---spring-boot-starter:spring-boot场景启动器,帮我们导入了web模块正常运行所依赖的组件。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
------Spring Boot的核心启动器依赖------
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>2.1.5.RELEASEversion>
<scope>compilescope>
dependency>
主程序类、主入口类:
@SpringBootApplication:
Spring Boot应用标注在某个类上说明这个类是SpringBoot的主配置类,SpringBoot就应该运行这个类的main方法来启动SpringBoot应用。@SpringBootConfiguration:
Spring Boot的配置类,标注在某个类上,表示这是一个Spring Boot的配置类。@Configuration:
配置类上来标注这个注解。配置类等于配置文件
,配置类也是容器中的一个组件@Component。@EnableAutoConfiguration:
开启自动配置功能,以前我们需要配置的东西,Spring Boot帮我们自动配置。@EnableAutoConfiguration告诉SpringBoot开启自动配置功能,这样自动配置才能生效;@AutoConfigurationPackage:
自动配置包@Import:
给容器中导入一个组件@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class):
Spring的底层注解@Import给容器中导入的组件为AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class。将主配置类(@SpringBootApplication标注的类)的所在包及下面所有子包里面的所有组件扫描到Spring容器;
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class):
给容器中导入组件。将所有需要导入的组件以全类名的方式返回,这些组件就会被添加到容器中。
----------------------------------主程序类----------------------------------
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorldMainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Spring应用启动起来
SpringApplication.run(HelloWorldMainApplication.class,args);
}
}
-------------------------@SpringBootApplication注解----------------------------------
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
}
-------------------------@SpringBootConfiguration注解----------------------------------
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {
}
-------------------------@Configuration注解----------------------------------
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Component
public @interface Configuration {
}
-------------------------@EnableAutoConfiguration注解----------------------------------
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
}
-------------------------@AutoConfigurationPackage 注解----------------------------------
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {
}
(xxxAutoConfiguration)
:就是给容器中导入这个场景需要的所有组件,并配置好这些组件。META-INF/spring.factories
中获取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的值,将这些值作为自动配置类导入到容器中,自动配置类就生效,帮我们进行自动配置工作,以前我们需要自己配置的东西,自动配置类都帮我们。J2EE的整体整合解决方案和自动配置都在spring-boot-autoconfigure-1.5.9.RELEASE.jar。
快速创建Spring Boot项目:
一、主程序已经生成好了,我们只需要我们自己的逻辑
二、resources文件夹中目录结构:
<1>static:保存所有的静态资源,如js,css,images。
<2>templates:保存所有的模板页面。(Spring Boot默认jar包使用嵌入式的Tomcat,默认不支持JSP页面)
但是可以使用模板引擎(freemarker、thymeleaf)。
<3>application.properties:Spring Boot应用的配置文件,可以修改一些默认设置。
配置文件:
application.properties
application.yml
YAML(YAML Ain't Markup Language)
两个解释:以数据为中心
,比json、xml等更适合做配置文件。-----yaml------
server:
port: 8081
-----xml------
>
>8081 >
>
YAML语法:
k:(空格)v:表示一对键值对(空格必须有)
。server:
port: 8081
path: /hello
一、字面量:普通的值(数字,字符串,布尔)
k: v:字面直接来写。
<1>字符串默认不用加上单引号或者双引号。
"":双引号;不会转义字符串里面的特殊字符;特殊字符会作为本身想表示的意思
name: "zhangsan \n lisi":输出;zhangsan 换行 lisi
'':单引号;会转义特殊字符,特殊字符最终只是一个普通的字符串数据
name: ‘zhangsan \n lisi’:输出;zhangsan \n lisi
总结:转义是将具体意思往反方向转换,例如转义字符本身表示换行,转义的话就是\n,不转义就是换行。
二、对象、Map(属性和值)(键值对):
k: v:在下一行来写对象的属性和值的关系,注意缩进。
对象还是k: v的方式
friends:
lastName: zhangsan
age: 20
行内写法:
friends: {lastName: zhangsan,age: 18}
三、数组(List、Set):
用- 值表示数组中的一个元素:
pets:
- cat
- dog
- pig
行内写法:
pets: [cat,dog,pig]
配置文件值注入:
person:
lastName: hello
age: 18
boss: false
birth: 2017/12/12
maps: {k1: v1,k2: 12}
lists:
- lisi
- zhaoliu
dog:
name: 小狗
age: 12
@ConfigurationProperties:告诉SpringBoot将本类中的所有属性和配置文件中相关的配置进行绑定。
注意:只有这个组件是容器中的组件,才能用容器提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能。
配置文件注入值数据校验使用Validated注解在类上面,使用@Email等等注解在字段上面。
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
@Validated
public class Person {
@Email
private String lastName;
private Integer age;
private Boolean boss;
private Date birth;
private Map<String,Object> maps;
private List<Object> lists;
private Dog dog;
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processorartifactId>
<optional>trueoptional>
dependency>
@Value获取值和@ConfigurationProperties获取值比较:
@ConfigurationProperties | @Value | |
---|---|---|
功能 | 批量注入配置文件中的属性 | 一个个指定 |
松散绑定(松散语法) | 支持 | 不支持 |
SpEL | 不支持 | 支持 |
JSR303数据校验 | 支持 | 不支持 |
复杂类型封装 | 支持 | 不支持 |
@PropertySource、@ImportResource、@Bean:
通过@PropertySource注解将properties配置文件中的值存储到Spring的 Environment中,Environment接口提供方法去读取配置文件中的值,参数是properties文件中定义的key值。
通过@value({SPEL})里编写spel表达式从环境变量、配置文件获取值
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:person.properties"})
@Component
public class Person {
@Value("${person.last-name}")
private String lastName;
@Value("#{11*2}")
private Integer age;
@Value("true")
private Boolean boss;
@ImportResource:导入Spring的配置文件,让配置文件里面的内容生效。
//导入Spring的配置文件让其生效
@ImportResource(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml"})
//Spring的配置文件
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="helloService" class="com.atguigu.springboot.service.HelloService">bean>
beans>
SpringBoot推荐给容器中添加组件的方式:推荐使用全注解的方式
@Configuration
@Bean
给容器中添加组件/**
* @Configuration:指明当前类是一个配置类;就是来替代之前的Spring配置文件
*/
@Configuration
public class MyAppConfig {
//将方法的返回值添加到容器中;容器中这个组件默认的id就是方法名
@Bean
public HelloService helloService02(){
System.out.println("配置类@Bean给容器中添加组件了...");
return new HelloService();
}
}
配置文件占位符:
如果没有可以是用:指定默认值
${random.value}、${random.int}、${random.long}
${random.int(10)}、${random.int[1024,65536]}
