Python3 实现简单HTTP服务器（附带文件上传）
1、使用Python3 内部提供的http.server
python -m http.server（默认端口8000）。
默认情况下它会以当前运行目录为根目录，建立HTTP服务。如果当前目录存在index.html或者index.htm文件，那么默认会读取该文件作为首页访问；如果不存在那么就会建立一个文件服务器，支持浏览和下载。
2、基于http.server改造，具备文件上传功能
新建http_server.py文件，代码如下，执行python3 -m http_server.py（端口默认是8000）。需要说明的是，在Windows环境下，只能使用localhost测试，这个跟你的hosts配置文件有关。
在一些有限制的服务器（如堡垒机限制的服务器）里面，可以采用这种方式进行文件的上传和下载是非常方便的。
# !/usr/bin/env python3
import datetime
import email
import html
import http.server
import io
import mimetypes
import os
import posixpath
import re
import shutil
import sys
import urllib.error
import urllib.parse
import urllib.request
from http import HTTPStatus
__version__ = "0.1"
__all__ = ["SimpleHTTPRequestHandler"]
class SimpleHTTPRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
server_version = "SimpleHTTP/" + __version__
extensions_map = _encodings_map_default = {
'.gz': 'application/gzip',
'.Z': 'application/octet-stream',
'.bz2': 'application/x-bzip2',
'.xz': 'application/x-xz',
}
def __init__(self, *args, directory=None, **kwargs):
if directory is None:
directory = os.getcwd()
self.directory = os.fspath(directory)
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def do_GET(self):
f = self.send_head()
if f:
try:
self.copyfile(f, self.wfile)
finally:
f.close()
def do_HEAD(self):
f = self.send_head()
if f:
f.close()
def send_head(self):
path = self.translate_path(self.path)
f = None
if os.path.isdir(path):
parts = urllib.parse.urlsplit(self.path)
if not parts.path.endswith('/'):
# redirect browser - doing basically what apache does
self.send_response(HTTPStatus.MOVED_PERMANENTLY)
new_parts = (parts[0], parts[1], parts[2] + '/',
parts[3], parts[4])
new_url = urllib.parse.urlunsplit(new_parts)
self.send_header("Location", new_url)
self.end_headers()
return None
for index in "index.html", "index.htm":
index = os.path.join(path, index)
if os.path.exists(index):
path = index
break
else:
return self.list_directory(path)
ctype = self.guess_type(path)
if path.endswith("/"):
self.send_error(HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND, "File not found")
return None
try:
f = open(path, 'rb')
except OSError:
self.send_error(HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND, "File not found")
return None
try:
fs = os.fstat(f.fileno())
# Use browser cache if possible
if ("If-Modified-Since" in self.headers
and "If-None-Match" not in self.headers):
# compare If-Modified-Since and time of last file modification
try:
ims = email.utils.parsedate_to_datetime(self.headers["If-Modified-Since"])
except (TypeError, IndexError, OverflowError, ValueError):
# ignore ill-formed values
pass
else:
if ims.tzinfo is None:
