实验一 LINUX配置和移植实验

一、 实验目的

  学会嵌入式LINUX裁剪、移植，根据目标系统要求配置LINUX

二、实验内容

本次实验使用Redhat linux 9.0 操作系统环境安装arm linux 的开发库及编译器。学习LINUX内核的配置和编译，以及ARM 开发板的使用和开发环境的设置。下载已经编译好的内核文件到嵌入式控制器中。

三、预备知识

C 语言的基础知识、程序调试的基础知识和方法，LINUX 的基本操作。

四、实验设备及工具（包括软件调试工具）

硬件：SZ7207G ARM 嵌入式开发板、PC 机Pentumn500 以上, 硬盘10G 以上。

软件：PC 机操作系统redhat linux 9.0 ＋ linux 开发环境

五、实验步骤

1．开发环境的建立

在我们的资料光盘（ARM7编译环境）中有五个文件将是这里建立交叉编译环境所需要的，它们必须被安装到 /home目录下。它们是：

HLDK_Root.tar.gz ；HLDK_x86.tar.gz ；HLDK _App.tar.gz ；HLDK_Kernel_7202_2.4.18-rmk3.tar.gz ；arm-linux-toolchains.tar.gz 。

还有三个编译好的二进制代码文件是运行嵌入式Linux 所必需的， 它们是：

LDBoot.bin（启动代码） ；vmlinux.bin（内核代码） ；rootfs.img.gz（根文件）

因此将上述文件复制到/home目录下。

首先以ROOT用户登陆主机LINUX，进入linux操作系统，点鼠标右键，新建终端，进入[root@localhost root]#。

[root@localhost root]#mount /dev/cdrom   //挂接光盘

[root@localhost envi ]#cd /mnt/cdrom/ linux/ envi /  //进入光盘目录

 [root@localhost linuxenv ]# cp LDBoot.bin /home

[root@localhost linuxenv ]# cp vmlinux.bin /home

[root@localhost linuxenv ]# cp rootfs.img.gz /home

 [root@localhost linuxenv ]#tar xvfz arm-linux-toolchains.tgz –C /

[root@localhost linuxenv ]#tar xvfz HLDK_Root.tar.gz /home

[root@localhost linuxenv ]# tar xvfz HLDK_x86.tar.gz /home

[root@localhost linuxenv ]# tar xvfz HLDK_App.tar.gz /home

[root@localhost linuxenv ]# tar xvfz HLDK_Kernel _7202_2.4.18-rmk3.tar.gz /home

2．进入LINUX开发环境

[root@localhost linuxenv ]#chroot /home/HLDK /x86/sbin/login

localhost login: hms720

passwd: linux1

输入正确的密码后会出现下面的提示：

Welcome to HMS720 ARM7 Linux Development Kit

Hynix Semiconductor Inc.

hms720[1]#

这时， 当前路径已经被改到/home/hms720 了

表示已进入开发系统

3．进入目录/home/hms720/LinuxHEI720/linux

    在hms720#下输入：

hms720[1]# cd /home/hms720/LinuxHEI720/linux

4．配置LINUX内核

在hms720[1]#下输入： hms720[0]# make menuconfig

    系统将运行LINUX内核配置脚本，并出现内核配置菜单，各配置选项如下：

说明：

代码成熟度选项

Code maturity level options --->

[*] Prompt for deveLopment and/or incompLete code/drivers

[*] Prompt for obsolete code/drivers

可装载模块选项

Loadable module support --->

[*] EnaLbLe LoadabLe moduLe Support

[ ] Set verSion information on aLL SymboLS for moduLeS

[*] KerneL moduLe Loader

系统类型

System Type --->

(H7202) ARM system type

Archimedes/A5000 Implementations --->

Footbridge Implementations --->

SA11x0 Implementations --->

CLPS711X/EP721X Implementations --->

--- Processor Type

[ ] Support Thumb instructions (experimental)

[ ] Matrix Keyboard Support

[ ] ANGEL Support

[ ] Discontiguous memory(16MBx2)

普通配置

General setup --->

[ ] Support hot-pluggable devices

[*] Networking Support

[*] SyStem V IPC

[ ] BSD ProceSS Accounting

[*] SysctL Support

--- At least one math emulation must be selected

<*> NWFPE math emulation

< > FastFPE math emulation (experimental)

(ELF) Kernel core (/proc/kcore) format

< > Kernel support for a.out binaries

<*> Kernel support for ELF binaries

< > Kernel support for MISC binaries

[ ] Power Management support (experimental)

< > RISC OS personality

[*] Kernel-mode alignment trap handler

内存设备

Memory Technology Devices (MTD) --->

<*> Memory Technology Device (MTD) support

[*] Debugging   //空格键选择

(0) Debugging verbosity (0 = quiet， 3 = noisy)