person.last-name=张三${random.uuid}
person.age=${random.int}
person.birth=2017/12/15
person.boss=false
person.maps.k1=v1
person.maps.k2=14
person.lists=a,b,c
person.dog.name=${person.hello:hello}_dog
person.dog.age=15
Profile:
多Profile文件:
application-{profile}.properties/yml
可以抽取application.yml中的配置信息到其他文件
。如当我们的项目越来越大时,项目配置信息太多,application.yml配置文件会比较大,这时我们可以通过定义profile,将一些配置信息从application.yml中抽取到一个单独的文件中,如建立:spring.profiles.active=dev, devFtp,devRedis
来引入dev、devFtp、devRedis的配置即可。默认配置:如果没有指定profiles,则默认配置生效。
yml还支持多文档块方式:
注意:文档块以---分隔
server:
port: 8081
spring:
profiles:
active: prod
---
server:
port: 8083
spring:
profiles: dev
---
server:
port: 8084
spring:
profiles: prod #指定属于哪个环境
在配置文件中指定 spring.profiles.active=dev
命令行:
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.profiles.active=dev;虚拟机参数:
-Dspring.profiles.active=devappliaction-dev.yml,appliaction-test.yml,appliaction-prd.yml等等环境这些配置文件在每个module中都需要,除了工具module除外。
appliaction.yml一般放在web启动类的module中,再通过指定spring.profiles.active来整合多个文件。
每个module的appliaction.yml最终会整合在一起。
使用maven的时候一个可运行的springboot项目中只能有一个application.properties。其他模块配置文件一定要以application-XX的形式命名,不然后续配置无法识别。若想以其他文件名或其他文件类型的话需要配置@PropertySource注解。
配置文件加载位置:
file:./config/
file:./
classpath:/config/
classpath:/
高优先级的配置会覆盖低优先级的配置
,SpringBoot会从这四个位置全部加载主配置文件,互补配置
,因此最终底层会互补成一个配置文件
。我们还可以通过spring.config.location来改变默认的配置文件位置
java -jar spring-boot-02-config-02-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --spring.config.location=G:/application.properties
外部配置加载顺序:
SpringBoot也可以从以下位置加载配置; 优先级从高到低;高优先级的配置覆盖低优先级的配置,所有的配置会形成互补配置。
规则为:
①由jar包外向jar包内进行寻找
②优先加载带profile
③再来加载不带profile
具体:
①命令行参数:所有的配置都可以在命令行上进行指定
<1>java -jar spring-boot-02-config-02-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8087 --server.context-path=/abc
<2>多个配置用空格分开; --配置项=值
②来自java:comp/env的JNDI属性
③Java系统属性(System.getProperties())
④操作系统环境变量
⑤RandomValuePropertySource配置的random.*属性值
⑥jar包外部的application-{profile}.properties或application.yml(带spring.profile)配置文件
⑦jar包内部的application-{profile}.properties或application.yml(带spring.profile)配置文件
⑧jar包外部的application.properties或application.yml(不带spring.profile)配置文件
⑨jar包内部的application.properties或application.yml(不带spring.profile)配置文件
⑩@Configuration注解类上的@PropertySource
⑪通过SpringApplication.setDefaultProperties指定的默认属性
所有支持的配置加载来源:参考官方文档
自动配置原理:
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration 作用:
利用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector给容器中导入一些组件。
一、扫描
<1>@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class):
将主配置类(@SpringBootApplication标注的类)的所在包及下面所有子包里面的所有组件扫描到Spring容器;
<2>扫描所有jar包类路径下的META-INF/spring.factories文件,
把扫描到的这些文件的内容包装成properties对象
二、获取候选的配置
<1>List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes)
<2>从properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class类(类名)对应的值,然后把他们添加在容器中
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames()
spring.factories 文件:
每一个自动配置类进行自动配置功能。
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxxProperties类中封装者中,配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功能对应的这个属性类。
//表示这是一个配置类,以前编写的配置文件一样,也可以给容器中添加组件
@Configuration
//启动指定类的ConfigurationProperties功能;将配置文件中对应的值和
//HttpEncodingProperties绑定起来;并把HttpEncodingProperties加入到ioc容器中
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpEncodingProperties.class)
//Spring底层@Conditional注解(Spring注解版),根据不同的条件,
//如果满足指定的条件,整个配置类里面的配置就会生效;
//判断当前应用是否是web应用,如果是,当前配置类生效
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
//判断当前项目有没有这个类CharacterEncodingFilter;SpringMVC中进行乱码解决的过滤器;
@ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class)
//判断配置文件中是否存在某个配置spring.http.encoding.enabled;如果不存在,判断也是成立的
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding",
value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
//即使我们配置文件中不配置pring.http.encoding.enabled=true,也是默认生效的;
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
//他已经和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了
private final HttpEncodingProperties properties;
//只有一个有参构造器的情况下,参数的值就会从容器中拿
public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}
@Bean //给容器中添加一个组件,这个组件的某些值需要从properties中获取
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判断容器没有这个组件?
public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST));
filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE));
return filter;
}
//从配置文件中获取指定的值和bean的属性进行绑定
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http.encoding")
public class HttpEncodingProperties {
public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
...
}
给容器中自动配置类添加组件的时候,会从properties类中获取某些属性。我们就可以在配置文件中指定这些属性的值。
xxxxAutoConfigurartion:自动配置类,给容器中添加组件。
xxxxProperties:封装配置文件中相关属性。
@Conditional派生注解(Spring注解版原生的@Conditional作用):
@Conditional扩展注解 | 作用(判断是否满足当前指定条件) |
---|---|
@ConditionalOnJava | 系统的java版本是否符合要求 |
@ConditionalOnBean | 容器中存在指定Bean |
@ConditionalOnMissingBean | 容器中不存在指定Bean |
@ConditionalOnExpression | 满足SpEL表达式指定 |
@ConditionalOnClass | 系统中有指定的类 |
@ConditionalOnMissingClass | 系统中没有指定的类 |
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate | 容器中只有一个指定的Bean,或者这个Bean是首选Bean |
@ConditionalOnProperty | 系统中指定的属性是否有指定的值 |
@ConditionalOnResource | 类路径下是否存在指定资源文件 |
@ConditionalOnWebApplication | 当前是web环境 |
@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication | 当前不是web环境 |
@ConditionalOnJndi | JNDI存在指定项 |
我们怎么知道哪些自动配置类生效?