# obsolete format with no timezone, cf.
# https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-7.1.1.1
ims = ims.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
if ims.tzinfo is datetime.timezone.utc:
# compare to UTC datetime of last modification
last_modif = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
fs.st_mtime, datetime.timezone.utc)
# remove microseconds, like in If-Modified-Since
last_modif = last_modif.replace(microsecond=0)
if last_modif <= ims:
self.send_response(HTTPStatus.NOT_MODIFIED)
self.end_headers()
f.close()
return None
self.send_response(HTTPStatus.OK)
self.send_header("Content-type", ctype)
self.send_header("Content-Length", str(fs[6]))
self.send_header("Last-Modified",
self.date_time_string(fs.st_mtime))
self.end_headers()
return f
except:
f.close()
raise
def list_directory(self, path):
try:
list_dir = os.listdir(path)
except OSError:
self.send_error(HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND, "No permission to list_dir directory")
return None
list_dir.sort(key=lambda a: a.lower())
r = []
try:
display_path = urllib.parse.unquote(self.path, errors='surrogatepass')
except UnicodeDecodeError:
display_path = urllib.parse.unquote(path)
display_path = html.escape(display_path, quote=False)
enc = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
form = """
文件上传
\n
\n"""
title = 'Directory listing for %s' % display_path
r.append('')
r.append('\n')
r.append('' % enc)
r.append('%s \n' % title)
r.append('%s\n%s
' % (form, title))
r.append('
\n')
for name in list_dir:
fullname = os.path.join(path, name)
displayname = linkname = name
# Append / for directories or @ for symbolic links
if os.path.isdir(fullname):
displayname = name + "/"
linkname = name + "/"
if os.path.islink(fullname):
displayname = name + "@"
# Note: a link to a directory displays with @ and links with /
r.append('- %s
' % (urllib.parse.quote(linkname, errors='surrogatepass'),
html.escape(displayname, quote=False)))
r.append('
\n
\n\n\n')
encoded = '\n'.join(r).encode(enc, 'surrogate escape')
f = io.BytesIO()
f.write(encoded)
f.seek(0)
self.send_response(HTTPStatus.OK)
self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html; charset=%s" % enc)
self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(encoded)))
self.end_headers()
return f
def translate_path(self, path):
# abandon query parameters
path = path.split('?', 1)[0]
path = path.split('#', 1)[0]
# Don't forget explicit trailing slash when normalizing. Issue17324
trailing_slash = path.rstrip().endswith('/')
try:
path = urllib.parse.unquote(path, errors='surrogatepass')
except UnicodeDecodeError:
path = urllib.parse.unquote(path)
path = posixpath.normpath(path)
words = path.split('/')
words = filter(None, words)
path = self.directory
for word in words:
if os.path.dirname(word) or word in (os.curdir, os.pardir):
# Ignore components that are not a simple file/directory name
continue
path = os.path.join(path, word)
if trailing_slash:
path += '/'
return path
def copyfile(self, source, outputfile):
shutil.copyfileobj(source, outputfile)
def guess_type(self, path):
base, ext = posixpath.splitext(path)
if ext in self.extensions_map:
return self.extensions_map[ext]
ext = ext.lower()
if ext in self.extensions_map:
return self.extensions_map[ext]
guess, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(path)
if guess:
return guess
return 'application/octet-stream'
def do_POST(self):
r, info = self.deal_post_data()
self.log_message('%s, %s => %s' % (r, info, self.client_address))
enc = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
res = [
'',
'\n',
'' % enc,
'%s \n' % "Upload Result Page",
'%s
\n' % "Upload Result"
]
if r:
res.append('SUCCESS: %s
\n' % info)
else:
res.append('FAILURE: %s
' % info)
res.append('back' % self.headers['referer'])
res.append('')
encoded = '\n'.join(res).encode(enc, 'surrogate escape')
f = io.BytesIO()
f.write(encoded)
length = f.tell()
f.seek(0)
self.send_response(200)
self.send_header("Content-type", "text/html")
self.send_header("Content-Length", str(length))
self.end_headers()
if f:
self.copyfile(f, self.wfile)
f.close()
def deal_post_data(self):
content_type = self.headers['content-type']
if not content_type:
return False, "Content-Type header doesn't contain boundary"
boundary = content_type.split("=")[1].encode()
remain_bytes = int(self.headers['content-length'])
line = self.rfile.readline()
remain_bytes -= len(line)
if boundary not in line:
return False, "Content NOT begin with boundary"
line = self.rfile.readline()
remain_bytes -= len(line)
fn = re.findall(r'Content-Disposition.*name="file"; filename="(.*)"', line.decode())
if not fn:
return False, "Can't find out file name..."
path = self.translate_path(self.path)
fn = os.path.join(path, fn[0])
line = self.rfile.readline()
remain_bytes -= len(line)
line = self.rfile.readline()
remain_bytes -= len(line)
try:
out = open(fn, 'wb')
except IOError:
return False, "Can't create file to write, do you have permission to write?"
preline = self.rfile.readline()
remain_bytes -= len(preline)
while remain_bytes > 0:
line = self.rfile.readline()
remain_bytes -= len(line)
if boundary in line:
preline = preline[0:-1]
if preline.endswith(b'\r'):
preline = preline[0:-1]
out.write(preline)
out.close()
return True, "File '%s' upload success!" % fn
else:
out.write(preline)
preline = line
return False, "Unexpect Ends of data."
if __name__ == '__main__':
http.server.test(
HandlerClass=SimpleHTTPRequestHandler,
ServerClass=http.server.HTTPServer
)