目录
一、使用设备树
1.1 修改设备树流程
二、手动创建平台设备
三、总结(附驱动程序)
前情提要:【IMX6ULL驱动开发学习】07.驱动程序分离的思想之平台总线设备驱动模型和设备树_阿龙还在写代码的博客-CSDN博客
手动注册平台设备和设备树的目的都是为了构造platform_device结构体
之前的驱动编写方式,引脚信息在驱动程序里写死了,移植性差。而使用设备树,这样的程序编写方式便于在换了板子或引脚之后,只要修改设备树的节点信息即可,不需要看复杂的驱动程序,前提是有完备的驱动程序。
在驱动程序的入口函数里注册了gpio_platform_driver,
module_init(gpio_drv_init);
static int __init gpio_drv_init(void)
{
/* 注册platform_driver */
return platform_driver_register(&gpio_platform_driver);
}
gpio_platform_driver结构体中probe函数被调用,需要在设备树中找到与之匹配的设备节点信息,即设备节点信息也要含有这个语句.compatible = "100ask,gpiodemo"
static const struct of_device_id gpio_dt_ids[] = {
{ .compatible = "100ask,gpiodemo", },
{ /* sentinel */ }
};
static struct platform_driver gpio_platform_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "100ask_gpio_plat_drv",
.of_match_table = gpio_dt_ids,
},
.probe = gpio_drv_probe,
.remove = gpio_drv_remove,
};
在内核目录下找到设备树文件,以我的路径为例,这里给出绝对路径
motor {
compatible = "100ask,gpiodemo";
gpios = <&gpio4 19 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>,
<&gpio4 20 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>,
<&gpio4 21 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>,
<&gpio4 22 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
};
PC:
cp arch/arm/boot/dts/100ask_imx6ull-14x14.dtb ~/nfs_rootfs/
开发板:
mount -t nfs -o nolock,vers=3 192.168.5.11:/home/book/nfs_rootfs /mnt
cp /mnt/100ask_imx6ull-14x14.dtb /boot
reboot
有这个motor文件表示有了对应的平台设备。
./button_test /dev/motor ...
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
static struct resource my_drv_resource[] = {
{
.start = 115,
.end = 115,
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
},
{
.start = 116,
.end = 116,
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
},
{
.start = 117,
.end = 117,
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
},
{
.start = 118,
.end = 118,
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
},
};
static struct platform_device gpio_platform_device = {
.name = "100ask_gpio_plat_drv",
.id = 0,
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(my_drv_resource),// =4 宏来计算数组大小
.resource = my_drv_resource,
};
static int __init gpio_dev_init(void)
{
/* 注册platform_driver */
return platform_device_register(&gpio_platform_device);
}
static void __exit gpio_dev_exit(void)
{
/* 反注册platform_driver */
platform_device_unregister(&gpio_platform_device);
}
/* 7. 其他完善:提供设备信息,自动创建设备节点 */
module_init(gpio_dev_init);
module_exit(gpio_dev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
其中,由这个名字"100ask_gpio_plat_drv"找到与之匹配的平台驱动(platform_driver)
static struct platform_device gpio_platform_device = {
.name = "100ask_gpio_plat_drv",
.id = 0,
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(my_drv_resource),// =4 宏来计算数组大小
.resource = my_drv_resource,
};
KERN_DIR = /home/book/100ask_imx6ull-sdk/Linux-4.9.88 # 板子所用内核源码的目录
all:
make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules
$(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc -o button_test button_test.c
clean:
make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean
rm -rf modules.order button_test
# 参考内核源码drivers/char/ipmi/Makefile
# 要想把a.c, b.c编译成ab.ko, 可以这样指定:
# ab-y := a.o b.o
# obj-m += ab.o
obj-m += gpio_drv.o
obj-m += gpio_dev.o
motor {
compatible = "100ask,gpiodemo";
gpios = <&gpio4 19 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>,
<&gpio4 20 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>,
<&gpio4 21 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>,
<&gpio4 22 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
status = "disabled";
};
PC:
cp arch/arm/boot/dts/100ask_imx6ull-14x14.dtb ~/nfs_rootfs/
开发板:
mount -t nfs -o nolock,vers=3 192.168.5.11:/home/book/nfs_rootfs /mnt
cp /mnt/100ask_imx6ull-14x14.dtb /boot
reboot
状态为禁止状态,设备树节点信息被我们禁用了
这个平台驱动支持名为"100ask_gpio_plat_drv"的设备,设备节点也出来了
这个驱动程序,在入口函数里注册了平台驱动,这个平台驱动可以支持来自设备树的平台设备.compatible = "100ask,gpiodemo",和来自自己手动创建的平台设备.name = "100ask_gpio_plat_drv"。匹配规则有4种,这里用的是最简单的。当平台driver匹配到平台device时,驱动程序里的probe函数就被调用,probe函数里可以从设备树里得到引脚信息,也可以从手动注册的平台device里得到所谓的资源。
static const struct of_device_id gpio_dt_ids[] = {
{ .compatible = "100ask,gpiodemo", },
{ /* sentinel */ }
};
static struct platform_driver gpio_platform_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "100ask_gpio_plat_drv",
.of_match_table = gpio_dt_ids,//设备树信息
},
.probe = gpio_drv_probe,
.remove = gpio_drv_remove,
};
驱动程序:
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