我们可以通过启用debug=true属性,来让控制台打印自动配置报告,这样我们就可以很方便的知道哪些自动配置类生效。
=========================
AUTO-CONFIGURATION REPORT
=========================
Positive matches:(自动配置类启用的)
-----------------
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched:
- @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet'; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class (OnClassCondition)
- @ConditionalOnWebApplication (required) found StandardServletEnvironment (OnWebApplicationCondition)
Negative matches:(没有启动,没有匹配成功的自动配置类)
-----------------
ActiveMQAutoConfiguration:
Did not match:
- @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition)
AopAutoConfiguration:
Did not match:
- @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect', 'org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice' (OnClassCondition)
日志框架:
市面上的日志框架;
日志门面 (日志的抽象层) | 日志实现 |
---|---|
Log4j JUL(java.util.logging) Log4j2 Logback |
SpringBoot选用:
日志门面: SLF4J
日志实现:Logback
如何在系统中使用SLF4j:
以后开发的时候,日志记录方法的调用,不应该来直接调用日志的实现类,而是调用日志抽象层里面的方法。
给系统里面导入slf4j的jar和 logback的实现jar
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);
logger.info("Hello World");
}
}
遗留问题:
如何让系统中所有的日志都统一到slf4j:
将系统中其他日志框架先排除出去。
用中间包来替换原有的日志框架。
我们导入slf4j其他的实现。
SpringBoot日志关系:`
SpringBoot依赖spring-boot-starter,spring-boot-starter依赖spring-boot-starter-logging,并使用它来做日志功能。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starterartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-loggingartifactId>
dependency>
中间替换包
,例如jul-to-slf4j。SpringBoot能自动适配所有的日志,而且底层使用slf4j+logback的方式记录日志,引入其他框架的时候,只需要把这个框架依赖的默认日志框架排除掉即可。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-coreartifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logginggroupId>
<artifactId>commons-loggingartifactId>
exclusion>
exclusions>
dependency>
springBoot日志使用:
//记录器
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
//System.out.println();
//日志的级别;
//由低到高 trace
//可以调整输出的日志级别;日志就只会在这个级别以以后的高级别生效
logger.trace("这是trace日志...");
logger.debug("这是debug日志...");
//SpringBoot默认给我们使用的是info级别的,没有指定级别的就用SpringBoot默认规定的级别;root级别
logger.info("这是info日志...");
logger.warn("这是warn日志...");
logger.error("这是error日志...");
}
日志输出格式:
%d表示日期时间,
%thread表示线程名,
%-5level:级别从左显示5个字符宽度
%logger{50} 表示logger名字最长50个字符,否则按照句点分割。
%msg:日志消息,
%n是换行符
总结:%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
# 自定义logger
logging.level.com.atguigu=trace
# 不指定路径在当前项目下生成springboot.log日志
# 可以指定完整的路径;
#logging.file=G:/springboot.log
# 在当前磁盘的根路径下创建spring文件夹和里面的log文件夹;使用 spring.log 作为默认文件
logging.path=/spring/log
# 在控制台输出的日志的格式
logging.pattern.console=%d{yyyy-MM-dd} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n
# 指定文件中日志输出的格式
logging.pattern.file=%d{yyyy-MM-dd} === [%thread] === %-5level === %logger{50} ==== %msg%n
logging.file | logging.path | Example | Description |
---|---|---|---|
(none) | (none) | 只在控制台输出 | |
指定文件名 | (none) | my.log | 输出日志到my.log文件 |
(none) | 指定目录 | /var/log | 输出到指定目录的 spring.log 文件中 |
指定配置:给类路径下放上每个日志框架自己的配置文件即可,SpringBoot就不使用他默认配置的了。
no applicable action for [springProfile]
Logging System | Customization |
---|---|
Logback | logback-spring.xml , logback-spring.groovy , logback.xml or logback.groovy |
Log4j2 | log4j2-spring.xml or log4j2.xml |
JDK (Java Util Logging) | logging.properties |
<springProfile name="staging">
可以指定某段配置只在某个环境下生效
springProfile>
例如:
<appender name="stdout" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
<springProfile name="dev">
<pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} ----> [%thread] ---> %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%npattern>
springProfile>
<springProfile name="!dev">
<pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} ==== [%thread] ==== %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%npattern>
springProfile>
layout>
appender>
切换日志框架:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
//排除底层的log4j替换到slf4j框架以及logback实现框架
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>logback-classicartifactId>
<groupId>ch.qos.logbackgroupId>
exclusion>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>log4j-over-slf4jartifactId>
<groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
exclusion>
exclusions>
dependency>
//加入log4j-slf4j绑定jar包及log4j实现jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12artifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
//直接去掉starter-logging配置器
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-loggingartifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
exclusion>
exclusions>
dependency>
//使用starter-log4j2配置器
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2artifactId>
dependency>
Web开发简介:
springboot的jar包目录结构分析:
SpringBoot提供的bootstrap的类是放到包的最外面,比如上面的org.springframework.boot.loader。
应用程序的代码则是需要放到BOOT-INF/classes目录下面;然后应用程序依赖的其他的jar包文件需要放到BOOT-INF/lib目录下。
example.jar
|
+-META-INF
| +-MANIFEST.MF
+-org
| +-springframework
| +-boot
| +-loader
| +-<spring boot loader classes>
+-BOOT-INF
+-classes
| +-mycompany
| +-project
| +-YourClasses.class
+-lib
+-dependency1.jar
+-dependency2.jar
SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则:
所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源。
"/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射
欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射
所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找;
------------------------------静态资源配置类------------------------
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
//可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
return;
}
Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations(
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
//静态资源文件夹映射
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
.addResourceLocations(
this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
}
//配置欢迎页映射
@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
}
//配置喜欢的图标
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
public static class FaviconConfiguration {
private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
}
@Bean
public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
//所有 **/favicon.ico
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
faviconRequestHandler()));
return mapping;
}
@Bean
public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
requestHandler
.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
return requestHandler;
}
}
------------------------------jquery-webjar------------------------
<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>
------------------------------静态资源映射------------------------
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/":当前项目的根路径
模板引擎:
thymeleaf的使用:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleafartifactId>
2.1.6
dependency>
切换thymeleaf版本
<properties>
<thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASEthymeleaf.version>
<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
properties>
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
----------------------名称空间-----------------
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
----------------------具体语法-----------------
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Titletitle>
head>
<body>
<h1>成功!h1>
<div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息div>
body>
html>
thymeleaf语法规则:
Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
2)、使用内置的基本对象:
#ctx : the context object.
#vars: the context variables.
#locale : the context locale.
#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
${session.foo}
3)、内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
Name: Sebastian.
Surname: Pepper.
Nationality: Saturn.
Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
...
Literals(字面量)
Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
Boolean literals: true , false
Null literal: null
Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
String concatenation: +
Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
Binary operators: and , or
Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
If-then: (if) ? (then)
If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
No-Operation: _
SpringBoot应用配置常用相关视图解析器:
SpringBoot使用JSP:
SpringBoot在自动装配的时候默认就已经将JSP的视图解析器InternalResourceViewResolver
装配。所以我们只需要进行配置使用即可。-----------------------外置tomcat模式------------
第一步:创建自定义webapp目录
第二步:将此文件夹配置成项目的WEB模块
第三步:导入JSP相关依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcatartifactId>
<scope>providedscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
<scope>providedscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>jstlartifactId>
dependency>
第四步:在SpringBoot的属性文件application.properties中配置JSP的路由
spring.mvc.view.prefix=/WEB-INF/jsp/
spring.mvc.view.suffix=.jsp
第五步:修改Maven的pom.xml文件打包方式改成war(默认打包Jar,
打包Jar包的方式使用Idea启动是没什么问题,如果单独运行Jar包就找不到JSP文件,如果改成War包即可)
<packaging>warpackaging>
-----------------------内置tomcat模式------------
第一步:创建自定义webapp目录
第二步:将此文件夹配置成项目的WEB模块
第三步:导入JSP相关依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>jstlartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embedgroupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasperartifactId>
dependency>
第四步:在SpringBoot的属性文件application.properties中配置JSP的路由
spring.mvc.view.prefix=/WEB-INF/jsp/
spring.mvc.view.suffix=.jsp
SpringBoot中使用Thymeleaf:
SpringBoot官方是推荐使用thymeleaf作为优选的视图解析器,所以SpringBoot对Thymeleaf的支持非常好,这里仅仅演示SpringBoot如何选用Thymeleaf作用默认视图解析器。第一步:导入Thymeleaf的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleafartifactId>
dependency>
第二步:创建存放Thymeleaf模板文件夹,在Resources目录下创建templates目录
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
}
springBoot中使用Freemark
第一步:导入Maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarkerartifactId>
dependency>
第二步:创建存放Freemark模板文件夹,在Resources目录下创建templates目录
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.freemarker")
public class FreeMarkerProperties extends AbstractTemplateViewResolverProperties {
public static final String DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_LOADER_PATH = "classpath:/templates/";
public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "";
public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".ftl";
}
我们可以看到SpringBoot在自动装配Freemarker视图解析器默认是将模板文件放在classpath:/templates/路径内,我们同样可以在SpringBoot的配置文件中自行配置。
总结:
我在写Freemark视图解析器的时候并没有将第一个JSP内部资源解析器给删除掉,所以他们是并存的,所以我们可以知道SpringBoot在装配他们的时候给予设定了优先级顺序。从下图可以看到他们的优先级顺序:Freemarker>Thymeleaf>InternalResourceViewResolver
SpringMVC自动配置:
以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置----WebMvcAutoConfiguration:
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver
and BeanNameViewResolver
beans.静态资源文件夹路径
,webjarsindex.html
support. 静态首页访问Favicon
support (see below). favicon.icoConverter
, GenericConverter
, Formatter
beans.HttpMessageConverters
(see below).MessageCodesResolver
(see below).定义错误代码生成规则ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer
bean (see below).-------配置Formatter----------
@Bean
//在文件中配置日期格式化的规则
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")
public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
}
-------配置ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer模型-------
初始化WebDataBinder;
请求数据=====JavaBean;
web的所有自动场景:
扩展SpringMVC:
<mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
<bean>bean>
mvc:interceptor>
mvc:interceptors>
编写一个配置类(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型,不能标注@EnableWebMvc。
在做其他自动配置时会导入@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用。
效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用
。-----------------------WebMvcConfigurerAdapter-----------------------
