openstack 常用命令回顾及总结

1. 概述

命令实际执行基于OpenStack Queens版本，更高版本亦可，长时间未使用openstack有些遗忘，整理后方便自己回顾学习，仅供各位参考，详细命令及参数可以参考openstack官方网址

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2. 认证管理

2.1 查看服务目录

openstack endpoint list
openstack catalog list

2.2 查看项目列表

openstack project list

2.3 查看用户列表

openstack user list

2.4 查看角色列表

openstack role list

2.5 创建项目

openstack project create PROJECT_NAME

2.6 创建用户

openstack user create --project PROJECT_NAME USER_NAME

2.7 用户分配角色

openstack role add --project PROJECT_NAME --user USER_NAME _member_

2.8 查看角色分配列表

openstack role assignment list

2.9 删除项目

openstack project delete PROJECT_NAME

2.10 删除用户

openstack user delete USER_NAME

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3. 镜像管理

3.1 列出镜像

openstack image list

3.2 查看镜像的详细信息

openstack image show IMAGE_NAME

3.3 设置镜像属性

openstack image set --public IMAGE_NAME 

3.4 上传镜像

3.4.1 上传完整的qcow2镜像

openstack image create --file IMAGE_NAME.qcow2  --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --property hw_scsi_model=virtio-scsi --property hw_disk_bus=virtio  --public  IMAGE_NAME

3.4.2 上传含kernel、initramfs和rootfs三者的镜像

openstack image create "cirros-threepart-kernel" --disk-format aki --container-format aki --public --file ~/images/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-kernel
openstack image create "cirros-threepart-ramdisk" --disk-format ari --container-format ari --public --file ~/images/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-initramfs
openstack image create "cirros-threepart" --disk-format ami --container-format ami --public --property kernel_id=$KID-property ramdisk_id=$RID --file ~/images/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-rootfs.img

3.5 下载镜像

openstack image save IMAGE_NAME --file IMAGE_NAME.qcow2

3.6 查看镜像元数据

glance md-namespace-list
glance md-property-show NAMESPACE

glance md-namespace-show OS::Compute::LibvirtImage

结果如下：

+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Property                   | Value                                                                            |
+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| created_at                 | 2023-01-11T16:58:18Z                                                             |
| description                | Libvirt驱动相关配置                                                              |
| display_name               | libvirt Driver Options for Images                                                |
| namespace                  | OS::Compute::LibvirtImage                                                        |
| owner                      | admin                                                                            |
| properties                 | ["hw_machine_type", "hw_qemu_guest_agent", "hw_vif_model", "os_command_line",    |
|                            | "hw_scsi_model", "hw_video_ram", "hw_video_model", "hw_rng_model",               |
|                            | "img_hide_hypervisor_id", "hw_disk_bus", "hw_pointer_model"]                     |
| protected                  | True                                                                             |
| resource_type_associations | ["OS::Glance::Image"]                                                            |
| schema                     | /v2/schemas/metadefs/namespace                                                   |
| visibility                 | public                                                                           |
+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

3.7 设置镜像元数据

openstack image set --property  IMAGE_NAME

3.8 取消镜像元数据

openstack image unset --property  IMAGE_NAME

3.8 删除镜像

openstack image delete IMAGE_NAME

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4. 网路管理

4.1 查看网络服务状态

openstack network agent list

4.2 查看网络列表

openstack network list

4.3 查看子网列表

openstack subnet list

4.4 创建网络

4.4.1 创建网络

根据配置文件tenant_network_types顺序选择第一个

openstack network create NETWORK_NAME

4.4.2 创建一个指定的provider类型的网络，比如vxlan网络创建，自动分配segmentation_id

openstack network create NETWORK_NAME --provider-network-type vxlan
openstack network create NETWORK_NAME --provider-network-type vxlan --provider-segment 1000 --shared

4.4.3 创建一个指定的provider类型的网络，比如vlan网络创建，可选择指定physical_network，segmentation_id

openstack network create NETWORK_NAME --provider-network-type vlan
openstack network create NETWORK_NAME --provider-network-type vlan --provider-physical-network physnet1 --provider-segment 101 --shared

4.4.4 创建一个指定的provider类型的网络，比如flat网络创建，并设置为外部网络

openstack network create NETWORK_EXTRERNAL --provider-network-type flat --provider-physical-network external --external --shared

