通常我们说,spring容器帮我们管理bean,但是什么是bean?
举个简单的例子,如果我们自己提供一个X.class类,那此时的X.class我们称之为class对象,在经过spring的一系列生命周期的处理之后,就会变成可以放到spring容器中的bean对象,我们称此时的对象是bean对象,所以,总结来说,经过一系列生命周期方法处理之后的class对象,就是bean对象;
只有经过一系列后置处理器方法的处理,才是一个合格的bean对象。
bean对象最终存储在spring容器中,我们简单的、狭义上的spring容器,在spring源码底层就是一个map集合,这个map集合存储的key是当前bean的name,如果不指定,默认的是class类型首字母小写作为key,value是bean对象。存储bean的map在DefaultListableBeanFactory类中:
/** Map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name. */
private final Map<String, BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);
当Spring容器扫描到Bean类时 , 会把这个类的描述信息, 以包名加类名的方式存到beanDefinitionMap 中,
Map
spring为什么不在扫描到class文件之后,立即执行生命周期方法进行初始化、实例化?而是要先放到beanDefinitionMap集合中?
因为spring所提供的容器管理功能中,某些class类并不一定是立马需要初始化的,比如:原型bean,就是在使用的时候,再去初始化。
那我们想下,如果是原型bean,并且假设我们没有beanDefinition这一层,那问题就大了,对于原型的bean,我每初始化一次,就需要去扫描一次,这样就很浪费时间了,此时,beanDefinition的作用,就显而易见了。提一嘴,spring容器在启动的过程中,对bean进行初始化实例化的时候,大致是分为了两步,第一是将class文件转换为beanDefinition对象,第二步是根据beanDefinition对象,按照配置的要求,去进行初始化、实例化
有了beanDefinition之后,beanDefinitionMap相当于一个中转站,所有要初始化的bean,都是以beanDefinitionMap中的beanDefinition的属性信息为准。
1.spring在将class文件转换为beanDefinition的时候,是没有额外的要求的,不管这个bean是单例的,还是原型的,还是懒加载的,都会扫描出来,统一放到beanDefinitionMap集合中。
2.在第二步去初始化bean的时候,才会判断当前bean是否是原型的、是否是懒加载的、是否是有依赖关系的,等
所以,我们也可以认为beanDefinition是一个中转站,这个中转站中,存放了所有的class对应的信息,如果是初始化,就根据beanDefinition的属性信息去初始化,所以,spring也提供了一系列的扩展点让我们去修改beanDefinition、增加、删除beanDefinition。
所以,简单来说,我们自己写得一个class文件,在放到spring容器中,是这样的一个步骤:
A.class --> beanDefinition --> bean
所以,中间加了一层beanDefinition之后,那很有可能就会出现,我们提供的是X.class,但是在将class存入到beanDefinition之后,将对应的beanDefinition属性的beanClass设置为了Y.class,那这时候初始化的就是Y对象,而不是X对象。
这只是举个例子,想要说明的是:我们提供了一个X.class,正常情况下,初始化的就是x这个bean,但是在特殊情况下,我们可以将X的beanDefinition的beanClass修改为Y.class,这样就偷天换日了,实际初始化的是Y对象;这个过程就依赖于Spring所提供的N多个扩展点。
在将class放入到beanDefinitionMap之后,可以通过扩展点去修改beanDefinition的属性信息。
所以,我们提供的X类,最后并不一定初始化的就是X这个bean,许多底层框架,也是通过beanDefinition的扩展点去完成自己的业务逻辑的。
如果我们想在Spring对class初始化的过程中,进行干预怎么办?