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
}
}
-----------------------EnableWebMvcConfiguration类-----------------------
@Configuration
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers =
new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
//从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
@Autowired(required = false)
public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
//一个参考实现;将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用;
@Override
// public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
// delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
// }
}
}
}
全面接管SpringMVC:
@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来。
导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能。
-----------------------WebMvcConfigurerAdapter使用@EnableWebMvc注解----------------
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
}
}
--------------------------@EnableWebMvc注解--------------------------------------
@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {
--------------------DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration类---------------------------------
@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
--------------------WebMvcAutoConfiguration类---------------------------------
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置:
在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置
Spring boot 2.x与1.x WebMvc配置的区别(WebMvcConfigurer):
Spring boot 2.x,最低使用jdk 1.8。在jdk1.8中,由于接口中可以存在default方法,即接口的默认方法,所以没必要再使用 空实现的类 WebMvcConfigurerAdapter 。
所以 Spring boot 2.x 中, WebMvcConfigurer 接口中对springmvc配置的各个方法都改为default的,都有一个空的实现,我们在自定义配置的时候,只需要重写其中的人一几个default方法即可。所以 WebMvcConfigurerAdapter 也就没有什么价值了,不推荐使用它。
错误处理机制:
SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制:
默认的错误处理机制原理
:可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;错误处理的自动配置。
DefaultErrorAttributes
:给错误处理配置属性BasicErrorController
:处理默认/error请求ErrorPageCustomizer
:视图自定义DefaultErrorViewResolver
:error视图解析帮我们在页面共享信息;
----------------------------DefaultErrorAttributes:------------------------
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
return errorAttributes;
}
----------------------------BasicErrorController:------------------------
@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
@RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
response.setStatus(status.value());
//去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
}
@RequestMapping
@ResponseBody //产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理;
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
}
----------------------------ErrorPageCustomizer:------------------------
@Value("${error.path:/error}")
private String path = "/error"; 系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)
----------------------------DefaultErrorViewResolver:------------------------
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
Map<String, Object> model) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
}
return modelAndView;
}
private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
//默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面? error/404
String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
//模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析
TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
.getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
if (provider != null) {
//模板引擎可用的情况下返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址
return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
}
//模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面 error/404.html
return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
}
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
//所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
if (modelAndView != null) {
return modelAndView;
}
}
return null;
}
如何定制错误的页面:
有模板引擎的情况下;
error/状态码;【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面; 没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;
以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面;
如何定制错误的json数据;
自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据;
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {
@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("code","user.notexist");
map.put("message",e.getMessage());
return map;
}
}
//没有自适应效果...
转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
//传入我们自己的错误状态码 4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程
/**
* Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
*/
request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
map.put("code","user.notexist");
map.put("message",e.getMessage());
//转发到/error
return "forward:/error";
}
将我们的定制数据携带出去;
响应出去可以获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);
//给容器中加入我们自己定义的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
map.put("company","atguigu");
return map;
}
}
springboot错误处理总结:
@ExceptionHandler与@ControllerAdvice注解
继承AbstractErrorController类接管BasicErrorController
@ControllerAdvice + @ExceptionHandler是捕获异常进行处理,如果在方法内再次抛出异常,则会进入/error路径。 ErrorController相当于重定向到/error路径,然后对这个路径进行处理。
@ControllerAdvice + @ExceptionHandler形式的方法无法处理未进入Controller的异常,比如404和Filter中的异常。
这时只能继承AbstractErrorController类接管BasicErrorController。
配置嵌入式Servlet容器:
修改和server有关的配置
(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);编写一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;来修改Servlet容器的配置-----------------------------------修改配置-----------------------------------
server.port=8081
server.context-path=/crud
server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8
//通用的Servlet容器设置
server.xxx
//Tomcat的设置
server.tomcat.xxx
---------------------------EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer----------------
@Bean //一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {
//定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则
@Override
public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
container.setPort(8083);
}
};
}
没有web.xml文件。
------------------------ServletRegistrationBean------------------------
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new
ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
return registrationBean;
}
------------------------FilterRegistrationBean------------------------
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
return registrationBean;
}
------------------------ServletListenerRegistrationBean------------------------
@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
return registrationBean;
}
SpringBoot帮我们自动注册SpringMVC的时候,自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器:DIspatcherServlet;
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
//默认拦截: / 所有请求;包静态资源,但是不拦截jsp请求; /*会拦截jsp
//可以通过server.servletPath来修改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径
registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
registration.setLoadOnStartup(
this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
}
return registration;
}
替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器:
默认支持:Tomcat(默认使用)
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
引入web模块默认就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器;
dependency>
Jetty
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcatartifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
exclusion>
exclusions>
dependency>
<dependency>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jettyartifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
dependency>
Undertow
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcatartifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
exclusion>
exclusions>
dependency>
<dependency>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertowartifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
dependency>
嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理:
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
//导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;给容器中导入一些组件
//导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
//后置处理器:bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖;
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判断当前容器没有用户自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂;作用:创建嵌入式的Servlet容器
public static class EmbeddedTomcat {
@Bean
public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
/**
* Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
WebAppContext.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedJetty {
@Bean
public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
/**
* Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedUndertow {
@Bean
public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {
//获取嵌入式的Servlet容器
EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
}
@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
//创建一个Tomcat
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
//配置Tomcat的基本环节
File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
: createTempDir("tomcat"));
tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
customizeConnector(connector);
tomcat.setConnector(connector);
tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
}
prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
//将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动Tomcat服务器
return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}
SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器,EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor。只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作;
后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,调用定制器的定制方法
------------------------EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer-----------------
//ServerProperties是定制器
ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
-------容器中导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor------------
//初始化之前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
//如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件
if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
//
postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
}
return bean;
}
private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
//获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值;
for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
customizer.customize(bean);
}
}
private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
if (this.customizers == null) {
// Look up does not include the parent context
this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
this.beanFactory
//从容器中获取所有这葛类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
//定制Servlet容器,给容器中可以添加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件
.getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
false, false)
.values());
Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
}
return this.customizers;
}
嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理:
创建IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一个组件
】;如果是web应用创建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否则:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器:
this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());IOC容器启动创建嵌入式的Servlet容器
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();
// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Initialize message source for this context.
initMessageSource();
// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
onRefresh();
// Check for listener beans and register them.
registerListeners();
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// Last step: publish corresponding event.