struct gpio_desc{
int gpio;
int irq;
char name[128];
int key;
struct timer_list key_timer;
} ;
static struct gpio_desc *gpios;
static int count;
/* 主设备号 */
static int major = 0;
static struct class *gpio_class;
/* 马达引脚设置数字 */
static int g_motor_pin_ctrl[8]= {0x2,0x3,0x1,0x9,0x8,0xc,0x4,0x6};
static int g_motor_index = 0;
void set_pins_for_motor(int index)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
gpio_set_value(gpios[i].gpio, g_motor_pin_ctrl[index] & (1< 0 : 逆时针步进; < 0 : 顺时针步进
* buf[1] = mdelay的时间
*/
static ssize_t motor_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
int ker_buf[2];
int err;
int step;
if (size != 8)
return -EINVAL;
err = copy_from_user(ker_buf, buf, size);
if (ker_buf[0] > 0)
{
/* 逆时针旋转 */
for (step = 0; step < ker_buf[0]; step++)
{
set_pins_for_motor(g_motor_index);
mdelay(ker_buf[1]);
g_motor_index--;
if (g_motor_index == -1)
g_motor_index = 7;
}
}
else
{
/* 顺时针旋转 */
ker_buf[0] = 0 - ker_buf[0];
for (step = 0; step < ker_buf[0]; step++)
{
set_pins_for_motor(g_motor_index);
mdelay(ker_buf[1]);
g_motor_index++;
if (g_motor_index == 8)
g_motor_index = 0;
}
}
/* 改进:旋转到位后让马达不再消耗电源 */
disable_motor();
return 8;
}
/* 定义自己的file_operations结构体 */
static struct file_operations gpio_key_drv = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.write = motor_write,
};
/* 在入口函数 */
static int gpio_drv_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
int err = 0;
int i;
struct device_node *np = pdev->dev.of_node;
struct resource *res;
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
/* 从platfrom_device获得引脚信息
* 1. pdev来自c文件
* 2. pdev来自设备树
*/
if (np)
{
/* pdev来自设备树 : 示例
reg_usb_ltemodule: regulator@1 {
compatible = "100ask,gpiodemo";
gpios = <&gpio5 5 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>, <&gpio5 3 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
};
*/
count = of_gpio_count(np);
if (!count)
return -EINVAL;
gpios = kmalloc(count * sizeof(struct gpio_desc), GFP_KERNEL);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
gpios[i].gpio = of_get_gpio(np, i);
sprintf(gpios[i].name, "%s_pin_%d", np->name, i);
}
}
else
{
/* pdev来自c文件
static struct resource omap16xx_gpio3_resources[] = {
{
.start = 115,
.end = 115,
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
},
{
.start = 118,
.end = 118,
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
}, };
*/
count = 0;
while (1)
{
res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ, count);
if (res)
{
count++;
}
else
{
break;
}
}
if (!count)
return -EINVAL;
gpios = kmalloc(count * sizeof(struct gpio_desc), GFP_KERNEL);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ, i);
gpios[i].gpio = res->start;
sprintf(gpios[i].name, "%s_pin_%d", pdev->name, i);
}
}
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
err = gpio_request(gpios[i].gpio, gpios[i].name);
gpio_direction_output(gpios[i].gpio, 0);
}
/* 注册file_operations */
major = register_chrdev(0, "100ask_gpio_key", &gpio_key_drv); /* /dev/gpio_desc */
gpio_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "100ask_gpio_key_class");
if (IS_ERR(gpio_class)) {
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_gpio_key");
return PTR_ERR(gpio_class);
}
device_create(gpio_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "motor"); /* /dev/motor */
return err;
}
/* 有入口函数就应该有出口函数:卸载驱动程序时,就会去调用这个出口函数
*/
static int gpio_drv_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
int i;
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
device_destroy(gpio_class, MKDEV(major, 0));
class_destroy(gpio_class);
unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_gpio_key");
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
gpio_free(gpios[i].gpio);
}
return 0;
}
static const struct of_device_id gpio_dt_ids[] = {
{ .compatible = "100ask,gpiodemo", },
{ /* sentinel */ }
};
static struct platform_driver gpio_platform_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "100ask_gpio_plat_drv",
.of_match_table = gpio_dt_ids,//设备树信息
},
.probe = gpio_drv_probe,
.remove = gpio_drv_remove,
};
static int __init gpio_drv_init(void)
{
/* 注册platform_driver */
return platform_driver_register(&gpio_platform_driver);
}
static void __exit gpio_drv_exit(void)
{
/* 反注册platform_driver */
platform_driver_unregister(&gpio_platform_driver);
}
/* 7. 其他完善:提供设备信息,自动创建设备节点 */
module_init(gpio_drv_init);
module_exit(gpio_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");