MPEG

MPEG，全称Moving Picture Expert Group，动态图像专家组，1988年5月由ISO和IEC联合成立。下图是该小组所在的组织架构图

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MPEG制定了音视频的很多标准，有MPEG-1，MPEG-2，MPEG-4，MPEG-7，MPEG-21

MPEG-1

MPEG-1标准主要为CD光盘介质定制音视频压缩格式，它采用了块方式的运动补偿、离散余弦变换（DCT）、量化等技术，并为1.2Mbps传输速率进行了优化，后来被广泛应用在VCD光盘。MPEG-1将音频压缩协议分三层，分别为MPEG-1 Layer1，MPEG-Layer2以及MPEG-Layer3，并且高层兼容低层。其中第三层协议被称为MPEG-1 Layer 3，简称MP3。
MPEG-1标准文档编号为ISO/IEC 11172，http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=22412 ，目录结构如下：

ISO/IEC 11172-1:1993 -- Part 1: Systems
ISO/IEC 11172-2:1993 -- Part 2: Video
ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993 -- Part 3: Audio
ISO/IEC 11172-4:1995 --Part 4: Compliance testing
ISO/IEC TR 11172-5:1998 -- Part 5: Software simulation

MPEG-2

MPEG-2是基于数字存储媒体运动图像和语音的压缩标准，与MPEG-1标准相比，MPEG-2标准具有更高的图像质量、更多的图像格式和传输码率的图像压缩标准。其主要应用领域有DVD，广播，有线电视网，卫星直播。
MPEG-2标准文档编号ISO/IEC 13818，http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=22989 ，文档目录结构如下：

ISO/IEC 13818-1:2000 -- Systems
ISO/IEC 13818-2:2000 --Video
ISO/IEC 13818-3:1998 -- Part 3: Audio
ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998 -- Part 4: Conformance testing
ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998/Cor 2:1998
ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998/Amd 1:1999 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) conformance testing
ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998/Amd 2:2000 System target decoder model
ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998/Amd 3:2000 Additional audio conformance bitstreams
ISO/IEC TR 13818-5:1997 -- Part 5: Software simulation
ISO/IEC TR 13818-5:1997/Amd 1:1999 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
ISO/IEC 13818-6:-- Part 6: Extensions for DSM-CC
ISO/IEC 13818-6:1998/Cor 1:1999
ISO/IEC 13818-6:1998/Amd 1:2000 Additions to support data broadcasting
ISO/IEC 13818-6:1998/Amd 2:2000 Additions to support synchronized download services,opportunistic data services and resource announcement in broadcast and interactive services
ISO/IEC 13818-7:1997 -- Part 7: Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
ISO/IEC 13818-7:1997/Cor 1:1998
ISO/IEC 13818-9:1996 -- Part 9: Extension for real time interface for systems decoders
ISO/IEC 13818-10:1999 -- Part 10: Conformance extensions for Digital Storage Media
Command and Control (DSM-CC)

其中Part 7定义了AAC的编解码的规范

MPEG-4

MPEG4不仅是针对一定比特率下的视频、音频编码，更加注重多媒体系统的交互性和灵活性。与MPEG-1和MPEG-2相比，MPEG-4的特点是其更适于交互AV服务以及远程监控。
MPEG-4标准文档编号ISO/IEC 14496，http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59240 ，文档目录结构如下：

ISO/IEC 14496-1 Systems
ISO/IEC 14496-2 Visual
ISO/IEC 14496-3 Audio
ISO/IEC 14496-4 Conformance
ISO/IEC 14496-5 Reference
ISO/IEC 14496-6 Delivery MultimediaIntegration Framework (DMIF)
ISO/IECTR 14496-7 Optimized reference software for coding of audio-visual objects
ISO/IEC 14496-8 Carriage of ISO/IEC 14496contents over IP networks
ISO/IECTR 14496-9 Reference hardware description
ISO/IEC 14496-10 Advanced Video Coding (AVC)
ISO/IEC 14496-11 Scene description andapplication engine
ISO/IEC 14496-12 ISO base media file format
ISO/IEC 14496-13 Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP) Extensions
ISO/IEC 14496-14 MP4 file format
ISO/IEC 14496-15 Advanced Video Coding (AVC)file format
ISO/IEC 14496-16 Animation Framework eXtension(AFX)
ISO/IEC 14496-17 Streaming text format
ISO/IEC 14496-18 Font compression and streaming F
ISO/IEC 14496-19 Synthesized texture stream
ISO/IEC 14496-20 Lightweight Application SceneRepresentation (LASeR) and Simple Aggregation Format (SAF)
ISO/IEC 14496-21 Graphics Framework eXtensions(GFX)
ISO/IEC 14496-22 Open Font Format
ISO/IEC 14496-23 Symbolic Music Representation(SMR)
ISO/IECTR 14496-24 Audio and systems interaction
ISO/IEC 14496-25 3D Graphics Compression Model
ISO/IEC 14496-26 Audio Conformance
ISO/IEC 14496-27 3D Graphics conformance
ISO/IECCD 14496-28 Composite font representation

其中Part 10 AVC，它和H.264一起定义了高度压缩数字视频编解码器标准，这个标准通常被称之为H.264/AVC（或者AVC/H.264或者H.264/MPEG-4 AVC或MPEG-4/H.264 AVC）。大多数网络视频都采用H.264标准。

MPEG-7

MPEG-7并不是一个视讯压缩标准，它是一个多媒体内容的描述标准。
MPEG-7标准文档编号ISO/IEC 15938， http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=39477 ，文档目录结构如下：

ISO/IEC 15938-1 Systems
ISO/IEC 15938-2 Description definition language
ISO/IEC 15938-3 Visual
ISO/IEC 15938-4 Audio
ISO/IEC 15938-5 Multimedia description schemes
ISO/IEC 15938-6 Reference software
ISO/IEC 15938-7 Conformance testing
ISO/IEC 15938-8 Extraction and use of MPEG-7 descriptions
ISO/IEC 15938-9 Profiles and levels
ISO/IEC 15938-10 Schema definition
ISO/IEC 15938-11 MPEG-7 profile schemas
ISO/IEC 15938-12 Query format
ISO/IEC 15938-13 Compact descriptors for visual search

MPEG-21

MPEG-21是一个正在制定中的标准，它的目标是为未来多媒体的应用提供一个完整的平台。
MPEG-21标准文档编号ISO/IEC 21000， http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=37380 ，文档目录结构如下：

ISO/IEC 21000-1 Vision, Technologies and Strategy
ISO/IEC 21000-2 Digital Item Declaration
ISO/IEC 21000-3 Digital Item Identification
ISO/IEC 21000-4 Intellectual Property Management and Protection Components
ISO/IEC 21000-5 Rights Expression Language

MPEG标准大全