阿里云轻量应用服务器Linux-Centos7下MySQL8.0.19的使用
初始环境：阿里云轻量应用服务器已经安装MySQL8.0.19
具体目标：使用MySQL 8.0.19
目录
- 第一步：初始化
- 第二步：创建一些表
- 第三步：添加一些数据
- 第四步：详情一览
- 第五步：检索数据
- 第六步：排序检索数据
- 第七步：过滤数据
- 第八步：高级数据过滤
- 第九步：用通配符进行过滤
- 第十步：创建计算字段
- 第十一步：使用函数处理数据
- 第十二步：汇总数据
- 第十三步：分组数据
- 第十四步：使用子查询
- 第十五步：创建联结
- 第十六步：创建高级联结
- 第十七步：组合查询
- 第十八步：插入数据
- 第十九步：更新和删除数据
- 第二十步：创建和操纵表
- 第二十一步：使用视图
第一步：初始化
1.进入数据库，然后输入密码123456
mysql -u root -p
2.创建数据库
create database test;
3.使用数据库
use test;
第二步：创建一些表
1.创建表Customers
CREATE TABLE Customers
(
cust_id char(10) NOT NULL ,
cust_name char(50) NOT NULL ,
cust_address char(50) NULL ,
cust_city char(50) NULL ,
cust_state char(5) NULL ,
cust_zip char(10) NULL ,
cust_country char(50) NULL ,
cust_contact char(50) NULL ,
cust_email char(255) NULL
);
2.创建表OrderItems
CREATE TABLE OrderItems
(
order_num int NOT NULL ,
order_item int NOT NULL ,
prod_id char(10) NOT NULL ,
quantity int NOT NULL ,
item_price decimal(8,2) NOT NULL
);
3.创建表Orders
CREATE TABLE Orders
(
order_num int NOT NULL ,
order_date datetime NOT NULL ,
cust_id char(10) NOT NULL
);
4.创建表Products
CREATE TABLE Products
(
prod_id char(10) NOT NULL ,
vend_id char(10) NOT NULL ,
prod_name char(255) NOT NULL ,
prod_price decimal(8,2) NOT NULL ,
prod_desc text NULL
);
5.创建表Vendors
CREATE TABLE Vendors
(
vend_id char(10) NOT NULL ,
vend_name char(50) NOT NULL ,
vend_address char(50) NULL ,
vend_city char(50) NULL ,
vend_state char(5) NULL ,
vend_zip char(10) NULL ,
vend_country char(50) NULL
);
6.定义主键
ALTER TABLE Customers ADD PRIMARY KEY (cust_id);
ALTER TABLE OrderItems ADD PRIMARY KEY (order_num, order_item);
ALTER TABLE Orders ADD PRIMARY KEY (order_num);
ALTER TABLE Products ADD PRIMARY KEY (prod_id);
ALTER TABLE Vendors ADD PRIMARY KEY (vend_id);
7.定义外键
ALTER TABLE OrderItems ADD CONSTRAINT FK_OrderItems_Orders FOREIGN KEY (order_num) REFERENCES Orders (order_num);
ALTER TABLE OrderItems ADD CONSTRAINT FK_OrderItems_Products FOREIGN KEY (prod_id) REFERENCES Products (prod_id);
ALTER TABLE Orders ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_Customers FOREIGN KEY (cust_id) REFERENCES Customers (cust_id);
ALTER TABLE Products ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Products_Vendors FOREIGN KEY (vend_id) REFERENCES Vendors (vend_id);
第三步：添加一些数据
1.给表Customers添加数据
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES('1000000001', 'Village Toys', '200 Maple Lane', 'Detroit', 'MI', '44444', 'USA', 'John Smith', '[email protected]');
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact)
VALUES('1000000002', 'Kids Place', '333 South Lake Drive', 'Columbus', 'OH', '43333', 'USA', 'Michelle Green');
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES('1000000003', 'Fun4All', '1 Sunny Place', 'Muncie', 'IN', '42222', 'USA', 'Jim Jones', '[email protected]');
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email)
VALUES('1000000004', 'Fun4All', '829 Riverside Drive', 'Phoenix', 'AZ', '88888', 'USA', 'Denise L. Stephens', '[email protected]');
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact)
VALUES('1000000005', 'The Toy Store', '4545 53rd Street', 'Chicago', 'IL', '54545', 'USA', 'Kim Howard');
2.给表Vendors添加数据
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('BRS01','Bears R Us','123 Main Street','Bear Town','MI','44444', 'USA');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('BRE02','Bear Emporium','500 Park Street','Anytown','OH','44333', 'USA');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('DLL01','Doll House Inc.','555 High Street','Dollsville','CA','99999', 'USA');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('FRB01','Furball Inc.','1000 5th Avenue','New York','NY','11111', 'USA');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('FNG01','Fun and Games','42 Galaxy Road','London', NULL,'N16 6PS', 'England');
INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country)
VALUES('JTS01','Jouets et ours','1 Rue Amusement','Paris', NULL,'45678', 'France');
3.给表Products添加数据
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BR01', 'BRS01', '8 inch teddy bear', 5.99, '8 inch teddy bear, comes with cap and jacket');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BR02', 'BRS01', '12 inch teddy bear', 8.99, '12 inch teddy bear, comes with cap and jacket');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BR03', 'BRS01', '18 inch teddy bear', 11.99, '18 inch teddy bear, comes with cap and jacket');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BNBG01', 'DLL01', 'Fish bean bag toy', 3.49, 'Fish bean bag toy, complete with bean bag worms with which to feed it');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BNBG02', 'DLL01', 'Bird bean bag toy', 3.49, 'Bird bean bag toy, eggs are not included');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('BNBG03', 'DLL01', 'Rabbit bean bag toy', 3.49, 'Rabbit bean bag toy, comes with bean bag carrots');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('RGAN01', 'DLL01', 'Raggedy Ann', 4.99, '18 inch Raggedy Ann doll');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('RYL01', 'FNG01', 'King doll', 9.49, '12 inch king doll with royal garments and crown');
INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc)
VALUES('RYL02', 'FNG01', 'Queen doll', 9.49, '12 inch queen doll with royal garments and crown');
4.给表Orders添加数据
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20005, '2012-05-01', '1000000001');
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20006, '2012-01-12', '1000000003');
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20007, '2012-01-30', '1000000004');
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20008, '2012-02-03', '1000000005');
INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id)
VALUES(20009, '2012-02-08', '1000000001');
5.给表OrderItems添加数据
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20005, 1, 'BR01', 100, 5.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20005, 2, 'BR03', 100, 10.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20006, 1, 'BR01', 20, 5.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20006, 2, 'BR02', 10, 8.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20006, 3, 'BR03', 10, 11.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 1, 'BR03', 50, 11.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 2, 'BNBG01', 100, 2.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 3, 'BNBG02', 100, 2.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 4, 'BNBG03', 100, 2.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20007, 5, 'RGAN01', 50, 4.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 1, 'RGAN01', 5, 4.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 2, 'BR03', 5, 11.99);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 3, 'BNBG01', 10, 3.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 4, 'BNBG02', 10, 3.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20008, 5, 'BNBG03', 10, 3.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20009, 1, 'BNBG01', 250, 2.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20009, 2, 'BNBG02', 250, 2.49);
INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price)
VALUES(20009, 3, 'BNBG03', 250, 2.49);
6.提交操作
commit;
第四步：详情一览
Customers 表：
Vendors 表：
Products 表：
Orders 表：
OrderItems 表：
第五步：检索数据
1.检索单个列：
SELECT prod_name
FROM Products;
2.检索多个列：
SELECT prod_id, prod_name, prod_price
FROM Products;
3.检索所有列：
SELECT *
FROM Products;
4.检索不同的值：
SELECT vend_id
FROM Products;
SELECT DISTINCT vend_id
FROM Products;
5.限制结果：
SELECT prod_name
FROM Products
LIMIT 5;
SELECT prod_name
FROM Products
LIMIT 5 OFFSET 5;
6.使用注释：
SELECT prod_name -- 这是一条注释
FROM Products;
# 这是一条注释
SELECT prod_name
FROM Products;
/* SELECT prod_name, vend_id
FROM Products; */
SELECT prod_name
FROM Products;
第六步：排序检索数据
1.排序数据
SELECT prod_name
FROM Products;
SELECT prod_name
FROM Products
ORDER BY prod_name;
2.按多个列排序
SELECT prod_id, prod_price, prod_name
FROM Products
ORDER BY prod_price, prod_name;
3.按列位置排序
SELECT prod_id, prod_price, prod_name
FROM Products
ORDER BY 2, 3;
4.指定排序方向
SELECT prod_id, prod_price, prod_name
FROM Products
ORDER BY prod_price DESC;
SELECT prod_id, prod_price, prod_name
FROM Products
ORDER BY prod_price DESC, prod_name;
第七步：过滤数据
1.使用 WHERE 子句
SELECT prod_name, prod_price
FROM Products
WHERE prod_price = 3.49;
2.检查单个值：
SELECT prod_name, prod_price
FROM Products
WHERE prod_price < 10;
SELECT prod_name, prod_price
FROM Products
WHERE prod_price <= 10;
3.不匹配检查：
SELECT vend_id, prod_name
FROM Products
WHERE vend_id <> 'DLL01';
SELECT vend_id, prod_name
FROM Products
WHERE vend_id != 'DLL01';
4.范围值检查：
SELECT prod_name, prod_price
FROM Products
WHERE prod_price BETWEEN 5 AND 10;
5.空值检查：
SELECT prod_name
FROM Products
WHERE prod_price IS NULL;
SELECT cust_name
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_email IS NULL;
第八步：高级数据过滤
1.AND 操作符
SELECT prod_id, prod_price, prod_name
FROM Products
WHERE vend_id = 'DLL01' AND prod_price <= 4;
2.OR 操作符
SELECT prod_name, prod_price
FROM Products
WHERE vend_id = 'DLL01' OR vend_id = 'BRS01';
3.求值顺序
SELECT prod_name, prod_price
FROM Products
WHERE vend_id = 'DLL01' OR vend_id = 'BRS01' AND prod_price >= 10;
SELECT prod_name, prod_price
FROM Products
WHERE (vend_id = 'DLL01' OR vend_id = 'BRS01') AND prod_price >= 10;
4.IN 操作符
SELECT prod_name, prod_price
FROM Products
WHERE vend_id IN ( 'DLL01', 'BRS01' ) ORDER BY prod_name;
SELECT prod_name, prod_price
FROM Products
WHERE vend_id = 'DLL01' OR vend_id = 'BRS01' ORDER BY prod_name;
5.NOT 操作符
SELECT prod_name
FROM Products
WHERE NOT vend_id = 'DLL01'
ORDER BY prod_name;
SELECT prod_name
FROM Products
WHERE vend_id <> 'DLL01'
ORDER BY prod_name;
第九步：用通配符进行过滤
1.百分号（%）通配符
SELECT prod_id, prod_name
FROM Products
WHERE prod_name LIKE 'Fish%';
SELECT prod_id, prod_name
FROM Products
WHERE prod_name LIKE '%bean bag%';
SELECT prod_name
FROM Products
WHERE prod_name LIKE 'F%y';
2.下划线（_）通配符
SELECT prod_id, prod_name
FROM Products
WHERE prod_name LIKE '__ inch teddy bear';
SELECT prod_id, prod_name
FROM Products
WHERE prod_name LIKE '% inch teddy bear';
第十步：创建计算字段
1.拼接字段
SELECT Concat(vend_name, ' (', vend_country, ')')
FROM Vendors
ORDER BY vend_name;
SELECT Concat(RTRIM(vend_name) ,' (' ,RTRIM(vend_country) ,')')
FROM Vendors
ORDER BY vend_name;
2.使用别名：
SELECT Concat(vend_name, ' (', vend_country, ')') AS vend_title
FROM Vendors
ORDER BY vend_name;
3.执行算术计算：
SELECT prod_id, quantity, item_price
FROM OrderItems
WHERE order_num = 20008;
