alkane

IUPAC nomenclature of alkane: prefix + infix + root + suffix

chain len	root
C1	meth
C2	eth
C3	prop
C4	but
C5	pent
C6	hex
C7	hept
C8	oct
C9	non
C10	dec
C11	undec (français)
C12	dodec (español)
C13	tridec
C14	tetradec
C15	pentadec
C16	hexadec
C17	heptadec
C18	octadec
C19	nonadec
C20	icos

cyclo: ring

1. parent chain: longest continuous carbon chain
   if two choices of same length => parent chain: w. greatest #substituents.
2. number the chain beginning closet to substituent: ensure lowest possible number for position of substituent
3. use numbers for location of substituent; name: "ane" -> "yl"

   prefix

alkyl groups/substituent	prefix
CH3-	methyl-
CH3CH2-	ethyl-
CH3CH2CH2-	propyl-
CH3CH2CH2CH2-	butyl-

4. if alkyl substituent group appear more than once, use di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa (2,3,4,5,6) for each type of alkyl group
5. list substituent group alphabetically, e.g. 4-ethyl-3-methyloctane
6. numbers are separated from words by "-", numbers ","

infix

• cyclo
• spiro
• bicyclo

E.g.

3-ehtylhexane

2,3-dimethylpentane

4-ethyl-3-methyloctane.png

5,7-diethyl-3,4,7-trimethyl-5-propyldecane

1,1-dimethyl-3-chlorocyclohexane

parent-chain-selection

References:

• kpu organic function group naming
• nomenclature encyclopedia