4.5 为网络创建子网

openstack subnet create SUBNET_NAME --network NETWORK_NAME --subnet-range 192.0.2.0/24

4.6 创建路由器

openstack router create ROUTER_NAME

4.7 将路由器连接到外部的提供商网络

openstack router set ROUTER_NAME --external-gateway NETWORK_NAME

4.8 将路由器连接到子网

openstack router add subnet ROUTER_NAME SUBNET_NAME

4.9 在不指定IP地址的情况下创建一个端口

openstack port create PORT_NAME --network NETWORK_NAME

4.10 创建指定IP地址的端口

openstack port create --network NETWORK_NAME --fixed-ip subnet=SUBNET_NAME,ip-address=192.0.2.40 PORT_NAME

4.11 指定的固定IP地址的查询端口

neutron port-list --fixed-ips ip_address=192.0.2.2 ip_address=192.0.2.40

4.12 浮动IP

4.12.1 列出浮动IP池中提供的所有浮动IP地址

openstack network list --external

4.12.2 列出分配给当前项目的所有浮动的IP地址

openstack floating ip list

4.12.3 分配浮动IP

openstack floating ip create NETWORK_EXTRERNAL

4.12.3 释放浮动IP

openstack floating ip delete FLOATING_IP_ADDRESS

4.13 删除子网

openstack subnet delete SUBNET_NAME 

4.14 删除网络

openstack network delete NETWORK_NAME

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5. 计算管理

5.1 服务状态管理

5.1.1 查看计算服务状态

openstack compute service list

5.1.2 设置计算服务可用与不可用

openstack compute service set --enable/--disable HOSTNAME nova-compute

5.2 查看虚拟化节点列表

openstack hypervisor list

5.3 查看虚拟化节点详细信息

openstack hypervisor show HYPERVISOR_ID

查看所有虚拟化节点统计信息如下：

openstack hypervisor stats show

5.4 查看云主机/虚拟机列表

openstack server list --all

5.5 显示云主机详细信息

openstack server show INSTANCE_NAME

5.6 查看云主机的控制台日志

openstack console log show INSTANCE_NAME

5.7 获得一个可访问的云主机的URL

openstack console url show INSTANCE_NAME/INSTANCE_ID --novnc

5.8 创建云主机

openstack server create --flavor FLAVOR_ID --image IMAGE_ID --network NETWORK_ID --wait INSTANCE_NAME 

5.9 挂起和恢复云主机

openstack server suspend INSTANCE_NAME
openstack server resume INSTANCE_NAME

5.10 暂停和取消暂停云主机

openstack server pause INSTANCE_NAME
openstack server unpause INSTANCE_NAME

5.11 关闭云主机

openstack server stop INSTANCE_NAME

5.12 启动云主机

openstack server start INSTANCE_NAME

5.13 重启云主机

软重启

openstack server reboot --soft INSTANCE_NAME

硬重启

openstack server reboot --hard INSTANCE_NAME

5.14 重置云主机状态

openstack server set --state active INSTANCE_NAME

5.15 调整云主机

openstack server resize --flavor FLAVOR_ID INSTANCE_NAME

手动确认调整大小

openstack server resize --confirm INSTANCE_ID

如果调整失败或未按预期运行，可以恢复调整大小

openstack server resize --revert INSTANCE_ID

5.16 重建虚拟机

openstack server rebuild --image IMAGE_ID INSTANCE_NAME

5.17 云主机挂载云硬盘

openstack server add volume INSTANCE_ID VOLUME_ID
openstack server add volume --device /dev/vdb INSTANCE_ID VOLUME_ID

5.18 云主机卸载云硬盘

openstack server remove volume INSTANCE_ID VOLUME_ID

5.19 云主机添加浮动IP

openstack server add floating ip INSTANCE_NAME/INSTANCE_ID FLOATING_IP_ADDRESS

5.20 云主机移除浮动IP

openstack server remove floating ip INSTANCE_NAME/INSTANCE_ID FLOATING_IP_ADDRESS

5.21 云主机添加固定IP地址

openstack server add fixed ip  --fixed-ip-address FIXED_IP_ADDRESS  INSTANCE_NAME/INSTANCE_ID NETWORK_NAME