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
}
// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
destroyBeans();
// Reset 'active' flag.
cancelRefresh(ex);
// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}
finally {
// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
resetCommonCaches();
}
}
}
使用外置的Servlet容器:
嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar
外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat---应用war包的方式打包;
-------------------指定tomcat为provided------------------
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
-------------SpringBootServletInitializer的子类------------
public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
//传入SpringBoot应用的主程序
return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
}
}
jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;
war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;
servlet3.0(Spring注解版)规则:
还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类;
servlet3.0(Spring注解版)流程:
org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
-----------------------创建servlet容器----------------------
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
ServletContext servletContext) {
//1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder
SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
builder.environment(environment);
builder.main(getClass());
ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
if (parent != null) {
this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
servletContext.setAttribute(
WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
}
builder.initializers(
new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
//调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
builder = configure(builder);
//使用builder创建一个Spring应用
SpringApplication application = builder.build();
if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
.findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
application.getSources().add(getClass());
}
Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
"No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
+ "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
// Ensure error pages are registered
if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
}
//启动Spring应用
return run(application);
}
-------------------------Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器------------------
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
configureHeadlessProperty();
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
applicationArguments);
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
context = createApplicationContext();
analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
printedBanner);
//刷新IOC容器
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
listeners.finished(context, null);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
return context;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
}
配置默认访问首页:
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
//@EnableWebMvc 不要接管SpringMVC
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
}
//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
@Bean //将组件注册在容器
public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
}
};
return adapter;
}
}
配置国际化:
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
/**
* Comma-separated list of basenames (essentially a fully-qualified classpath
* location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for
* slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as
* "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
*/
private String basename = "messages";
//我们的配置文件可以直接放在类路径下叫messages.properties;
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource() {
ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
//设置国际化资源文件的基础名(去掉语言国家代码的)
messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
}
if (this.encoding != null) {
messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
}
messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
return messageSource;
}
DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="">
<title>Signin Template for Bootstraptitle>
<link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet">
head>
<body class="text-center">
<form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html">
<img class="mb-4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
<h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign inh1>
<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Usernamelabel>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" required="" autofocus="">
<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Passwordlabel>
<input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
<div class="checkbox mb-3">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"/> [[#{login.remember}]]
label>
div>
<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign inbutton>
<p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018p>
<a class="btn btn-sm">中文a>
<a class="btn btn-sm">Englisha>
form>
body>
html>
/**
* 可以在连接上携带区域信息
*/
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
@Override
public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
String l = request.getParameter("l");
Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
String[] split = l.split("_");
locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);
}
return locale;
}
@Override
public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) {
}
}
@Bean
public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
return new MyLocaleResolver();
}
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
if (this.mvcProperties
.getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
}
AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
return localeResolver;
}
默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息获取Locale进行国际化
登陆:
# 禁用缓存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}">p>
拦截器进行登陆检查:
/**
* 登陆检查,
*/
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//目标方法执行之前
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
if(user == null){
//未登陆,返回登陆页面
request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限请先登陆");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
return false;
}else{
//已登陆,放行请求
return true;
}
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
}
}
//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
@Bean //将组件注册在容器
public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
}
//注册拦截器
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
//super.addInterceptors(registry);
//静态资源; *.css , *.js
//SpringBoot已经做好了静态资源映射
registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
.excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");
}
};
return adapter;
}
CRUD-员工列表:
普通CRUD(uri来区分操作) | RestfulCRUD | |
---|---|---|
查询 | getEmp | emp—GET |
添加 | addEmp?xxx | emp—POST |
修改 | updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx | emp/{id}—PUT |
删除 | deleteEmp?id=1 | emp/{id}—DELETE |
实验功能 | 请求URI | 请求方式 |
---|---|---|
查询所有员工 | emps | GET |
查询某个员工(来到修改页面) | emp/1 | GET |
来到添加页面 | emp | GET |
添加员工 | emp | POST |
来到修改页面(查出员工进行信息回显) | emp/1 | GET |
修改员工 | emp | PUT |
删除员工 | emp/1 | DELETE |
thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取:
1、抽取公共片段
<div th:fragment="copy">
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
div>
2、引入公共片段
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}">div>
~{templatename::selector}:模板名::选择器
~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名
3、默认效果:
insert的公共片段在div标签中
如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入,可以不用写~{}:
行内写法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];
<footer th:fragment="copy">
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
footer>
引入方式
<div th:insert="footer :: copy">div>
<div th:replace="footer :: copy">div>
<div th:include="footer :: copy">div>
效果
<div>
<footer>
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
footer>
div>
<footer>
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
footer>
<div>
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
div>
<nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id="sidebar">
<div class="sidebar-sticky">
<ul class="nav flex-column">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active"
th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}"
href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-home">
<path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z">path>
<polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22">polyline>
svg>
Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)span>
a>
li>
<div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')">div>
CRUD-员工添加:
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label>LastNamelabel>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Emaillabel>
<input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="[email protected]">
div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Genderlabel><br/>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
<label class="form-check-label">男label>
div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
<label class="form-check-label">女label>
div>
div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>departmentlabel>
<select class="form-control">
<option>1option>
<option>2option>
<option>3option>
<option>4option>
<option>5option>
select>
div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birthlabel>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加button>
form>
CRUD-员工修改:
<form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
<input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}">
<div class="form-group">
<label>LastNamelabel>
<input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">
div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Emaillabel>
<input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="[email protected]" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">
div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Genderlabel><br/>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
<label class="form-check-label">男label>
div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">
<label class="form-check-label">女label>
div>
div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>departmentlabel>
<select class="form-control" name="department.id">
<option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1option>
select>
div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birthlabel>
<input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}">
div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加button>
form>
CRUD-员工删除:
<tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
<td th:text="${emp.id}">td>
<td>[[${emp.lastName}]]td>
<td th:text="${emp.email}">td>
<td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'">td>
<td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}">td>
<td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}">td>
<td>
<a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">编辑a>
<button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">删除button>
td>
tr>
<script>
$(".deleteBtn").click(function(){
//删除当前员工的
$("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();
return false;
});
script>
简介:
核心概念:
使用Docker的步骤:
安装Docker:
------------------设置好网络以后使用命令重启虚拟机的网络------------------
