iOS多线程-自定义NSOperation(Cell下载图片缓存)

复习下线程的基础知识, 这里主要是参考文顶顶多线程篇复习写的。

一、cell下载图片思路 – 无沙盒(内存)缓存

主要解决下列问题
1、下载操作放在子线程不会卡UI。
2、使用operations字典解决重复下载问题,每个cell对应一个Operation
3、从字典中移除下载操作 (防止operations越来越大,保证下载失败后,能重新下载)
4、存放图片到images字典中,tableView要刷新对应行数的cell,防止正在下载时拖动tableView将当前的Cell放进缓存池,然后又将这个cell放在新的行数,导致下载完成显示对应的图片的位置不对。
5、使用占位图可以防止未下载的cell重用到其他行已经下载的的图片。
6、拖拽tableView时暂停下载操作,让tableView流程滑动。
7、接收到内存警告时移除下载操作和图片字典,待内存小时重新下载。

APPModel文件

#import 

@interface SSAPPModel : NSObject

@property(nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property(nonatomic, copy) NSString *icon;
@property(nonatomic, copy) NSString *download;

+ (instancetype)appModelWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;
- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict;

@end
@implementation SSAPPModel

- (instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict {
    if (self = [super init]) {//KVC
        [self setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
    }
    return self;
}

+ (instancetype)appModelWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict {
    return [[self alloc] initWithDict:dict];
}
@end
#import "SSViewController.h"
#import "SSAPPModel.h"

@interface SSViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) UITableView *tableView;

///数据模型
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *apps;

///存放所有下载操作的队列
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSOperationQueue *queue;

///存放所有的下载操作(url是key,operation对象是value)
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableDictionary *operations;

///存放所有下载完的图片
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableDictionary *images;

@end

@implementation SSViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    [self configData];
    [self configSubViews];
}

//初始化数据
- (void)configData {
    // 1.加载plist
    NSString *file = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"apps" ofType:@"plist"];
    NSArray *dictArray = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:file];
    
    // 2.字典 --> 模型
    NSMutableArray *appArray = [NSMutableArray array];
    for (NSDictionary *dict in dictArray) {
        SSAPPModel *app = [SSAPPModel appModelWithDict:dict];
        [appArray addObject:app];
    }
    _apps = appArray;
    
    _queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
    _operations = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    _images = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
}

//初始化View
- (void)configSubViews {
    _tableView = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds style:UITableViewStylePlain];
    _tableView.dataSource = self;
    [self.view addSubview:_tableView];
}


#pragma mark - UITableViewDataSource

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    static NSString *identifier = @"cellIdentifier";
    UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:identifier];
    if (!cell) {
        cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleSubtitle reuseIdentifier:identifier];
    }
    
    // 取出模型
    SSAPPModel *app = self.apps[indexPath.row];
    
    // 设置基本信息
    cell.textLabel.text = app.name;
    cell.detailTextLabel.text = app.download;
    
    // 先从images缓存中取出图片url对应的UIImage
    UIImage *image = self.images[app.icon];
    if (image) { // 说明图片已经下载成功过(成功缓存)
        cell.imageView.image = image;
    } else { // 说明图片并未下载成功过(并未缓存过)
        // 显示占位图片
        cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"placeholder"];
        
        // 下载图片
        [self download:app.icon indexPath:indexPath];
    }
    return cell;
}

- (void)download:(NSString *)imageUrl indexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    // 取出当前图片url对应的下载操作(operation对象)
    NSBlockOperation *operation = self.operations[imageUrl];
    if (operation) {// 已经有了operation 不需要创建
        NSLog(@"已经有了operation, return");
        return;
    }
    
    // 创建操作,下载图片
    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
    operation = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
        //   [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1.0];//模拟下载慢操作
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:imageUrl];
        NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url]; // 下载
        UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data]; // NSData -> UIImage
        
        // 回到主线程
        [[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
            // 存放图片到字典中
            if (image) {
                weakSelf.images[imageUrl] = image;
            }
            