SELECT prod_id, quantity, item_price, quantity*item_price AS expanded_price
FROM OrderItems
WHERE order_num = 20008;
第十一步：使用函数处理数据
1.文本处理函数：
SELECT vend_name, UPPER(vend_name) AS vend_name_upcase
FROM Vendors
ORDER BY vend_name;
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_contact = 'Michael Green';
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact
FROM Customers
WHERE SOUNDEX(cust_contact) = SOUNDEX('Michael Green');
2.日期和时间处理函数：
SELECT order_num
FROM Orders
WHERE YEAR(order_date) = 2012;
第十二步：汇总数据
1.AVG() 函数
SELECT AVG(prod_price) AS avg_price
FROM Products;
SELECT AVG(prod_price) AS avg_price
FROM Products
WHERE vend_id = 'DLL01';
2.COUNT() 函数
SELECT COUNT(*) AS num_cust
FROM Customers;
SELECT COUNT(cust_email) AS num_cust
FROM Customers;
3.MAX() 函数
SELECT MAX(prod_price) AS max_price
FROM Products;
4.MIN() 函数
SELECT MIN(prod_price) AS min_price
FROM Products;
5.SUM() 函数
SELECT SUM(quantity) AS items_ordered
FROM OrderItems
WHERE order_num = 20005;
SELECT SUM(item_price*quantity) AS total_price
FROM OrderItems
WHERE order_num = 20005;
6.聚集不同值
SELECT AVG(DISTINCT prod_price) AS avg_price
FROM Products
WHERE vend_id = 'DLL01';
7.组合聚集函数
SELECT COUNT(*) AS num_items, MIN(prod_price) AS price_min, MAX(prod_price) AS price_max, AVG(prod_price) AS price_avg
FROM Products;
第十三步：分组数据
1.数据分组
SELECT COUNT(*) AS num_prods
FROM Products
WHERE vend_id = 'DLL01';
2.创建分组
SELECT vend_id, COUNT(*) AS num_prods
FROM Products
GROUP BY vend_id;
3.过滤分组
SELECT cust_id, COUNT(*) AS orders
FROM Orders
GROUP BY cust_id
HAVING COUNT(*) >= 2;
SELECT vend_id, COUNT(*) AS num_prods
FROM Products
WHERE prod_price >= 4
GROUP BY vend_id
HAVING COUNT(*) >= 2;
SELECT vend_id, COUNT(*) AS num_prods
FROM Products
GROUP BY vend_id
HAVING COUNT(*) >= 2;
4.分组和排序
SELECT order_num, COUNT(*) AS items
FROM OrderItems
GROUP BY order_num
HAVING COUNT(*) >= 3;
SELECT order_num, COUNT(*) AS items
FROM OrderItems
GROUP BY order_num
HAVING COUNT(*) >= 3
ORDER BY items, order_num;
第十四步：使用子查询
1.利用子查询进行过滤
SELECT order_num
FROM OrderItems
WHERE prod_id = 'RGAN01';
SELECT cust_id
FROM Orders
WHERE order_num IN (20007,20008);
SELECT cust_id
FROM Orders
WHERE order_num IN (SELECT order_num
FROM OrderItems
WHERE prod_id = 'RGAN01');
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_id IN ('1000000004','1000000005');
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_id IN (SELECT cust_id
FROM Orders
WHERE order_num IN (SELECT order_num
FROM OrderItems
WHERE prod_id = 'RGAN01'));
2.作为计算字段使用子查询
SELECT COUNT(*) AS orders
FROM Orders
WHERE cust_id = '1000000001';
SELECT cust_name,
cust_state,
(SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM Orders
WHERE Orders.cust_id = Customers.cust_id) AS orders
FROM Customers
ORDER BY cust_name;
SELECT cust_name,
cust_state,
(SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM Orders
WHERE cust_id = cust_id) AS orders
FROM Customers
ORDER BY cust_name;
第十五步：创建联结
1.创建联结
SELECT vend_name, prod_name, prod_price
FROM Vendors, Products
WHERE Vendors.vend_id = Products.vend_id;
2.WHERE 子句的重要性
SELECT vend_name, prod_name, prod_price
FROM Vendors, Products;
3.内联结
SELECT vend_name, prod_name, prod_price
FROM Vendors INNER JOIN Products
ON Vendors.vend_id = Products.vend_id;
4.联结多个表
SELECT prod_name, vend_name, prod_price, quantity
FROM OrderItems, Products, Vendors
WHERE Products.vend_id = Vendors.vend_id
AND OrderItems.prod_id = Products.prod_id
AND order_num = 20007;
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_id IN (SELECT cust_id
