块设备驱动程序

1.字符设备驱动程序
App    :    open          read             write
驱动:drv_open     drv_read     drv_write
硬件:
0>确定主设备号
1>file_operations
    .open
    .read
    .write
2>register_chrdev(主,name, 主设备号)
3>入口:
4>出口:

1>查询方式
2>休眠-唤醒
    app:read
    --------
    驱动:drv_read
                if(nodata)
                        sleep<----中断服务程序唤醒   request_irq
                 //被唤醒后
                    copy_to_user
                    return
3>poll机制
4>异步通知:发信号
5>输入子系统,融入别人写的代码


2.块设备驱动程序
App    :    open          read             write
块驱动:drv_open     drv_read     drv_write
硬件:

硬盘:
1.先不执行,而是放入队列
2.优化后再执行,调整执行的顺序

FLASH
1.读出整块到buffer
2.修改buffer里扇区
3.擦除整块
4.烧写整块

优化:
1.先不执行,放入队列
2.优化后执行,合并


块设备和字符设备的区别:
不能直接提供读写函数
1.把读写放入队列
2.优化后再执行
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

框架:

app:      open,read,write "1.txt"
---------------------------------------------  文件的读写
文件系统: vfat, ext2, ext3, yaffs2, jffs2      (把文件的读写转换为扇区的读写)
-----------------ll_rw_block-----------------  扇区的读写
                       1. 把"读写"放入队列
                       2. 调用队列的处理函数(优化/调顺序/合并)
            块设备驱动程序     
---------------------------------------------
硬件:        硬盘,flash


<LINUX内核源代码情景分析>

分析ll_rw_block
        for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
            struct buffer_head *bh = bhs[i];
            submit_bh(rw, bh);
                struct bio *bio; // 使用bh来构造bio (block input/output)
                submit_bio(rw, bio);
                    // 通用的构造请求: 使用bio来构造请求(request)
                    generic_make_request(bio);
                        __generic_make_request(bio);
                            request_queue_t *q = bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev); // 找到队列  
                            
                            // 调用队列的"构造请求函数"
                            ret = q->make_request_fn(q, bio);
                                    // 默认的函数是__make_request
                                    __make_request
                                        // 先尝试合并
                                        elv_merge(q, &req, bio);
                                        
                                        // 如果合并不成,使用bio构造请求
                                        init_request_from_bio(req, bio);
                                        
                                        // 把请求放入队列
                                        add_request(q, req);
                                        
                                        // 执行队列
                                        __generic_unplug_device(q);
                                                // 调用队列的"处理函数"
                                                q->request_fn(q);
            
怎么写块设备驱动程序呢?
1. 分配gendisk: alloc_disk
2. 设置
2.1 分配/设置队列: request_queue_t  // 它提供读写能力
    blk_init_queue
2.2 设置gendisk其他信息                        // 它提供属性: 比如容量
3. 注册: add_disk

参考:
drivers\block\xd.c
drivers\block\z2ram.c

测试3th,4th:
在开发板上:
1. insmod ramblock.ko
2. 格式化: mkdosfs /dev/ramblock
3. 挂接: mount /dev/ramblock /tmp/
4. 读写文件: cd /tmp, 在里面vi文件
5. cd /; umount /tmp/
6. cat /dev/ramblock > /mnt/ramblock.bin 把/dev/ramblock里面的内容放到/mnt/ramblock.bin里面
7. 在PC上查看ramblock.bin
   sudo mount -o loop ramblock.bin /mnt

测试5th:
1. insmod ramblock.ko
2. ls /dev/ramblock*
3. fdisk /dev/ramblock

ramblock.c

/* 参考:

 * drivers\block\xd.c

 * drivers\block\z2ram.c

 */



#include <linux/module.h>

#include <linux/errno.h>

#include <linux/interrupt.h>

#include <linux/mm.h>

#include <linux/fs.h>

#include <linux/kernel.h>

#include <linux/timer.h>

#include <linux/genhd.h>

#include <linux/hdreg.h>

#include <linux/ioport.h>

#include <linux/init.h>

#include <linux/wait.h>

#include <linux/blkdev.h>

#include <linux/blkpg.h>

#include <linux/delay.h>

#include <linux/io.h>



#include <asm/system.h>

#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#include <asm/dma.h>



static struct gendisk *ramblock_disk;

static request_queue_t *ramblock_queue;



static int major;



static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(ramblock_lock);



#define RAMBLOCK_SIZE (1024*1024)

static unsigned char *ramblock_buf;



static int ramblock_getgeo(struct block_device *bdev, struct hd_geometry *geo)

{

    /* 容量=heads*cylinders*sectors*512 */

    geo->heads     = 2;

    geo->cylinders = 32;

    geo->sectors   = RAMBLOCK_SIZE/2/32/512;

    return 0;

}





static struct block_device_operations ramblock_fops = {

    .owner    = THIS_MODULE,

    .getgeo    = ramblock_getgeo,

};



static void do_ramblock_request(request_queue_t * q)

{

    static int r_cnt = 0;

    static int w_cnt = 0;

    struct request *req;

    

    //printk("do_ramblock_request %d\n", ++cnt);



    while ((req = elv_next_request(q)) != NULL) {

        /* 数据传输三要素: 源,目的,长度 */

        /* 源/目的: */

        unsigned long offset = req->sector * 512;



        /* 目的/源: */

        // req->buffer



        /* 长度: */        

        unsigned long len = req->current_nr_sectors * 512;



        if (rq_data_dir(req) == READ)

        {

            //printk("do_ramblock_request read %d\n", ++r_cnt);

            memcpy(req->buffer, ramblock_buf+offset, len);

        }

        else

        {

            //printk("do_ramblock_request write %d\n", ++w_cnt);

            memcpy(ramblock_buf+offset, req->buffer, len);

        }        

        

        end_request(req, 1);

    }

}



static int ramblock_init(void)

{

    /* 1. 分配一个gendisk结构体 */

    ramblock_disk = alloc_disk(16); /* 次设备号个数: 分区个数+1 */



    /* 2. 设置 */

    /* 2.1 分配/设置队列: 提供读写能力 */

    ramblock_queue = blk_init_queue(do_ramblock_request, &ramblock_lock);

    ramblock_disk->queue = ramblock_queue;

    

    /* 2.2 设置其他属性: 比如容量 */

    major = register_blkdev(0, "ramblock");  /* cat /proc/devices */    

    ramblock_disk->major       = major;

    ramblock_disk->first_minor = 0;

    sprintf(ramblock_disk->disk_name, "ramblock");

    ramblock_disk->fops        = &ramblock_fops;

    set_capacity(ramblock_disk, RAMBLOCK_SIZE / 512);



    /* 3. 硬件相关操作 */

    ramblock_buf = kzalloc(RAMBLOCK_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);



    /* 4. 注册 */

    add_disk(ramblock_disk);



    return 0;

}



static void ramblock_exit(void)

{

    unregister_blkdev(major, "ramblock");

    del_gendisk(ramblock_disk);

    put_disk(ramblock_disk);

    blk_cleanup_queue(ramblock_queue);



    kfree(ramblock_buf);

}



module_init(ramblock_init);

module_exit(ramblock_exit);



MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

Makefile

KERN_DIR = /work/system/linux-2.6.22.6



all:

    make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules 



clean:

    make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean

    rm -rf modules.order



obj-m    += ramblock.o

 

 

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