5.22 云主机移除固定IP地址

openstack server remove fixed ip  INSTANCE_NAME/INSTANCE_ID FIXED_IP_ADDRESS

5.23 云主机添加网络

openstack server add network INSTANCE_NAME/INSTANCE_ID NETWORK_NAME

5.24 云主机移除网络

openstack server remove network INSTANCE_NAME/INSTANCE_ID NETWORK_NAME

5.25 云主机添加端口

openstack server add port INSTANCE_NAME/INSTANCE_ID PORT_NAME

5.26 云主机移除端口

openstack server remove port INSTANCE_NAME/INSTANCE_ID PORT_NAME

5.27 云主机添加安全组

openstack server add security group INSTANCE_NAME/INSTANCE_ID SECURITY_GROUP_ID

5.28 云主机移除安全组

openstack server remove security group INSTANCE_NAME/INSTANCE_ID SECURITY_GROUP_ID

5.29 创建云主机快照

openstack server image create INSTANCE_NAME --name INSTANCE_NAME_SNAPSHOT

5.30 撤离云主机

从失败的计算节点撤离该云主机，若为共享存储则保留原系统数据，若非共享存储，则基于原镜像和原端口重建虚拟机，挂载的共享盘保留。

openstack server evacuate INSTANCE_NAME/INSTANCE_ID 

5.31 云主机迁移

openstack server migrate  --live-migration  INSTANCE_ID

5.32 删除云主机

openstack server delete INSTANCE_NAME

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6. 存储管理

6.1 查看存储服务状态

openstack volume service list

6.2 查看卷列表

openstack volume list

6.3 创建新的空卷

openstack volume create --size SIZE_IN_GB VOLUME_NAME

6.4 创建基于镜像的的卷

openstack volume create --image IMAGE_ID --size SIZE_IN_GB VOLUME_NAME

6.5 查看卷详细信息

openstack volume show VOLUME_ID

6.6 调整卷大小

卸载卷后再调整

openstack volume set VOLUME_ID --size NEW_SIZE_IN_GB

6.7 重置卷的状态

openstack volume set  --state available VOLUME_ID

6.8 设置为启动卷

openstack volume set --bootable VOLUME_ID

6.9 删除卷

openstack volume delete VOLUME_ID

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7. 安全组管理

7.1 查看安全组列表

openstack security group list

7.2 查看安全组规则列表

openstack security group rule list

7.3 查看安全组详细信息

openstack security group show SECURITY_GROUP_ID

7.4 创建安全组

openstack security group create SECURITY_GROUP_NAME
openstack security group create SECURITY_GROUP_NAME --project PROJECT_ID

7.5 在安全组中，添加ssh规则

openstack security group rule create default --dst-port 22 --description ssh SECURITY_GROUP_ID

7.6 在安全组中，添加允许所有icmp、tcp、udp

openstack security group rule create default --protocol icmp --description icmp SECURITY_GROUP_ID
openstack security group rule create default --protocol tcp --description tcp SECURITY_GROUP_ID
openstack security group rule create default --protocol udp --description udp SECURITY_GROUP_ID

7.7 查看规则详细信息

openstack security group rule show SECURITY_GROUP_RULE_ID

7.8 删除规则

openstack security group rule delete SECURITY_GROUP_RULE_ID

7.9 删除安全组

openstack security group delete SECURITY_GROUP_ID

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8. 秘钥管理

8.1 查看秘钥列表

openstack keypair list

8.2 创建秘钥

openstack keypair create KEY_PAIR_NAME > KEY_PAIR_NAME.pem

8.3 使用秘钥

openstack server create --flavor FLAVOR_ID --image IMAGE_ID  --network NETWORK_ID --key-name KEY_PAIR_NAME INSTANCE_NAME
chmod 600 KEY_PAIR_NAME.pem
ip netns exec qdhcp-xxxxxx ssh -i KEY_PAIR_NAME.pem [email protected]

8.4 删除秘钥

openstack keypair delete KEY_PAIR_NAME

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9. FLAVOR管理

9.1 查看FLAVOR列表

openstack flavor list

9.2 创建FLAVOR

openstack flavor create --ram 8192 --disk 200 --vcpus 4 FLAVOR_NAME

9.3 删除FLAVOR

openstack flavor delete FLAVOR_NAME

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10. 资源统计

10.1 查看资源使用情况

openstack usage list

10.2 查看单个项目的资源使用情况

openstack usage show --project 

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11. 参考文献：

https://docs.openstack.org/zh_CN/user-guide/index.html
https://docs.openstack.org/python-openstackclient/latest/cli/command-objects/hypervisor.html
https://blog.csdn.net/sun2333/article/details/78559182