            // 从字典中移除下载操作 (防止operations越来越大,保证下载失败后,能重新下载)
            [weakSelf.operations removeObjectForKey:imageUrl];
            
            // 刷新表格
            [weakSelf.tableView reloadRowsAtIndexPaths:@[indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationNone];
        }];
    }];
    NSLog(@"imageUrl == %@", imageUrl);
    // 添加操作到队列中
    [self.queue addOperation:operation];
    
    // 添加到字典中 (这句代码为了解决重复下载)
    self.operations[imageUrl] = operation;
}

- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    return self.apps.count;
}


#pragma mark - 拖动暂停恢复下载

- (void)scrollViewWillBeginDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
    // 暂停下载
    [self.queue setSuspended:YES];
}

//当用户停止拖拽表格时调用
- (void)scrollViewDidEndDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView willDecelerate:(BOOL)decelerate {
    // 恢复下载
    [self.queue setSuspended:NO];
}


#pragma mark - 内存警告

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // 移除所有的下载操作缓存
    [self.queue cancelAllOperations];
    [self.operations removeAllObjects];
    // 移除所有的图片缓存
    [self.images removeAllObjects];
}

@end

二、cell下载图片思路 – 有沙盒缓存

应用了沙盒缓存,解决每次打开app都会下载问题。

代码示例

#import "SSViewController.h"
#import "SSAPPModel.h"

@interface SSViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) UITableView *tableView;

///数据模型
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *apps;

///存放所有下载操作的队列
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSOperationQueue *queue;

///存放所有的下载操作(url是key,operation对象是value)
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableDictionary *operations;

///存放所有下载完的图片
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableDictionary *images;

@end

@implementation SSViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    [self configData];
    [self configSubViews];
}

//初始化数据
- (void)configData {
    // 1.加载plist
    NSString *file = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"apps" ofType:@"plist"];
    NSArray *dictArray = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:file];
    
    // 2.字典 --> 模型
    NSMutableArray *appArray = [NSMutableArray array];
    for (NSDictionary *dict in dictArray) {
        SSAPPModel *app = [SSAPPModel appModelWithDict:dict];
        [appArray addObject:app];
    }
    _apps = appArray;
    
    _queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
    _operations = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    _images = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
}

//初始化View
- (void)configSubViews {
    _tableView = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds style:UITableViewStylePlain];
    _tableView.dataSource = self;
    [self.view addSubview:_tableView];
}


#pragma mark - UITableViewDataSource

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    static NSString *identifier = @"cellIdentifier";
    UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:identifier];
    if (!cell) {
        cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleSubtitle reuseIdentifier:identifier];
    }
    
    // 取出模型
    SSAPPModel *app = self.apps[indexPath.row];
    
    // 设置基本信息
    cell.textLabel.text = app.name;
    cell.detailTextLabel.text = app.download;
    
    // 先从images缓存中取出图片url对应的UIImage
    UIImage *image = self.images[app.icon];
    if (image) { // 说明图片已经下载成功过(成功缓存)
        cell.imageView.image = image;
    } else { // 说明图片并未下载成功过(并未缓存过)
        NSString *file = [self filePathWithImageUrl:app.icon];
        // 先从沙盒中取出图片
        NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:file];
        if (data) { // 沙盒中存在这个文件
            cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
        } else {// 沙盒中不存在这个文件
            // 显示占位图片
            cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"placeholder"];
            
            // 下载图片
            [self download:app.icon indexPath:indexPath];
        }
    }
    return cell;
}

- (void)download:(NSString *)imageUrl indexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    // 取出当前图片url对应的下载操作(operation对象)
    NSBlockOperation *operation = self.operations[imageUrl];
    if (operation) {// 已经有了operation 不需要创建
        NSLog(@"已经有了operation, return");
        return;
    }
    
