IUPAC nomenclature of alkane: prefix + infix + root + suffix
chain len | root |
---|---|
C1 | meth |
C2 | eth |
C3 | prop |
C4 | but |
C5 | pent |
C6 | hex |
C7 | hept |
C8 | oct |
C9 | non |
C10 | dec |
C11 | undec (français) |
C12 | dodec (español) |
C13 | tridec |
C14 | tetradec |
C15 | pentadec |
C16 | hexadec |
C17 | heptadec |
C18 | octadec |
C19 | nonadec |
C20 | icos |
cyclo: ring
- parent chain: longest continuous carbon chain
if two choices of same length => parent chain: w. greatest #substituents. - number the chain beginning closet to substituent: ensure lowest possible number for position of substituent
- use numbers for location of substituent; name: "ane" -> "yl"
prefix
alkyl groups/substituent | prefix |
---|---|
CH3- | methyl- |
CH3CH2- | ethyl- |
CH3CH2CH2- | propyl- |
CH3CH2CH2CH2- | butyl- |
- if alkyl substituent group appear more than once, use di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa (2,3,4,5,6) for each type of alkyl group
- list substituent group alphabetically, e.g. 4-ethyl-3-methyloctane
- numbers are separated from words by "-", numbers ","
infix
- cyclo
- spiro
- bicyclo
E.g.
References:
- kpu organic function group naming
- nomenclature encyclopedia