FROM Orders
WHERE order_num IN (SELECT order_num
FROM OrderItems
WHERE prod_id = 'RGAN01'));
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact
FROM Customers, Orders, OrderItems
WHERE Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id
AND OrderItems.order_num = Orders.order_num
AND prod_id = 'RGAN01';
第十六步：创建高级联结
1.使用表别名
SELECT Concat(RTRIM(vend_name), ' (', RTRIM(vend_country), ')')
AS vend_title
FROM Vendors
ORDER BY vend_name;
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact
FROM Customers AS C, Orders AS O, OrderItems AS OI
WHERE C.cust_id = O.cust_id
AND OI.order_num = O.order_num
AND prod_id = 'RGAN01';
2.自联结
SELECT cust_id, cust_name, cust_contact
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_name = (SELECT cust_name
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_contact = 'Jim Jones');
SELECT c1.cust_id, c1.cust_name, c1.cust_contact
FROM Customers AS c1, Customers AS c2
WHERE c1.cust_name = c2.cust_name
AND c2.cust_contact = 'Jim Jones';
3.自然联结
SELECT C.*, O.order_num, O.order_date,
OI.prod_id, OI.quantity, OI.item_price
FROM Customers AS C, Orders AS O, OrderItems AS OI
WHERE C.cust_id = O.cust_id
AND OI.order_num = O.order_num
AND prod_id = 'RGAN01';
4.外联结
SELECT Customers.cust_id, Orders.order_num
FROM Customers INNER JOIN Orders
ON Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id;
SELECT Customers.cust_id, Orders.order_num
FROM Customers LEFT OUTER JOIN Orders
ON Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id;
SELECT Customers.cust_id, Orders.order_num
FROM Customers RIGHT OUTER JOIN Orders
ON Orders.cust_id = Customers.cust_id;
5.使用带聚集函数的联结
SELECT Customers.cust_id,
COUNT(Orders.order_num) AS num_ord
FROM Customers INNER JOIN Orders
ON Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id
GROUP BY Customers.cust_id;
SELECT Customers.cust_id,
COUNT(Orders.order_num) AS num_ord
FROM Customers LEFT OUTER JOIN Orders
ON Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id
GROUP BY Customers.cust_id;
第十七步：组合查询
1.使用 UNION
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_state IN ('IL','IN','MI');
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_name = 'Fun4All';
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_state IN ('IL','IN','MI')
UNION
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_name = 'Fun4All';
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_state IN ('IL','IN','MI')
OR cust_name = 'Fun4All';
2.包含或取消重复的行
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_state IN ('IL','IN','MI')
UNION ALL
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_name = 'Fun4All';
3.对组合查询结果排序
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_state IN ('IL','IN','MI')
UNION
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_name = 'Fun4All'
ORDER BY cust_name, cust_contact;
第十八步：插入数据
1.插入完整的行
INSERT INTO Customers
VALUES('1000000006',
'Toy Land',
'123 Any Street',
'New York',
'NY',
'11111',
'USA',
NULL,
NULL);
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id,
cust_name,
cust_address,
cust_city,
cust_state,
cust_zip,
cust_country,
cust_contact,
cust_email)
VALUES('1000000006',
'Toy Land',
'123 Any Street',
'New York',
'NY',
'11111',
'USA',
NULL,
NULL);
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id,
cust_contact,
cust_email,
cust_name,
cust_address,
cust_city,
cust_state,
cust_zip)
VALUES('1000000006',
NULL,
NULL,
'Toy Land',
'123 Any Street',
'New York',
'NY',
'11111');
2.插入部分行
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id,
