216. Combination Sum III

题目链接
tag:

• Medium

question：
  Find all possible combinations of k numbers that add up to a number n, given that only numbers from 1 to 9 can be used and each combination should be a unique set of numbers.

Note:

• All numbers will be positive integers.
• The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.

Example 1:

Input: k = 3, n = 7
Output: [[1,2,4]]

Example 2:

Input: k = 3, n = 9
Output: [[1,2,6], [1,3,5], [2,3,4]]

思路：
  这道题题是组合之和系列的第三道题，跟之前两道 Combination Sum，Combination Sum II 都不太一样，那两道的联系比较紧密，变化不大，而这道跟它们最显著的不同就是这道题的个数是固定的，为k。个人认为这道题跟那道 Combinations 更相似一些，但是那道题只是排序，对k个数字之和又没有要求。所以实际上这道题是它们的综合体，两者杂糅到一起就是这道题的解法了，n是k个数字之和，如果n小于0，则直接返回，如果n正好等于0，而且此时out中数字的个数正好为k，说明此时是一个正确解，将其存入结果res中，具体实现参见代码入下：

class Solution {
public:
    vector > combinationSum3(int k, int n) {
        vector > res;
        vector out;
        combinationSum3DFS(k, n, 1, out, res);
        return res;
    }
    void combinationSum3DFS(int k, int n, int level, vector &out, vector > &res) {
        if (n < 0) return;
        if (n == 0 && out.size() == k) res.push_back(out);
        for (int i = level; i <= 9; ++i) {
            out.push_back(i);
            combinationSum3DFS(k, n - i, i + 1, out, res);
            out.pop_back();
        }
    }
};