service network restart
------------------查看linux的ip地址------------------
ip addr
1、检查内核版本,必须是3.10及以上
uname -r
2、安装docker
yum install docker
3、输入y确认安装
4、启动docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost ~]# docker -v
Docker version 1.12.6, build 3e8e77d/1.12.6
5、开机启动docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
6、停止docker
systemctl stop docker
Docker常用命令&操作:
操作 | 命令 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
检索 | docker search 关键字 eg:docker search redis | 我们经常去docker hub上检索镜像的详细信息,如镜像的TAG。 |
拉取 | docker pull 镜像名:tag | :tag是可选的,tag表示标签,多为软件的版本,默认是latest |
列表 | docker images | 查看所有本地镜像 |
删除 | docker rmi image-id | 删除指定的本地镜像 |
1、搜索镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search tomcat
2、拉取镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull tomcat
3、根据镜像启动容器
docker run --name mytomcat -d tomcat:latest
4、docker ps
查看运行中的容器
5、 停止运行中的容器
docker stop 容器的id
6、查看所有的容器
docker ps -a
7、启动容器
docker start 容器id
8、删除一个容器
docker rm 容器id
9、启动一个做了端口映射的tomcat
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 8888:8080 tomcat
-d:后台运行
-p: 将主机的端口映射到容器的一个端口 主机端口:容器内部的端口
10、为了演示简单关闭了linux的防火墙
service firewalld status ;查看防火墙状态
service firewalld stop:关闭防火墙
11、查看容器的日志
docker logs container-name/container-id
更多命令参看
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/
可以参考每一个镜像的文档
----------------------------安装MySQL----------------------------
docker pull mysql
----------------------------错误的启动----------------------------
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql01 -d mysql
42f09819908bb72dd99ae19e792e0a5d03c48638421fa64cce5f8ba0f40f5846
mysql退出了
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
42f09819908b mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 34 seconds ago Exited (1) 33 seconds ago mysql01
538bde63e500 tomcat "catalina.sh run" About an hour ago Exited (143) About an hour ago compassionate_
goldstine
c4f1ac60b3fc tomcat "catalina.sh run" About an hour ago Exited (143) About an hour ago lonely_fermi
81ec743a5271 tomcat "catalina.sh run" About an hour ago Exited (143) About an hour ago sick_ramanujan
//错误日志
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs 42f09819908b
error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified
You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD;这个三个参数必须指定一个
----------------------------正确的启动----------------------------
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql01 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
b874c56bec49fb43024b3805ab51e9097da779f2f572c22c695305dedd684c5f
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b874c56bec49 mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 3306/tcp mysql01
----------------------------做了端口映射----------------------------
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql02 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
ad10e4bc5c6a0f61cbad43898de71d366117d120e39db651844c0e73863b9434
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ad10e4bc5c6a mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 4 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql02
----------------------------几个其他的高级操作----------------------------
docker run --name mysql03 -v /conf/mysql:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag
把主机的/conf/mysql文件夹挂载到 mysqldocker容器的/etc/mysql/conf.d文件夹里面
改mysql的配置文件就只需要把mysql配置文件放在自定义的文件夹下(/conf/mysql)
docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
指定mysql的一些配置参数
简介:
原理:
深层原理是使用了两个ClassLoader,一个Classloader加载那些不会改变的类(第三方Jar包),另一个ClassLoader加载会更改的类,称为restart ClassLoader,这样在有代码更改的时候,原来的restart ClassLoader 被丢弃,重新创建一个restart ClassLoader,由于需要加载的类相比较少,所以实现了较快的重启时间。使用方式:当发现任何类发生了改变,马上通过JVM类加载的方式,加载最新的类到虚拟机中。 这样就不需要重新启动也能看到修改后的效果了
使用springloaded依赖包配置pom.xml文件,使用mvn spring-boot:run启动
使用springloaded依赖包本地加载启动,配置jvm参数:-javaagent: -noverify
使用devtools依赖包,操作简单,但是每次需要重新部署
devtools工具包使用:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId>
<optional>trueoptional>
<scope>truescope>
dependency>
dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>truefork>
configuration>
plugin>
plugins>
build>
spring:
devtools:
restart:
enabled: true #设置开启热部署
additional-paths: src/main/java #重启目录
exclude: WEB-INF/**
freemarker:
cache: false #页面不加载缓存,修改即时生效
RestTemplate简述:
RestTemplate默认依赖jdk的HTTP连接工具
。当然你也可以通过setRequestFactory属性切换到不同的HTTP源,比如Apache HttpComponents、Netty和OkHttp。
HttpEntity的组成结构(header与body)
,且理解了与uriVariables之间的差异,才能真正掌握其用法。这一点在Post请求更加突出,下面会介绍到。HTTP method | RestTemplate methods |
---|---|
DELETE | delete |
GET | getForObject,getForEntity |
HEAD | headForHeaders |
OPTIONS | optionsForAllow |
Post | postForLocation,postForObject |
PUT | put |
any | exchange,execute(可以通用上述方法 ) |
HttpMessageConverterExtractor<T> responseExtractor =
new HttpMessageConverterExtractor<>(responseType, getMessageConverters(), logger);
public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> {
//指示此转换器是否可以读取给定的类。
boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, @Nullable MediaType mediaType);
//指示此转换器是否可以写给定的类。
boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, @Nullable MediaType mediaType);
//返回List
List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes();
//读取一个inputMessage
T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException;
//往output message写一个Object
void write(T t, @Nullable MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException;
}
RestTemplate详解:
get请求:getForObject()方法:
getForObject()其实比getForEntity()多包含了将HTTP转成POJO的功能,但是getForObject没有处理response的能力。因为它拿到手的就是成型的pojo。省略了很多response的信息。------------------------方法----------------------------
public <T> T getForObject(String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){}
public <T> T getForObject(String url, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables)
public <T> T getForObject(URI url, Class<T> responseType)
-----------------------不带参数---------------------------
Notice notice = restTemplate.getForObject("http://xxx.top/notice/list/1/5"
, Notice.class);
-----------------------带参数--------------------------------------
Notice notice = restTemplate.getForObject("http://fantj.top/notice/list/{1}/{2}"
, Notice.class,1,5);
-----------------------带参数,用map封装-----------------------
map.put("start","1");
map.put("page","5");
Notice notice = restTemplate.getForObject("http://fantj.top/notice/list/"
, Notice.class,map);
get请求:getForEntity()方法:
与getForObject()方法不同的是返回的是ResponseEntity对象,如果需要转换成pojo,还需要json工具类的引入,这个按个人喜好用。不会解析json的可以百度FastJson或者Jackson等工具类。------------------------方法----------------------------
public <T> ResponseEntity<T> getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables){}
public <T> ResponseEntity<T> getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables){}
public <T> ResponseEntity<T> getForEntity(URI url, Class<T> responseType){}
------------------------ResponseEntity.java------------------------
public HttpStatus getStatusCode(){}
public int getStatusCodeValue(){}
public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {}
public String toString() {}
public static BodyBuilder status(HttpStatus status) {}
public static BodyBuilder ok() {}
public static <T> ResponseEntity<T> ok(T body) {}
public static BodyBuilder created(URI location) {}
...
------------------------HttpStatus.java------------------------
public enum HttpStatus {
public boolean is1xxInformational() {}
public boolean is2xxSuccessful() {}
public boolean is3xxRedirection() {}
public boolean is4xxClientError() {}
public boolean is5xxServerError() {}
public boolean isError() {}
}
------------------------BodyBuilder.java------------------------
public interface BodyBuilder extends HeadersBuilder<BodyBuilder> {
//设置正文的长度,以字节为单位,由Content-Length标头
BodyBuilder contentLength(long contentLength);
//设置body的MediaType 类型
BodyBuilder contentType(MediaType contentType);
//设置响应实体的主体并返回它。
<T> ResponseEntity<T> body(@Nullable T body);
}
------------------------举例------------------------
ResponseEntity<Notice> entity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://fantj.top/notice/list/1/5"
, Notice.class);
HttpStatus statusCode = entity.getStatusCode();
Notice body = entity.getBody();
post请求也有postForObject和postForEntity:
------------------------方法----------------------------
public <T> T postForObject(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables)
throws RestClientException {}
public <T> T postForObject(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables)
throws RestClientException {}
public <T> T postForObject(URI url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType) throws RestClientException {}
------------------------举例-----------------------
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://47.xxx.xxx.96/register/checkEmail";
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED);
MultiValueMap<String, String> map= new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
map.add("email", "[email protected]");
HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> request = new HttpEntity<>(map, headers);
ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity( url, request , String.class );
System.out.println(response.getBody());
exchange()
方法跟上面的getForObject()、getForEntity()、postForObject()、postForEntity()等方法不同之处在于它可以指定请求的HTTP类型。excute()
的用法与exchange()大同小异了,它同样可以指定不同的HttpMethod,不同的是它返回的对象是响应体所映射成的对象,而不是ResponseEntity。springboot actuator介绍
使用介绍:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuatorartifactId>
dependency>
所有的监控端点endpoints介绍:
ID | 描述 |
---|---|
auditeve | nts |
beans | 显示应用程序中所有Spring bean的完整列表。 |
caches | 暴露可用的缓存。 |
conditions | 显示在配置和自动配置类上评估的条件以及它们匹配或不匹配的原因。 |
configprops | 显示所有的整理列表@ConfigurationProperties,查看配置属性,包括默认配置 |
env | 露出Spring的属性的各种环境变量,后面可跟/{name}查看具体的值 |
flyway | 显示已应用的任何Flyway数据库迁移。 |
health | 显示应用健康信息,在spring boot2.0以后需要在配置里show-details打开所有健康信息 |
httptrace | 显示HTTP跟踪信息(默认情况下,最后100个HTTP请求 - 响应交换),2.0以后需要手动打开 |
info | 显示任意应用信息,是在配置文件里自己定义的 |
integrationgraph | 显示Spring Integration图。 |
loggers | 显示和修改应用程序中记录器的配置。 |
liquibase | 显示已应用的任何Liquibase数据库迁移。 |
metrics | 显示当前应用程序的“指标”信息,比如内存用量和HTTP请求计数,后可跟/{name}查看具体值 |
mappings | 显示所有@RequestMapping路径的整理列表。 |
scheduledtasks | 显示应用程序中的计划任务。 |
sessions | 允许从Spring Session支持的会话存储中检索和删除用户会话。使用Spring Session对响应式Web应用程序的支持时不可用 |
shutdown | 允许应用程序正常关闭。 |
threaddump | 执行线程转储。 |
ID | 描述 |
---|---|
heapdump | 返回hprof堆转储文件。 |
jolokia | 通过HTTP公开JMX bean(当Jolokia在类路径上时,不适用于WebFlux)。 |
logfile | 返回日志文件的内容(如果已设置logging.file或logging.path属性)。支持使用HTTP Range标头检索部分日志文件的内容。 |
prometheus | 以可以由Prometheus服务器抓取的格式公开指标。 |
include: “*”
,这个"“双引号是必须要在application.yml
中,在application.properties是不需要”"双引号的,application.properties中是这样的:management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*#打开所有端点
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include:"*"
#调整端点的前缀路径为/
management:
endpoints:
web:
base-path: /
#显示健康具体信息 默认不会显示详细信息
management:
endpoint:
health:
show-details:always
JDBC:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbcartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
<scope>runtimescope>
dependency>
spring:
datasource:
username: root
password: 123456
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22:3306/jdbc
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
可以使用spring.datasource.type指定自定义的数据源类型;
SpringBoot默认可以支持;
--------------------------自定义数据源类型--------------------------
/**
* Generic DataSource configuration.
