目录
Linux之基于HTTPS的静态网站
定义
SSL协议
使用Apache+mod_ssl组件的加密认证网站
mod_ssl模组
安装
配置文件
ssl配置文件的主要参数
案例
案例1 --- 搭建HTTP+SSL的加密认证的web服务器
案例2 --- 组建多个子目录的网站www.joker.com,该网站下有2个子目录www.joker.com/file和www.joker.com/ftp,要求file数据使用http读取,ftp数据使用https读取
超文本传输协议HTTP协议备用于在Web浏览器和网站服务器之间传递信息
HTTP协议以明文方式发送内容,不提供任何方式的数据加密,如果攻击者截取了Web浏览器和网站服务器之间的传输报文,就可以直接读懂其中的信息,因此HTTP协议不适合传输一些敏感信息,比如信用卡号、密码等。为了解决HTTP协议的这一缺陷,需要使用另一种协议:安全套接字层超文本传输协议HTTPS
HTTPS(全称:Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer 或 Hypertext TransferProtocol Secure,超文本传输安全协议),是以安全为目标的HTTP通道
HTTPS并不是一个新协议,而是HTTP+SSL(TLS)。原本HTTP先和TCP(假定传输层是TCP协议)直接通信,而加了SSL后,就变成HTTP先和SSL通信,再由SSL和TCP通信,相当于SSL被嵌在了HTTP和TCP之间
定义
SSL --- 是“Secure Sockets Layer”的缩写,中文叫做“安全套接层”。它是在上世纪90年代中期,由网景公司设计的。到了1999年,SSL 应用广泛,已经成为互联网上的事实标准。IETF 就把SSL 标准化。标准化之后SSL被改为 TLS(Transport Layer Security传输层安全协议)
SSL协议分层
SSL记录协议 (SSL Record Protocol)它建立在可靠的传输协议(如TCP)之上,为高层协议提供数据封装、压缩、加密等基本功能
SSL握手协议(SSL Handshake Protocol):它建立在SSL记录协议之上,用于在实际的数据传输开始前,通讯双方进行身份认证、协商加密算法、交换加密密钥等
SSL协议提供的服务
认证用户和服务器,确保数据发送到正确的客户机和服务器
加密数据以防止数据中途被窃取
维护数据的完整性,确保数据在传输过程中不被改变
mod_ssl组件 --- 是apache的一个模块,以openssl的工具箱为基础专门为apache提供密码保护的一种组件模块
[root@www conf.d]# yum install mod_ssl -y
主配置文件 --- /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
证书文件 --- /etc/pki/tls/certs/xxxx.crt
私钥文件 ---/etc/pki/tls/private/xxxx.key
[root@www /]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
# 常用参数如下:
5 Listen 443 https # 监听的端口号
18 SSLPassPhraseDialog exec:/usr/libexec/httpd-ssl-pass-dialog # 存储证书的密码信息
23 SSLSessionCache shmcb:/run/httpd/sslcache(512000) # ssl的缓存,位置
24 SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300 # 换存的超时时长
40 # 重要,定义虚拟主机的信息
48 ErrorLog logs/ssl_error_log # 错误日志
49 TransferLog logs/ssl_access_log # 传输日志
50 LogLevel warn # 日志等级
54 SSLEngine on # ssl引擎开启
66 SSLHonorCipherOrder on # 协商算法
85 SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt # 证书存储路径
93 SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/localhost.key # 私钥文件路径
202 # 虚拟主机结束定义
创建存储网页的目录,xftp上传网页数据
[root@www /]# mkdir -p /test/zy
[root@www /]# cd /test/zy/
[root@www zy]# vim index.html
[root@www zy]# cat index.html
this is zy
在/etc/pki/tls/private/目录中生成私钥文件
[root@www zy]# cd /etc/pki/tls/private/
[root@www private]# ls
sendmail.key
[root@www private]# openssl genrsa -aes128 2048 > zy.key
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
.............+++++
........................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
Enter pass phrase: # 设置对私钥加密的密码,123456
Verifying - Enter pass phrase: # 在输入一遍
[root@www private]#
在/etc/pki/tls/certs/目录中新建数字证书
[root@www private]# cd /etc/pki/tls/certs/
[root@www certs]# ls
ca-bundle.crt ca-bundle.trust.crt sendmail.pem
[root@www certs]# openssl req -utf8 -new -key /etc/pki/tls/private/zy.key -x509 -days 365 -out zy.crt
Enter pass phrase for /etc/pki/tls/private/zy.key: # 输入私钥加密的密码
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:86 # 国家代码
State or Province Name (full name) []:shanxi # 省份
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:xi'an # 城市
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:tiandi # 公司
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Hcip # 部门
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:192.168.149.130 # 主机名
Email Address []:[email protected] # 邮件地址
编辑配置文件
[root@www certs]# cd ~
[root@www ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
# https的虚拟主机设置
SSLEngine on # 开启引擎
SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/zy.crt # 证书存储路径
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/zy.key # 私钥文件存储路径
servername 192.168.149.130 # 域名
documentroot /test/zy # 启动目录
# 启动目录权限设置
allowoverride none
require all granted
重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
Enter TLS private key passphrase for 192.168.149.128:443 (RSA) : ****** #密码为先前设置的123456
安装mod_ssl已经Apache
[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mod_ssl -y
#关闭selinux以及防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
新建网页目录,并创建文件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /www/file
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /www/ftp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /www/file/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# vim /www/ftp/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# cat /www/file/index.html
this is joker/file
[root@localhost ~]# cat /www/ftp/index.html
this is ftp
修改/etc/hosts的映射
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts
建立file网站
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
servername 'file'
documentroot /www/file
alias /file /www/file
allowoverride none
require all granted
建立https的ftp网站
[root@localhost ~]# openssl genrsa -aes128 2048 > /etc/pki/tls/private/sxhkt.key
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
............................................................................................................................................+++++
..............................................................................+++++e is 65537 (0x010001)
Enter pass phrase: #密码123456
Verifying - Enter pass phrase:
[root@localhost ~]# touch /etc/pki/tls/certs/sxhkt.crt
[root@localhost ~]# openssl req -utf8 -new -key /etc/pki/tls/private/sxhkt.key -x509 -days 365 -out /etc/pki/tls/certs/sxhkt.crt
Enter pass phrase for /etc/pki/tls/private/sxhkt.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:86
State or Province Name (full name) []:shanxi
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:xi'an
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:joker
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:linux
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:192.168.149.128
Email Address []:joker.com
编辑配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
sslengine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/sxhkt.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/sxhkt.key
servername 'ftp'
documentroot /www/ftp
alias /ftp /www/ftp # 设置别名访问二级目录
allowoverride none
require all granted
重启服务,测试
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd