pxe linux7,PXE+Kickstart 实现自动安装系统

部署准备

服务器

操作系统：rhel7.7

软件准备： rhel-server-7.5-x86_64-dvd.iso、rhel-server-7.7-x86_64-dvd.iso

客户机

硬件配置：至少2G以上内存

基础环境准备

关闭selinux

sed -i “s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g” /etc/selinux/config

setenforce 0

关闭防火墙

yum remove -y firewalld

配置网络

nmcli con add type ethernet ifname eno1 con-name eno1 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addr 192.168.100.0/24

安装yum软件环境

准备镜像源

已将rhel-server-7.5-x86_64-dvd.iso和rhel-server-7.7-x86_64-dvd.iso传入服务器

mkdir -p /mnt/rhel77

mkdir -p /mnt/rhel75

mount -t loop rhel-server-7.7-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt/rhel77

mount -t loop rhel-server-7.5-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt/rhel75

配置yum源

cat << EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel77.repo

redhat-Base.repo

[base]

name=Redhat-$releasever

failovermethod=priority

baseurl=file:///mnt/rhel77/

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

EOF

安装httpd服务

yum clean all

yum repolist

yum install -y wget httpd rsync createrepo

http源配置

mkdir -p /var/www/html/yum/rhel77

mkdir -p /var/www/html/yum/rhel75

rsync -aS /mnt/rhel77/ /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/

rsync -aS /mnt/rhel75/ /var/www/html/yum/rhel75/

createrepo -g /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/6d132b085489dcfe4a0ee2b4c38d9578c38ab83cebe4df87e3a409b48e8fee57-comps-Server.x86_64.xml /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/

createrepo -g /var/www/html/yum/rhel75/2a2dc8f8a66f9c4d8b7a8ac2ec308594b97c344ec0810266cdf0795d9f77e965-comps-Server.x86_64.xml /var/www/html/yum/rhel75/

配置repo文件

mkdir -p /var/www/html/repo

cat << EOF > /var/www/html/repo/rhel77.repo

redhat-Base.repo

[base]

name=Redhat-$releasever

failovermethod=priority

baseurl=http://192.168.100.1/yum/rhel77/

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

EOF

cat << EOF > /var/www/html/repo/rhel75.repo

redhat-Base.repo

[base]

name=Redhat-$releasever

failovermethod=priority

baseurl=http://192.168.100.1/yum/rhel75/

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

EOF

cp -pf /var/www/html/repo/rhel77.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel77.repo

yum clean all

yum repolist

安装PXE网络环境

安装软件包

yum install -y tftp-server dhcp xinetd

配置xinetd

修改/etc/xinet.d/tftp，将 disabled 参数从 yes 改为 no

配置dhcp

修改/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

option space pxelinux;

option pxelinux.magic code 208 = string;

option pxelinux.configfile code 209 = text;

option pxelinux.pathprefix code 210 = text;

option pxelinux.reboottime code 211 = unsigned integer 32;

option architecture-type code 93 = unsigned integer 16;

subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers 192.168.100.1;

range 192.168.100.2 192.168.100.250;

class “pxeclients” {

match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = “PXEClient”;

next-server 192.168.100.1;

if option architecture-type = 00:07 {

filename “uefi/shim.efi”;

} else {

filename “pxelinux/pxelinux.0”;

}

}

}

配置tftp

为使用BIOS的系统配置

提取配置文件

mkdir -p /root/kickstart/

cp -pr /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/Packages/syslinux-4.05-15.el7.x86_64.rpm /root/kickstart/

cd /root/kickstart/

rpm2cpio syslinux-4.05-15.el7.x86_64.rpm | cpio -dimv

mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux

cp /root/kickstart/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux/

cp /root/kickstart/usr/share/syslinux/vesamenu.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux/

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux/pxelinux.cfg

提取内核文件

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/images/

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel77

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel75

cp /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel77/

cp /var/www/html/yum/rhel75/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel75/

配置文件：/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux/pxelinux.cfg/default

default vesamenu.c32

prompt 1

timeout 600

label rhel77

menu label ^Install system

menu default

kernel images/rhel77/vmlinuz

append initrd=images/rhel77/initrd.img ip=dhcp inst.repo=http://192.168.100.1/yum/rhel77/ inst.ks=http://192.168.100.1/ksstart/ks77.cfg

label rhel75

menu label ^Install system

menu default

kernel images/rhel75/vmlinuz

append initrd=images/rhel75/initrd.img ip=dhcp inst.repo=http://192.168.100.1/yum/rhel75/ inst.ks=http://192.168.100.1/ksstart/ks75.cfg