cust_name,
cust_address,
cust_city,
cust_state,
cust_zip,
cust_country)
VALUES('1000000007',
'Toy Land',
'123 Any Street',
'New York',
'NY',
'11111',
'USA');
3.从一个表复制到另一个表
CREATE TABLE CustCopy AS
SELECT * FROM Customers;
4.插入检索出的数据
DELETE FROM CustCopy;
INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id,
cust_contact,
cust_email,
cust_name,
cust_address,
cust_city,
cust_state,
cust_zip,
cust_country)
SELECT cust_id,
cust_contact,
cust_email,
cust_name,
cust_address,
cust_city,
cust_state,
cust_zip,
cust_country
FROM CustCopy;
第十九步：更新和删除数据
1.更新数据
UPDATE Customers
SET cust_email = '[email protected]'
WHERE cust_id = '1000000005';
UPDATE Customers
SET cust_contact = 'Sam Roberts',
cust_email = '[email protected]'
WHERE cust_id = '1000000006';
UPDATE Customers
SET cust_email = NULL
WHERE cust_id = '1000000005';
2.删除数据
DELETE FROM Customers
WHERE cust_id = '1000000007';
第二十步：创建和操纵表
1.表创建基础
CREATE TABLE ProductsNew
(
prod_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
vend_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
prod_name CHAR(254) NOT NULL,
prod_price DECIMAL(8,2) NOT NULL,
prod_desc VARCHAR(1000) NULL
);
2.使用 NULL 值
CREATE TABLE OrdersNew
(
order_num INTEGER NOT NULL,
order_date DATETIME NOT NULL,
cust_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE VendorsNew
(
vend_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
vend_name CHAR(50) NOT NULL,
vend_address CHAR(50) ,
vend_city CHAR(50) ,
vend_state CHAR(5) ,
vend_zip CHAR(10) ,
vend_country CHAR(50)
);
3.指定默认值
CREATE TABLE OrderItemsNew
(
order_num INTEGER NOT NULL,
order_item INTEGER NOT NULL,
prod_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
quantity INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
item_price DECIMAL(8,2) NOT NULL
);
4.更新表
ALTER TABLE Vendors
ADD vend_phone CHAR(20);
ALTER TABLE Vendors
DROP COLUMN vend_phone;
5.删除表
DROP TABLE CustCopy;
第二十一步：使用视图
1.利用视图简化复杂的联结
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact
FROM Customers, Orders, OrderItems
WHERE Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id
AND OrderItems.order_num = Orders.order_num
AND prod_id = 'RGAN01';
CREATE VIEW ProductCustomers AS
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, prod_id
FROM Customers, Orders, OrderItems
WHERE Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id
AND OrderItems.order_num = Orders.order_num;
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact
FROM ProductCustomers
WHERE prod_id = 'RGAN01';
2.用视图重新格式化检索出的数据
SELECT Concat(RTRIM(vend_name) , ' (' , RTRIM(vend_country) , ')')
AS vend_title
FROM Vendors
ORDER BY vend_name;
CREATE VIEW VendorLocations AS
SELECT Concat(RTRIM(vend_name) , ' (' , RTRIM(vend_country) , ')')
AS vend_title
FROM Vendors;
SELECT *
FROM VendorLocations;
3.用视图过滤不想要的数据
CREATE VIEW CustomerEMailList AS
SELECT cust_id, cust_name, cust_email
FROM Customers
WHERE cust_email IS NOT NULL;
SELECT *
FROM CustomerEMailList;
4.使用视图与计算字段
SELECT prod_id,
quantity,
item_price,
quantity*item_price AS expanded_price
FROM OrderItems
WHERE order_num = 20008;
CREATE VIEW OrderItemsExpanded AS
SELECT order_num,
prod_id,
quantity,
item_price,
quantity*item_price AS expanded_price
FROM OrderItems;
SELECT *
FROM OrderItemsExpanded
WHERE order_num = 20008;
免责声明：
1.编写此文是为了更好地学习MySQL的使用，如果损害了有关人的利益，请联系删除；
2.如果文中描述欠妥，请在评论中进行指正；
3.文字编写不易，若感觉有用，点赞收藏关注会让博主很开心哦；
4.此外，本文支持任何形式的转载，转载请注明出处，非常感谢！！！
本文源自：https://blog.csdn.net/testleaf/article/details/110095404
博客园cnblogs同号。