Spring提供了一系列的扩展点,让我们根据自己的业务需求,去处理class文件从class变成bean对象过程中的关键点。我觉得,这也是Spring强大的地方,不仅仅帮我们去管理bean,也提供了相应的扩展点,让我们根据自己的需求去扩展Spring,比如:beanFactoryPostProcessor可以让我们去干预beanDefinitionMap中的beanDefinition对象;spring的后置处理器,可以让我们根据自己的需求,去干预各个后置处理器方法执行的逻辑。
在DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry类中为Bean的创建设置了三级缓存:
第一级缓存:singletonObjects
第二级缓存:earlySingletonObjects
第三级缓存:singletonFactory
/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name to bean instance. */
private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);
/** Cache of singleton factories: bean name to ObjectFactory. */
private final Map<String, ObjectFactory<?>> singletonFactories = new HashMap<>(16);
/** Cache of early singleton objects: bean name to bean instance. */
private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16);
1.创建Bean实例(createBeanInstance)
-这里主要操作是从之前已经处理好的BeanDefition(Bean定义信息)中实例化一个对象。
2.Bean对象属性赋值(populateBean)
-像@Autowired注解修饰的成员变量是在这一步完成注入的。
3.Bean对象的初始化(初始化Bean实例)
-这一步会去调用这个Bean继承了某些接口(BeanNameAware等)的方法。
在AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory类中创建Bean实例:
/**
* Actually create the specified bean. Pre-creation processing has already happened
* at this point, e.g. checking {@code postProcessBeforeInstantiation} callbacks.
* Differentiates between default bean instantiation, use of a
* factory method, and autowiring a constructor.
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @param mbd the merged bean definition for the bean
* @param args explicit arguments to use for constructor or factory method invocation
* @return a new instance of the bean
* @throws BeanCreationException if the bean could not be created
* @see #instantiateBean
* @see #instantiateUsingFactoryMethod
* @see #autowireConstructor
*/
protected Object doCreateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
// Instantiate the bean.
BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
}
if (instanceWrapper == null) {
instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
}
Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
}
// Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
try {
applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
}
mbd.postProcessed = true;
}
}
// Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
// even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
}
addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
}
// Initialize the bean instance.
Object exposedObject = bean;
try {
populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
}
else {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
}
}
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);
if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
if (exposedObject == bean) {
exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
}
else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);
Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(dependentBeans.length);
for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {
if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
}
}
if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,
"Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +
StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +
"] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +
"wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +
"bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +
"'getBeanNamesForType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
}
}
}
}
// Register bean as disposable.
try {
registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);
}
return exposedObject;
}
Bean对象在被实例化后会放入第三级缓存(addSingletonFactory)
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
}
addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
}
在Bean对象被放入三级缓存后,以后的操作如果要进入缓存查询,就会将
三级缓存中的Bean对象移动到二级缓存**,此时放在三级缓存的Bean对象会被移除
/**
* Return the (raw) singleton object registered under the given name.
* Checks already instantiated singletons and also allows for an early
* reference to a currently created singleton (resolving a circular reference).
* @param beanName the name of the bean to look for
* @param allowEarlyReference whether early references should be created or not
* @return the registered singleton object, or {@code null} if none found
*/
@Nullable
protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
// Quick check for existing instance without full singleton lock
Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
// Consistent creation of early reference within full singleton lock
singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null) {
singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null) {
ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
if (singletonFactory != null) {
singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
}
}
}
}
}
}
return singletonObject;
}
在Bean对象创建完毕后会放入一级缓存。(addSingleton)
在要用到一个Bean对象之前,都会尝试从缓存中获取,最先就是判断一级缓存中存不存在,所以称“一级”。
/**
* Return the (raw) singleton object registered under the given name,
* creating and registering a new one if none registered yet.
* @param beanName the name of the bean
* @param singletonFactory the ObjectFactory to lazily create the singleton
* with, if necessary
* @return the registered singleton object
*/
public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
Assert.notNull(beanName, "Bean name must not be null");
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null) {
if (this.singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction) {
throw new BeanCreationNotAllowedException(beanName,
"Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction " +
"(Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)");
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Creating shared instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
boolean newSingleton = false;
boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (this.suppressedExceptions == null);
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
}
try {
singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
newSingleton = true;
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
// Has the singleton object implicitly appeared in the meantime ->
// if yes, proceed with it since the exception indicates that state.
singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null) {
throw ex;
}
}
catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
for (Exception suppressedException : this.suppressedExceptions) {
ex.addRelatedCause(suppressedException);
}
}
throw ex;
}
finally {
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
this.suppressedExceptions = null;
}
afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
}
if (newSingleton) {
addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);
}
}
return singletonObject;
}
}
三级缓存其实就是三个Map,它们在特定的时间、特定的场合被使用,以解决特定的问题。
(其实整个Spring容器就是许多的Map组成,保存了环境信息、Bean定义信息、Bean实例等等)