*/
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type")
static class Generic {
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) {
//使用DataSourceBuilder创建数据源,利用反射创建响应type的数据源,并且绑定相关属性
return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build();
}
}
---------------DataSourceInitializer的sql语句默认只需要将文件命名为:---------------------
schema-*.sql、data-*.sql
默认规则:schema.sql,schema-all.sql;
可以使用
schema:
- classpath:department.sql
指定位置
整合Druid数据源:
导入druid数据源
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
@Bean
public DataSource druid(){
return new DruidDataSource();
}
//配置Druid的监控
//1、配置一个管理后台的Servlet
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){
ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
initParams.put("loginUsername","admin");
initParams.put("loginPassword","123456");
initParams.put("allow","");//默认就是允许所有访问
initParams.put("deny","192.168.15.21");
bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
return bean;
}
//2、配置一个web监控的filter
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){
FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
initParams.put("exclusions","*.js,*.css,/druid/*");
bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));
return bean;
}
}
整合MyBatis:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>1.3.1version>
dependency>
--------------------------指定这是一个操作数据库的mapper--------------------------
@Mapper
public interface DepartmentMapper {
@Select("select * from department where id=#{id}")
public Department getDeptById(Integer id);
@Delete("delete from department where id=#{id}")
public int deleteDeptById(Integer id);
@Options(useGeneratedKeys = true,keyProperty = "id")
@Insert("insert into department(departmentName) values(#{departmentName})")
public int insertDept(Department department);
@Update("update department set departmentName=#{departmentName} where id=#{id}")
public int updateDept(Department department);
}
--------------------------添加一个ConfigurationCustomizer--------------------------
@org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
public class MyBatisConfig {
@Bean
public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer(){
return new ConfigurationCustomizer(){
@Override
public void customize(Configuration configuration) {
configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);
}
};
}
}
----------------------使用MapperScan批量扫描所有的Mapper接口--------------------------
@MapperScan(value = "com.atguigu.springboot.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication.class, args);
}
}
mybatis:
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml 指定全局配置文件的位置
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml 指定sql映射文件的位置
整合SpringData JPA:
--------------------实体类------------------------
//使用JPA注解配置映射关系
@Entity //告诉JPA这是一个实体类(和数据表映射的类)
@Table(name = "tbl_user") //@Table来指定和哪个数据表对应;如果省略默认表名就是user;
public class User {
@Id //这是一个主键
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//自增主键
private Integer id;
@Column(name = "last_name",length = 50) //这是和数据表对应的一个列
private String lastName;
@Column //省略默认列名就是属性名
private String email;
--------------------Dao接口------------------------
//继承JpaRepository来完成对数据库的操作
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
}
--------------------JpaProperties--------------------
spring:
jpa:
hibernate:
#更新或者创建数据表结构
ddl-auto: update
#控制台显示SQL
show-sql: true
异步任务:
@EnableAsync注解开启异步任务
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync // 开启异步功能
public class SpringBootTaskApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext ico = SpringApplication.run(SpringBootTaskApplication.class, args);
}
}
在SpringBoot中,异步任务可以使用@Async注解,可以在方法上标注该注解,说明该方法是异步方法,也可以标注在类上,表示该类的所有方法都是异步方法。
注意: 异步任务在其它类中调用才会起作用, 调用同一个类中的异步方法是不会起作用的@Service
public class AsyncServiceImpl implements AsyncService {
@Override
@Async
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("这是异步任务1");
System.out.println("当前线程名" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
@Override
@Async
public void sayHello1() {
// 调用本类的异步方法
this.sayHello();
System.out.println("这是异步任务2");
System.out.println("当前线程名" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
@RestController
public class TestController {
@Autowired
private AsyncService asyncService;
@RequestMapping("/testasync1")
public String testAsync1() {
System.out.println("访问testasync1");
System.out.println("这是controller");
System.out.println("当前线程名" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
asyncService.sayHello();
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/testasync2")
public String testAsync2() {
System.out.println("访问testasync2");
System.out.println("这是controller");
System.out.println("当前线程名" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
asyncService.sayHello1();
return "success";
}
}
使用自定义线程池我们可以来实现Spring的AsyncConfigurer接口
@Configuration
public class AysncConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {
@Override
public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
executor.setCorePoolSize(10);
executor.setMaxPoolSize(30);
executor.setQueueCapacity(3000);
executor.initialize();
return executor;
}
}
定时任务:
@EnableScheduling
、 @Scheduled
。@EnableScheduling作用在启动类上,开启基于注解的定时任务。
@Scheduled作用在方法上,表示该方法为定时方法。
另外一种就是使用接口SchedulingConfigurer。
@EnableAsync //开启异步注解功能
@EnableScheduling //开启基于注解的定时任务
@SpringBootApplication
public class Springboot04TaskApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Springboot04TaskApplication.class, args);
}
}
@Service
public class ScheduledService {
/**
* second(秒), minute(分), hour(时), day of month(日), month(月), day of week(周几).
