Gentoo无线网卡安装之基础知识篇（一）

最近接触了一下Gentoo，在无线网卡方面遇到了问题，于是便广泛的查找资料，虽然到最后还是没有搞定，但是把过程中积累下来的东西和大家分享分享，有什么错误的地方，欢迎大家回帖指正

如果明白以下背景知识的，请直接移步

Gentoo安装b43无线驱动指南：

Gentoo无线网卡安装之b43无线驱动篇（二）

Gentoo安装broadcom-sta（wl）无线驱动指南：

Gentoo无线网卡安装之broadcom-sta（wl）篇（三）

首先介绍一点背景知识：

1.broadcom(博通)无线网卡，总有三种类型的驱动

驱动类型	描述
brcmsmac/brcmfmac	内核自带，源自broadcom的开源驱动
b43	内核自带，源自 broadcom linux 驱动的逆向工程
Broadcom-wl	broadcom发布的专用驱动

 

2.关于三种驱动相关信息的对比

Basic info	b43	STA (wl)	brcmsmac
Open source	yes	no	yes
In kernel	yes	no	yes
Supported buses	b43	wl	brcmsmac
ssb	yes	yes	no
bcma	yes	yes	yes
usb	no	no	no
Supported PHYs	b43	wl	brcmsmac
G	yes	yes	no
N	yes	yes	yes
LP	yes	yes	no
HT	yes	no	no
LCN	no	yes	yes
Supported modes	b43	wl	brcmsmac
Managed	yes	yes	yes
Ad-Hoc	yes	yes	unknown
Monitor	yes	yes	no
AP	yes	no	no

3.博通无线网卡对应的型号支持，alternative指除b43之外

PCI-ID	Supported?	Chip ID	Modes	PHY version	Alternative
14e4:0576	not tested	BCM43224	?	?	wl/brcm80211
14e4:4301	yes (b43legacy)	BCM4301	b	B
14e4:4306	yes (b43legacy)	BCM4306/2	b/g	G
14e4:4307	yes	BCM4306/3	b/g	G
14e4:4311	yes	BCM4311	b/g	G	wl
14e4:4312	yes	BCM4311	a/b/g	G (r8)	wl
14e4:4313	not tested	BCM4311	a	?	wl
	no (WIP)	BCM4313	b/g/n	LCN (r1)	wl/brcm80211
14e4:4315	yes (2.6.33+)	BCM4312	b/g	LP (r1)	wl
14e4:4318	yes	BCM4318	b/g	G (r7)
14e4:4319	yes	BCM4318	a/b/g	G
14e4:4320	yes (b43legacy)	BCM4306/2	b/g	G (r1)
	yes	BCM4306/3	?	G (r2)
14e4:4320 (USB)	no (USB device)	BCM4320	a/g	?	rndis_wlan
14e4:4321	partially in 2.6.39+	BCM4321	?	N (r2)
14e4:4322	no	BCM4322	b/g/n	N (r4)
14e4:4323 (USB)	no (USB device)	BCM4323	a/b/g/n	?	ndiswrapper
14e4:4324	yes (b43legacy)	BCM4309	a/b/g	G (r1)
	yes	BCM4309	a/b/g	G (r5)
14e4:4325	yes (b43legacy)	BCM4306/2	b/g	G (r1)
14e4:4328	partially in 2.6.39+	BCM4321	b/g/n	N (r2)	wl
14e4:4329	partially in 2.6.39+	BCM4321	b/g/n	N (r1)	wl
14e4:432a	not tested	BCM4321	a/n	N	wl
14e4:432b	partially in 2.6.39+	BCM4322	a/b/g/n	N (r4)	wl
14e4:432c	yes	BCM4322	b/g/n	N	wl
14e4:432d	not tested	BCM4322	a/n	N	wl
14e4:4331	yes (3.2-rc3+)	BCM4331	b/g	HT (r1)	wl
14e4:4350	yes	BCM43222	?	N (r6)
14e4:4353	yes (3.1+)	BCM43224	a/b/g/n	N (r6)	wl/brcm80211
14e4:4357	yes (3.1+)	BCM43225	b/g/n	N (r6)	wl/brcm80211
14e4:4358	no (WIP)	BCM43227	b/g/n	LCNXN (r0)	wl
14e4:4359	no	BCM43228	a/b/g/n	LCNXN (r0)	wl
14e4:435a	no	BCM43228	?	?	wl
14e4:4360	no	BCM4360	?	AC?
14e4:4365	no	BCM43142	?	LCN40 (r3)	wl
14e4:43a0	no	BCM4360	?	AC?
14e4:43a2	no	BCM4360	?	AC (r0)
14e4:43b1	no	BCM4352	?	AC?
14e4:4727	no (WIP)	BCM4313	b/g/n	LCN (r1)	wl/brcm80211
14e4:a8d6	not tested	BCM43222	?	N (6)
14e4:a8d8	yes (3.6+)	BCM43224	a/b/g/n	N (r6)	brcm80211
	yes (3.6+)	BCM43225	?	N (r6)	brcm80211
14e4:a99d	not tested	BCM43421?	?	?	wl

以上信息来源：en:users:drivers:b43 [Linux Wireless]

 

4.查看自己的网卡型号：

lspci –vnn |grep 14e4

 

例如得到系统输出：

0e:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4312802.11b/g [14e4:4315] (rev 01)

由此可知，网卡为broadcom（博通），型号为BCM4312

 

5.判断无线网卡驱动是否运作正常

输入iwconfig

如果显示

lo        no wireless extensions.

eth0      no wireless extensions.

sit0      no wireless extensions.

则表示无线网卡的驱动没有成功驱动

如果显示

lo        nowireless extensions.
eth0      no wireless extensions.
wlan0      IEEE802.11  Nickname:""
          Access Point:Not-Associated
          LinkQuality:2  Signal level:183  Noise level:162
          Rx invalidnwid:0  invalid crypt:0  invalid misc:0
则表示无线网卡的驱动正常工作

6.三种驱动的使用方式：

1.针对 b43 选择 Device Drivers --->Network device support ---> Wireless LAN ---> Broadcom 43xx wirelesssupport (mac80211 stack), 还需要安装sys-firmware/b43-firmware

2.针对 brcmsmac 选择 Device Drivers --->Network device support ---> Wireless LAN ---> Broadcom IEEE802.11n PCIeSoftMAC WLAN driver，还需要安装sys-kernel/linux-firmware。

3.对于 wl，需要安装 net-wireless/broadcom-sta