linux上离线部署nginx

准备

下载nginx安装包
[nginx: download](http://nginx.org/en/download.html)
本次使用版本为：nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz

部署的系统版本信息(CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core))

Linux version 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Mon Oct 19 16:18:59 UTC 2020

所需依赖环境提前上传(eg:/home/dagl/soft)

gcc.zip 
zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz 
openssl-fips-2.0.10.tar.gz
pcre-8.35.tar.gz

安装前置环境

unzip gcc.zip 
cd /home/dagl/soft/gcc4.8.5-36
rpm -Uvh *.rpm --nodeps --force
#检查版本
gcc -v
g++ -v

#编译安装 openssl
cd /home/dagl/soft/
tar zxvf openssl-fips-2.0.10.tar.gz
cd openssl-fips-2.0.10

#编译安装 pcre
cd /home/dagl/soft
tar zxf pcre-8.42.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.42
./configure && make && make install
#查看pcre版本
pcre-config --version

#安装zlib
cd /home/dagl/soft/
tar zxf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.11
./configure && make && make install

开始

1. 上传nginx安装包至服务器解压（上传路径：/usr/local/）

tar zxvf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz

2. 进入到nginx文件下（cd nginx-1.16.1）

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx -–with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

#命令解释
##源码安装一般由3个步骤组成：配置（configure）、编译（make）、安装（make install）
./configure                     #可执行脚本
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx           #把所有的资源文件放在/usr/local/nginx路径中，不会杂乱
--user=nginx                    #指定用户
--group=nginx                   #指定用户组
-–with-http_stub_status_module \        #启用状态统计
-with-http_ssl_module               #启用SSL模块，提供SSL加密功能

如果出现此报错（缺少库）：

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre= option.

解决：

yum -y install pcre-devel

3. 安装命令

make && make install

4. 添加环境变量

vi /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin
source /etc/profile

5. 查看版本

nginx -V

nginx version: nginx/1.16.1
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

6. 配置启动服务

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

7. 重新加载并启动

#重新加载配置文件
systemctl daemon-reload
#启动nginx服务
systemctl start nginx.service
#设置开机启动
systemctl enable nginx.service
#查看运行状态
systemctl status nginx

如出现报错(nginx: [emerg] getpwnam("nginx") failed)：

Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code.See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

-----------

nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; static; vendor preset:disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since 三 2022-08-24 14:19:02 CST; 5s ago
  Process: 25025 ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

8月 24 14:19:02 localhost systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance we.....
8月 24 14:19:02 localhost nginx[25025]: nginx: [emerg] getpwnam("nginx") failed
8月 24 14:19:02 localhost systemd[1]: nginx.service: control process exite...=1
8月 24 14:19:02 localhost systemd[1]: Failed to start nginx - high perform...r.
8月 24 14:19:02 localhost systemd[1]: Unit nginx.service entered failed state.
8月 24 14:19:02 localhost systemd[1]: nginx.service failed.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

解决（创建nginx用户）：

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx

8. 权限不够

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

9. 新建日志目录执行

mkdir /var/log/nginx

补充

安装过程出现问题

可能缺少GCC和OpenSSL

yum install gcc-c++
yum install opensll openssl-devel

安装zlib库（zlib 库提供了很多种压缩和解压缩的⽅式， nginx 使⽤ zlib 对 http 包的内容进⾏ gzip ，所以需要在 Centos 上安装 zlib 库）

yum install -y zlib zlib-devel