* 0 * * * * MON-FRI
* 【0 0/5 14,18 * * ?】 每天14点整,和18点整,每隔5分钟执行一次
* 【0 15 10 ? * 1-6】 每个月的周一至周六10:15分执行一次
* 【0 0 2 ? * 6L】每个月的最后一个周六凌晨2点执行一次
* 【0 0 2 LW * ?】每个月的最后一个工作日凌晨2点执行一次
* 【0 0 2-4 ? * 1#1】每个月的第一个周一凌晨2点到4点期间,每个整点都执行一次;
*/
// @Scheduled(cron = "0 * * * * MON-SAT")
//@Scheduled(cron = "0,1,2,3,4 * * * * MON-SAT")
// @Scheduled(cron = "0-4 * * * * MON-SAT")
@Scheduled(cron = "0/4 * * * * MON-SAT") //每4秒执行一次
public void hello(){
System.out.println("hello ... ");
}
}
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(value = "com.es.evaluation_teaching_wp.utils")
@EnableScheduling
public class Config implements SchedulingConfigurer {
private final int POOL_SIZE = 10;
@Override
public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar taskRegistrar) {
ThreadPoolTaskScheduler threadPoolTaskScheduler = new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler();
threadPoolTaskScheduler.setPoolSize(POOL_SIZE);
threadPoolTaskScheduler.setThreadNamePrefix("my-scheduled-task-pool-");
threadPoolTaskScheduler.initialize();
scheduledTaskRegistrar.setTaskScheduler(threadPoolTaskScheduler);
taskRegistrar.addFixedRateTask(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("addFixedRateTask new Runnable() 定时任务执行了。");
}
},100);
taskRegistrar.addTriggerTask(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("addTriggerTask new Runnable() 定时任务执行了。");
}
}, new Trigger() {
@Override
public Date nextExecutionTime(TriggerContext triggerContext) {
// 定时任务触发,可修改定时任务的执行周期
CronTrigger trigger = new CronTrigger("*/2 * * * * ?");
Date nextExecDate = trigger.nextExecutionTime(triggerContext);
return nextExecDate;
}
});
//或者使用JDK 1.8的Lambda表达式
taskRegistrar.addFixedRateTask(() -> System.out.println("Lambda表达式,执行定时任务1: " + new Date()), 1000);
TriggerTask triggrtTask = new TriggerTask( // 任务内容.拉姆达表达式
() -> {System.out.println("Lambda表达式,执行定时任务2: " + new Date());},
// 设置触发器,这里是一个拉姆达表达式,传入的TriggerContext类型,返回的是Date类型
triggerContext -> {
// 2.3 返回执行周期(Date)
return new CronTrigger("*/2 * * * * ?").nextExecutionTime(triggerContext);
});
taskRegistrar.addTriggerTask(triggrtTask);
}
}
几个重要的事件回调机制:
启动流程:
initialize(sources);
private void initialize(Object[] sources) {
//保存主配置类
if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) {
this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources));
}
//判断当前是否一个web应用
this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment();
//从类路径下找到META-INF/spring.factories配置的所有ApplicationContextInitializer;然后保存起来
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
//从类路径下找到ETA-INF/spring.factories配置的所有ApplicationListener
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
//从多个配置类中找到有main方法的主配置类
this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
configureHeadlessProperty();
//获取SpringApplicationRunListeners;从类路径下META-INF/spring.factories
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
//回调所有的获取SpringApplicationRunListener.starting()方法
listeners.starting();
try {
//封装命令行参数
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
args);
//准备环境
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
applicationArguments);
//创建环境完成后回调SpringApplicationRunListener.environmentPrepared();表示环境准备完成
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
//创建ApplicationContext;决定创建web的ioc还是普通的ioc
context = createApplicationContext();
analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
//准备上下文环境;将environment保存到ioc中;而且applyInitializers();
//applyInitializers():回调之前保存的所有的ApplicationContextInitializer的initialize方法
//回调所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared();
//
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
printedBanner);
//prepareContext运行完成以后回调所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextLoaded();
//s刷新容器;ioc容器初始化(如果是web应用还会创建嵌入式的Tomcat);Spring注解版
//扫描,创建,加载所有组件的地方;(配置类,组件,自动配置)
refreshContext(context);
//从ioc容器中获取所有的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner进行回调
//ApplicationRunner先回调,CommandLineRunner再回调
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
//所有的SpringApplicationRunListener回调finished方法
listeners.finished(context, null);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
//整个SpringBoot应用启动完成以后返回启动的ioc容器;
return context;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
}
-----------------------ApplicationContextInitializer------------------
public class HelloApplicationContextInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> {
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) {
System.out.println("ApplicationContextInitializer...initialize..."+applicationContext);
}
}
---------------------SpringApplicationRunListener-------------------------
public class HelloSpringApplicationRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener {
//必须有的构造器
public HelloSpringApplicationRunListener(SpringApplication application, String[] args){
}
@Override
public void starting() {
System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...starting...");
}
@Override
public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
Object o = environment.getSystemProperties().get("os.name");
System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...environmentPrepared.."+o);
}
@Override
public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextPrepared...");
}
@Override
public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...contextLoaded...");
}
@Override
public void finished(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) {
System.out.println("SpringApplicationRunListener...finished...");
}
}
--------------------配置(META-INF/spring.factories)--------------------
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
com.atguigu.springboot.listener.HelloApplicationContextInitializer
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=\
com.atguigu.springboot.listener.HelloSpringApplicationRunListener
----------------------只需要放在ioc容器中:ApplicationRunner--------------------
@Component
public class HelloApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner {
@Override
public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("ApplicationRunner...run....");
}
}
-------------------只需要放在ioc容器中:CommandLineRunner-----------------------
@Component
public class HelloCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("CommandLineRunner...run..."+ Arrays.asList(args));
}
}
starter:
spring-boot-starter---所有starter的基本配置
@Configuration //指定这个类是一个配置类
@ConditionalOnXXX //在指定条件成立的情况下自动配置类生效
@AutoConfigureAfter //指定自动配置类的顺序
@Bean //给容器中添加组件
@ConfigurationPropertie结合相关xxxProperties类来绑定相关的配置
@EnableConfigurationProperties //让xxxProperties生效加入到容器中
自动配置类要能加载
将需要启动就加载的自动配置类,配置在META-INF/spring.factories
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
xxxxAutoConfigurartion:自动配置类,给容器中添加组件。
xxxxProperties:封装配置文件中相关属性。
模式:
步骤:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<groupId>com.atguigu.startergroupId>
<artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.startergroupId>
<artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurerartifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
dependency>
dependencies>
project>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<groupId>com.atguigu.startergroupId>
<artifactId>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurerartifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>
<packaging>jarpackaging>
<name>atguigu-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurername>
<description>Demo project for Spring Bootdescription>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
<version>1.5.10.RELEASEversion>
<relativePath/>
parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8java.version>
properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starterartifactId>
dependency>
dependencies>
project>
package com.atguigu.starter;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "atguigu.hello")
public class HelloProperties {
private String prefix;
private String suffix;
public String getPrefix() {
return prefix;
}
public void setPrefix(String prefix) {
this.prefix = prefix;
}
public String getSuffix() {
return suffix;
}
public void setSuffix(String suffix) {
this.suffix = suffix;
}
}
package com.atguigu.starter;
public class HelloService {
HelloProperties helloProperties;
public HelloProperties getHelloProperties() {
return helloProperties;
}
public void setHelloProperties(HelloProperties helloProperties) {
this.helloProperties = helloProperties;
}
public String sayHellAtguigu(String name){
return helloProperties.getPrefix()+"-" +name + helloProperties.getSuffix();
}
}
package com.atguigu.starter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication //web应用才生效
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)
public class HelloServiceAutoConfiguration {
@Autowired
HelloProperties helloProperties;
@Bean
public HelloService helloService(){
HelloService service = new HelloService();
service.setHelloProperties(helloProperties);
return service;
}
}
SpringBoot的auto-configuration工作原理:
读取spring.factories文件:
加载XxxProperties类:
根据@ConditionalXxx注解决定加载哪些组件:
SpringBoot之Starter:
SpringBoot的starter主要用来简化依赖用的
。