<*> MTD partitioning support

< > MTD concatenating support

<*> ArMon partition table parsing

< > RedBoot partition table parsing

< > Compaq bootldr partition table parsing

< > ARM Firmware Suite partition parsing

--- User Modules And Translation Layers

<*> Direct char device access to MTD devices

<*> Caching block device access to MTD devices

< > FTL (Flash Translation Layer) support

< > NFTL (NAND Flash Translation Layer) support

RAM/ROM/FLASH 芯片选项

RAM/ROM/Flash chip drivers --->

<*> Detect flash chips by Common Flash Interface (CFI) probe

< > Detect JEDEC JESD21c compatible flash chips

[*] Flash chip driver advanced configuration options

(NO) Flash cmd/query data swapping

[ ] Specific CFI Flash geometry selection

<*> Support for Intel/Sharp flash chips

< > Support for AMD/Fujitsu flash chips

< > Support for RAM chips in bus mapping

< > Support for ROM chips in bus mapping

< > Support for absent chips in bus mapping

[ ] Older (theoretically obsoleted now) drivers for non-CFI chips

Mapping drivers for chip access --->

< > CFI Flash device in physical memory map

< > CFI Flash device mapped on Nora

<*> CFI Flash device mapped on H7202

< > CFI Flash device mapped on ARM Integrator/P720T

< > CFI Flash device mapped on the XScale IQ80310 board

< > CFI Flash device mapped on the FortuNet board

Self-contained MTD device drivers --->

NAND Flash Device Drivers --->

< >Plug and play support--->

Block devices --->

< > Normal PC floppy disk support

< > XT hard disk support

(NULL) SMC/MMC Card support

< > Loopback device support

< > Network block device support

<*> RAM disk support

(32768) Default RAM disk size

[*] Initial RAM disk (initrd) support

Multi-device support (RAID and LVM) --->

Networking options --->

< > Packet Socket

< > Netlink device emulation

[ ] Network packet filtering (replaces ipchains)

[ ] Socket FiLtering

<*> Unix domain SocketS

[*] TCP/IP networking

[*] IP: muLticaSting

[ ] IP: advanced router

   [ ] IP: kerneL LeveL autoconfiguration

< > IP: tunneLing

< > IP: GRE tunneLS over IP

[ ] IP: multicast routing

[ ] IP: ARP daemon Support (EXPERIMENTAL)

[ ] IP: TCP Explicit Congestion Notification support

[ ] IP: TCP syncookie support (disabled per default)

< > The IPv6 protocol (EXPERIMENTAL)

< > Kernel httpd acceleration (EXPERIMENTAL)

[ ] Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) (EXPERIMENTAL)

< > 802.1Q VLAN Support (EXPERIMENTAL)

---

< > The IPX protocol

< > Appletalk protocol support

< > DECnet Support

< > 802.1d Ethernet Bridging

< > CCITT X.25 Packer Layer (EXPERIMENTAL)

< > LAPB Data Link Driver (EXPERIMENTAL)

[ ] 802.2 LLC (EXPERIMENTAL)

[ ] Frame Diverter (EXPERIMENTAL)

< > Acorn Econet/AUN protocols (EXPERIMENTAL)

< > WAN router

[ ] Fast Switching (read help!)

[ ] Forwarding between high Speed interfaceS

QoS and/or fair sueing --->

Network device support --->

[*] Network device support?

ARCnet devices --->

< > Dummy net driver support

< > Bonding driver support

< > EQL (serial line load balancing) support

< > Universal TUN/TAP device driver support

< > Ethertap network tap (OBSOLETE)

Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) --->

[*] Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)

[ ] 3COM cards

< > AMD LANCE and PCnet (AT1500 and NE2100) support

[ ] Western Digital/SMC cards

[ ] Racal-Interlan (Micom) NI cards

< > AT1700/1720 support (EXPERIMENTAL)

< > DEPCA， DE10x， DE200， DE201， DE202， DE422 support

< > HP 10/100VG PCLAN (ISA， EISA， PCI) support

 [ ] Other ISA cards

[*] EISA， VLB， PCI and on board controllers

< > Ansel Communications EISA 3200 support (EXPERIMENTAL)

< > Apricot Xen-II on board Ethernet

<*> CS89x0 support

[ ] Zenith Z-Note support (EXPERIMENTAL)

[ ] Pocket and portable adapters

Amateur Radio support  ---> 

 IrDA (infrared) support  --->   

 ATA/IDE/MFM/RLL support  --->  

 SCSI support  ---> 

 I2O device support  --->  

ISDN subsystem  --->   

 Input core support  ---> 

Character devices --->

[*] VirtuaL terminaL

[*] Support for conSoLe on virtuaL terminaL

< > Standard/generic (8250/16550 and compatible UARTs) serial support

[ ] Non-standard serial port support

Serial drivers --->

[*] H7202 serial port support

[*] Console on H7202 serial port

< > 8250/16550 and compatible serial support (EXPERIMENTAL)

<*> H7202 touchscreen support

[*] Unix98 PTY Support

(256) Maximum number of Unix98 PTYS in uSe (0-2048)

I2C support --->

L3 serial bus support --->

Mice --->

Joysticks --->

< > QIC-02 tape Support

Watchdog Cards --->

< > /dev/nvram support

< > Enhanced Real Time Clock Support

< > Double Talk PC internal speech card support

< > Siemens R3964 line discipline

< > Applicom intelligent fieldbus card support

Ftape， the floppy tape device driver --->

< > /dev/agpgart (AGP Support)

[ ] Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 DRI support)

Multimedia devices  --->

File systems --->

[ ] Quota Support

< > KerneL automounter Support

< > KerneL automounter version 4 support (also supports v3)

< > Reiserfs support

< > ADFS filesystem support (read only) (EXPERIMENTAL)

< > Amiga FFS fiLeSyStem Support

< > AppLe MacintoSh fiLeSyStem Support (EXPERIMENTAL)

< > BFS file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)

< > Ext3 journalling file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)

< > DOS FAT fS Support

< > EFS file system support (read only) (EXPERIMENTAL)

< > Journalling Flash File System (JFFS) support

<*> Journalling Flash File System v2 (JFFS2) support

(1) JFFS2 debugging verbosity (0 = quiet， 2 = noisy)

< > Compressed ROM file system support

[ ] Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)

< > Simple RAM-based file system support

< > ISO9660 cdrom fiLeSyStem Support

< > Minix fS Support

< > FreeVxFS file system support(VERITAS VxFS(TM) compatible)

< > NTFS fiLeSyStem Support (read onLy)

< > OS/2 HPFS file system support

[*] /proc fiLeSyStem Support

[ ] /dev file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)

[*] /dev/pts fiLeSyStem for Unix98 PTYS

< > QNX4 fiLeSyStem Support (read only) (EXPERIMENTAL)

< > ROM fiLeSyStem Support

<*> Second extended fS Support

< > SyStem V and Coherent fiLeSyStem Support

< > UDF file system support (read only)

< > UFS fiLeSyStem Support (read only)

Network FiLe SyStemS --->

< > Coda file system support (advanced network fs)

< > InterMezzo file system support (experimental， replicating fs)

<*> NFS file system support

[*] Provide NFSv3 client support

< > NFS server support

< > SMB file system support (to mount Windows shares etc.)

< > NCP file system support (to mount NetWare volumes)

Partition TypeS --->

[*] Advanced partition selection                               

[ ]   Acorn partition support                                  

[ ]   Alpha OSF partition support                              

[ ]   Amiga partition table support                            

[ ]   Atari partition table support                            

[ ]   Macintosh partition map support                          

[ ]   PC BIOS (MSDOS partition tables) support                 

[ ]   Windows Logical Disk Manager (Dynamic Disk) support      

[ ]   SGI partition support                                    

[ ]   Ultrix partition table support                          

[ ]   Sun partition tables support

Console drivers --->

[ ] VGA text console

Frame-buffer support --->

[*] Support for frame buffer devices (EXPERIMENTAL)

[*] H7202 LCD support

(TFT) LCD support

< > Virtual Frame Buffer support (ONLY FOR TESTING!)

[*] Advanced low level driver options/

< > Monochrome support

< > 2 bpp packed pixels support

< > 4 bpp packed pixels support

< > 8 bpp packed pixels support

<*> 16 bpp packed pixels support

< > 24 bpp packed pixels support

< > 32 bpp packed pixels support

< >     Amiga bitplanes support                               

< >     Amiga interleaved bitplanes support                   

< >     Atari interleaved bitplanes (2 planes) support       

< >     Atari interleaved bitplanes (4 planes) support        

< >     Atari interleaved bitplanes (8 planes) support       

< >     Mac variable bpp packed pixels support                

< >     VGA 16-color planar support                           

< >     VGA characters/attributes support                   

< >     HGA monochrome support (EXPERIMENTAL)                 

[ ]   Support only 8 pixels wide fonts

[ ]   Select compiled-in fonts        

Sound --->

<*> Sound card Support

< > BT878 audio dma

< > Crystal SoundFusion (CS4280/461x)

< > Crystal Sound CS4281

< > ESS Technology Solo1

< > ESS Maestro， Maestro2， Maestro2E driver

< > S3 SonicVibes

< > Trident 4DWave DX/NX， SiS 7018 or ALi 5451 PCI Audio Core

< > Support for Turtle Beach MultiSound Classic， Tahiti， Monterey

< > Support for Turtle Beach MultiSound Pinnacle， Fiji

<*> H7201/H7202 Audio Support

< > H7202 I2S Audio Support

< > OSS sound modules

Multimedia Capabilities Port drivers  --->            

USB support  --->                                       

Bluetooth support  --->

Kernel hacking --->

[ ] Compile kernel without frame pointer

[*] Verbose user fault messages

[ ] Include debugging information in kernel binary

[ ] Kernel debugging

4．按以上要求配置好各选项，保存并退出配置菜单

5．编译内核

   在hms720下依次输入：

hms720[0]# make dep

hms720[0]# make

系统将自动用arm-linux-gcc交叉编译器编译LINUX内核，如果上面的操作没有什么错误， 那么你可以在~/LinuxHMS720/linux/ 下看到

vmlinux.bin

5．下载内核至目标板并观察其运行结果

六、实验思考

    在系统不同时，各选项应如何配置？1、怎样改变RAMDISK的大小，RAMDISK对系统资源的影响。2、怎样  修改显示器色彩位数。3、怎样使系统支持LAN。