为使用UEFT的系统配置

提取配置文件

cp -pr /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/Packages/shim-x64-15-2.el7.x86_64.rpm /root/kickstart/

cp -pr /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/Packages/grub2-efi-x64-2.02-0.80.el7.x86_64.rpm /root/kickstart/

cd /root/kickstart/

rpm2cpio shim-x64-15-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | cpio -dimv

rpm2cpio grub2-efi-x64-2.02-0.80.el7.x86_64.rpm | cpio -dimv

mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/uefi

cp /root/kickstart/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/shim.efi /var/lib/tftpboot/uefi/

cp /root/kickstart/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grubx64.efi /var/lib/tftpboot/uefi/

提取内核文件

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/images/

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel77

mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel75

cp /var/www/html/yum/rhel77/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel77/

cp /var/www/html/yum/rhel75/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel75/

配置文件 /var/lib/tftpboot/uefi/grub.cfg

set timeout=60

menuentry ‘RHEL 7.7’ {

linuxefi images/rhel77/vmlinuz ip=dhcp inst.repo=http://192.168.100.1/yum/rhel77/ inst.ks=http://192.168.100.1/ksstart/ks77efi.cfg

initrdefi images/rhel77/initrd.img

}

menuentry ‘RHEL 7.5’ {

linuxefi images/rhel75/vmlinuz ip=dhcp inst.repo=http://192.168.100.1/yum/rhel75/ inst.ks=http://192.168.100.1/ksstart/ks75efi.cfg

initrdefi images/rhel75/initrd.img

}

kickstart配置

创建配置文件

mkdir -p /var/www/html/ksstart/

配置文件示例：ks77efi.cfg

System authorization information

auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

Use Http install repo

url --url=http://192.168.100.1/yum/rhel77/

Use text install

text

Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --disable

firewall --disabled

selinux --disabled

格式化安装磁盘，这里的sda需要替换成对应的设备名

ignoredisk --only-use=sda

安装后操作

reboot

Keyboard layouts

keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts=‘us’

System language

lang en_US.UTF-8

Network information，网卡设备名换成现有设备名

network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=on --activate

Root password

rootpw --plaintext 12345678

System services

services --disabled=“chronyd”

System timezone

timezone Asia/Shanghai

System bootloader configuration 这里的sda需要替换成对应的设备名

bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda

clearpart --none --initlabel 这里的sda需要替换成对应的设备名

clearpart --none --initlabel --drives=sda

Disk partitioning information

分区操作，请自行根据硬件配置和需求修改

/boot/efi 分区只有只用uefi引导启动需要，使用bios启动请忽略

part /boot/efi --fstype=“efi” --size=200 --ondisk=sda --fsoptions=“defaults,uid=0,gid=0,umask=0077,shortname=winnt”

part /boot --fstype=“xfs” --size=1024 --ondisk=sda

part pv.01 --ondisk=sda --grow --asprimary

volgroup rhel pv.01

logvol swap --fstype=“swap” --name=“swap” --vgname=“rhel” --size=32768

logvol / --fstype=“xfs” --name=“root” --vgname=“rhel” --size=409600

logvol /home --fstype=“xfs” --name=“home” --vgname=“rhel” --size=204800

logvol /var/log --fstype=“xfs” --name=“var_log” --vgname=“rhel” --size=204800

logvol /var/lib/docker --fstype=“xfs” --name=“var_lib_docker” --vgname=“rhel” --size=204800

预执行操作，使用uefi引导gpt盘必须要先设定盘未gpt

%pre

parted -s /dev/sda mklabel gpt

%end

安装软件

%packages

@^minimal

@core

kexec-tools

wget

net-tools

%end

后执行操作

%post

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*

wget http://192.168.100.1/repo/rhel75.repo

%end

服务启动

systemctl start xinetd

systemctl start httpd

systemctl start dhcpd

systemctl start tftp

客户端引导安装

按照默认方式启动服务器，选择启动项，按PXE启动服务器，选择相应的安装软件 rhel75或者rhel75 即可自行安装操作系统