    // 创建操作,下载图片
    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
    operation = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
        [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:3.0];//模拟下载慢操作
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:imageUrl];
        NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url]; // 下载
        UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data]; // NSData -> UIImage
        
        // 回到主线程
        [[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
            // 存放图片到字典中
            if (image) {
                weakSelf.images[imageUrl] = image;
            }
            
            //将图片存入沙盒中
            // UIImage --> NSData --> File(文件)
            NSData *data = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image);
            NSString *file = [self filePathWithImageUrl:imageUrl];
            [data writeToFile:file atomically:YES];
            
            // 从字典中移除下载操作 (防止operations越来越大,保证下载失败后,能重新下载)
            [weakSelf.operations removeObjectForKey:imageUrl];
            
            // 刷新表格
            [weakSelf.tableView reloadRowsAtIndexPaths:@[indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationNone];
        }];
    }];
    NSLog(@"imageUrl == %@", imageUrl);
    // 添加操作到队列中
    [self.queue addOperation:operation];
    
    // 添加到字典中 (这句代码为了解决重复下载)
    self.operations[imageUrl] = operation;
}

- (NSInteger)tableView:(nonnull UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    return self.apps.count;
}


#pragma mark - 拖动暂停恢复下载

- (void)scrollViewWillBeginDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
    // 暂停下载
    [self.queue setSuspended:YES];
}

//当用户停止拖拽表格时调用
- (void)scrollViewDidEndDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView willDecelerate:(BOOL)decelerate {
    // 恢复下载
    [self.queue setSuspended:NO];
}


#pragma mark - 内存警告

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // 移除所有的下载操作缓存
    [self.queue cancelAllOperations];
    [self.operations removeAllObjects];
    // 移除所有的图片缓存
    [self.images removeAllObjects];
}


#pragma mark - 沙盒图片路径

- (NSString *)filePathWithImageUrl:(NSString *)imageUrl {
    NSString *cacheDir = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
    NSString *path = [cacheDir stringByAppendingPathComponent:[imageUrl lastPathComponent]];
    return path;
}


@end

沙盒中图片

三、自定义NSOperation

自定义NSOperation的步骤

  • 重写- (void)main方法,在里面实现想执行的任务
  • 重写- (void)main方法的注意点
  • 自己创建自动释放池(因为如果是异步操作,无法访问主线程的自动释放池)
  • 经常通过- (BOOL)isCancelled方法检测操作是否被取消,对取消做出响应

代码示例

#import 

@class SSDownloadOperation;

@protocol SSDownloadOperationDelegate 

@optional
- (void)downloadOperation:(SSDownloadOperation *)operation didFinishDownload:(UIImage *)image;
@end

@interface SSDownloadOperation : NSOperation
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *imageUrl;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSIndexPath *indexPath;
@property (nonatomic, weak) id delegate;

@end
#import "SSDownloadOperation.h"

@implementation SSDownloadOperation

- (void)main {
    @autoreleasepool {
        if (self.isCancelled) {
            return;
        }
        
        NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:self.imageUrl];
        NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url]; // 下载
        UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data]; // NSData -> UIImage
        
        if (self.isCancelled) return;
        
        // 回到主线程
        [[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
            if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(downloadOperation:didFinishDownload:)]) {
                [self.delegate downloadOperation:self didFinishDownload:image];
            }
        }];
    }
}
@end

#import "SSViewController.h"
#import "SSAPPModel.h"
#import "SSDownloadOperation.h"

@interface SSViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) UITableView *tableView;

///数据模型
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *apps;

///存放所有下载操作的队列
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSOperationQueue *queue;

///存放所有的下载操作(url是key,operation对象是value)
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableDictionary *operations;

///存放所有下载完的图片
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableDictionary *images;

@end

@implementation SSViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    [self configData];
    [self configSubViews];
}

//初始化数据
- (void)configData {
    // 1.加载plist
    NSString *file = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"apps" ofType:@"plist"];
    NSArray *dictArray = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:file];
    
