【Azure 应用服务】Azure Function App使用SendGrid发送邮件遇见异常消息The operation was canceled,分析源码渐入最源端

问题描述

在使用Azure Function App的 SendGrid **Binging **功能,调用SendGrid服务器发送邮件功能时,遇到见间歇性,偶发性的异常。在重新运行SendGrid的Function,却又能恢复运行。

所以本文基于Azure Function使用SendGrid的异常错误日志,一步一步,分析源码中的方法内容。 然后调查为什么 Azure Function 没有自动重试(Retry)?

(如需要参考如何使用Azure Function SendGrid,参考:Azure Functions SendGrid 绑定)

错误消息:

2021071401.png

问题分析

查看异常日志:

1)从最后一行看, 根据方法 Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Host.Executors.FunctionExecutor.TryExecuteAsync 可以得出,代码已经进入Function平台级别。可以初步排除是自己写的代码错误。

2)在逐行上看,发现 C:\azure-webjobs-sdk-extensions\src\WebJobs.Extensions.SendGrid\Client\SendGridClient.cs : 23 中,调用了 Client.SendGridClient.SendMessageAsync(SendGridMessage msg,CancellationToken cancellationToken) 并抛出异常。

因为Azure Funciton的Source Code已经开源,所以可以在Github中查看到 WebJobs.Extensions.SendGrid\Client\SendGridClient.cs 的源代码。

2021071402.png

注意: 代码中直接调用SendGird SDK中的Client对象,发送邮件 SendEmailAsync。

  1. 继续向上查看,发现进入 SendGrid 的 SendGrid.SendGridClient.MakeRequest(HttpRequestMessage request,CancellationToken cancellationToken) 中。同第二步一样,继续在Github中搜索SendGrid的源码,查看MakeRequest方法中进行了那些操作。
    2021071403.png

注意:方法MakeRequest中也没有多余配置,只是更深一步传递 Request请求。然后对获取的结果进行异常处理或成功还回,外加设置响应编码为UTF8

  1. 继续向上查看,进入 SendGrid.Helpers.Reliability.RetryDelegatingHandler.SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request,CancellationToken cancellationToken) 中。在此,发现可以设置以下四种条件的Retry次数。
           private static readonly List RetriableServerErrorStatusCodes =
            new List()
            {
                HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError,
                HttpStatusCode.BadGateway,
                HttpStatusCode.ServiceUnavailable,
                HttpStatusCode.GatewayTimeout,
            };

RetryDeletegatingHandler.SendAsync 代码:

2021071404.png

注意:如果设置了MaximumNumberOfRetries值,则当发送请求到SendGrid不成功时,会自动重试所设置的次数。重试次数必须在0 ~ 5 次之间。

if (maximumNumberOfRetries < 0)
{
 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(maximumNumberOfRetries), "maximumNumberOfRetries must be greater than 0");
}

if (maximumNumberOfRetries > 5)
{
 throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(maximumNumberOfRetries), "The maximum number of retries allowed is 5");
}
  1. 继续向上查看,发现后期的方法全是 System.Net.Http 类中对HTTP请求的处理。至此,代码查看到达源端。

6)回看异常消息 System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCanceledException : The operation was canceled. 这是因为参数 cancellationToken 的原因。因为请求为异步 Task操作。当在请求长时间没有处理完成并且cancellationToken中设置的取消时间已到,当前任务会被取消并抛出以上消息:The operation was canceled.

为什么需要取消令牌(CancellationToken) ?

因为Task没有方法支持在外部取消Task,只能通过一个公共变量存放线程的取消状态,在线程内部通过变量判断线程是否被取消,当CancellationToken是取消状态,Task内部未启动的任务不会启动新线程。

(Source: https://www.cnblogs.com/fanfan-90/p/12660996.html)

通过查看源码,我们找到了为什么出现TaskCanceledException的异常,但是为什么 Function App 没有设置SendGrid的重试参数呢? 继续查看源码,发现,Function App在初始化SendGrid Client对象时,并没有做任何的配置修改。所以Retry默认保持为0.

/// 
/// Gets the maximum number of retries to execute against when sending an HTTP Request before throwing an exception. 
/// Defaults to 0 (no retries, you must explicitly enable).
/// 
public int MaximumNumberOfRetries { get; }

Azure Function 的 **SendGridOptions.cs **源文件中,并没有任何MaximumNumberOfRetries设置。

// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License. See License.txt in the project root for license information.

using SendGrid.Helpers.Mail;

namespace Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.SendGrid
{
    /// 
    /// Defines the configuration options for the SendGrid binding.
    /// 
    public class SendGridOptions
    {
        /// 
        /// Gets or sets the SendGrid ApiKey. If not explicitly set, the value will be defaulted
        /// to the value specified via the 'AzureWebJobsSendGridApiKey' app setting or the
        /// 'AzureWebJobsSendGridApiKey' environment variable.
        /// 
        public string ApiKey { get; set; }

        /// 
        /// Gets or sets the default "to" address that will be used for messages.
        /// This value can be overridden by job functions.
        /// 
        /// 
        /// An example of when it would be useful to provide a default value for 'to' 
        /// would be for emailing your own admin account to notify you when particular
        /// jobs are executed. In this case, job functions can specify minimal info in
        /// their bindings, for example just a Subject and Text body.
        /// 
        public EmailAddress ToAddress { get; set; }

        /// 
        /// Gets or sets the default "from" address that will be used for messages.
        /// This value can be overridden by job functions.
        /// 
        public EmailAddress FromAddress { get; set; }
    }
}

参考资料

Azure Functions SendGrid 绑定: https://docs.azure.cn/zh-cn/azure-functions/functions-bindings-sendgrid?tabs=csharp

WebJobs.Extensions.SendGrid: https://github.com/Azure/azure-webjobs-sdk-extensions/tree/dev/src/WebJobs.Extensions.SendGrid

SendGrid: https://github.com/sendgrid/sendgrid-csharp/tree/main/src/SendGrid

多线程笔记-CancellationToken(取消令牌):https://www.cnblogs.com/fanfan-90/p/12660996.html

当在复杂的环境中面临问题,格物之道需:浊而静之徐清,安以动之徐生。 云中,恰是如此!

分类: 【Azure 应用服务】

标签: System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCanceledException, The operation was canceled, SendGrid, Azure Function

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