    // 2.字典 --> 模型
    NSMutableArray *appArray = [NSMutableArray array];
    for (NSDictionary *dict in dictArray) {
        SSAPPModel *app = [SSAPPModel appModelWithDict:dict];
        [appArray addObject:app];
    }
    _apps = appArray;
    
    _queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
    _operations = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    _images = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
}

//初始化View
- (void)configSubViews {
    _tableView = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds style:UITableViewStylePlain];
    _tableView.dataSource = self;
    [self.view addSubview:_tableView];
}


#pragma mark - UITableViewDataSource

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    static NSString *identifier = @"cellIdentifier";
    UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:identifier];
    if (!cell) {
        cell = [[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleSubtitle reuseIdentifier:identifier];
    }
    
    // 取出模型
    SSAPPModel *app = self.apps[indexPath.row];
    
    // 设置基本信息
    cell.textLabel.text = app.name;
    cell.detailTextLabel.text = app.download;
    
    // 先从images缓存中取出图片url对应的UIImage
    UIImage *image = self.images[app.icon];
    if (image) { // 说明图片已经下载成功过(成功缓存)
        cell.imageView.image = image;
    } else { // 说明图片并未下载成功过(并未缓存过)
        NSString *file = [self filePathWithImageUrl:app.icon];
        // 先从沙盒中取出图片
        NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:file];
        if (data) { // 沙盒中存在这个文件
            cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
        } else {// 沙盒中不存在这个文件
            // 显示占位图片
            cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"placeholder"];
            
            // 下载图片
            [self download:app.icon indexPath:indexPath];
        }
    }
    return cell;
}

- (void)download:(NSString *)imageUrl indexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    // 取出当前图片url对应的下载操作(operation对象)
    SSDownloadOperation *operation = self.operations[imageUrl];
    if (operation) {// 已经有了operation 不需要创建
        NSLog(@"已经有了operation, return");
        return;
    }
    
    // 创建操作,下载图片
    operation = [[SSDownloadOperation alloc] init];
    operation.imageUrl = imageUrl;
    operation.indexPath = indexPath;
    
    // 设置代理
    operation.delegate = self;
    
    // 添加操作到队列中
    [self.queue addOperation:operation];
    
    // 添加到字典中 (这句代码为了解决重复下载)
    self.operations[imageUrl] = operation;
}

- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    return self.apps.count;
}


#pragma mark - SSDownloadOperationDelegate下载操作的代理方法

- (void)downloadOperation:(SSDownloadOperation *)operation didFinishDownload:(UIImage *)image {
    // 存放图片到字典中
    if (image) {
        self.images[operation.imageUrl] = image;
        //将图片存入沙盒中
        NSData *data = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image);
        [data writeToFile:[self filePathWithImageUrl:operation.imageUrl] atomically:YES];
    }
    
    // 从字典中移除下载操作 (防止operations越来越大,保证下载失败后,能重新下载)
    [self.operations removeObjectForKey:operation.imageUrl];
    
    // 刷新表格
    [self.tableView reloadRowsAtIndexPaths:@[operation.indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationNone];
}


#pragma mark - 拖动暂停恢复下载

- (void)scrollViewWillBeginDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
    // 暂停下载
    [self.queue setSuspended:YES];
}

//当用户停止拖拽表格时调用
- (void)scrollViewDidEndDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView willDecelerate:(BOOL)decelerate {
    // 恢复下载
    [self.queue setSuspended:NO];
}


#pragma mark - 内存警告

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // 移除所有的下载操作缓存
    [self.queue cancelAllOperations];
    [self.operations removeAllObjects];
    // 移除所有的图片缓存
    [self.images removeAllObjects];
}


#pragma mark - 沙盒图片路径

- (NSString *)filePathWithImageUrl:(NSString *)imageUrl {
    NSString *cacheDir = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
    NSString *path = [cacheDir stringByAppendingPathComponent:[imageUrl lastPathComponent]];
    return path;
}

@end

附件

效果图
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