331 Verify Preorder Serialization of a Binary Tree 验证二叉树的前序序列化
Description:
One way to serialize a binary tree is to use pre-order traversal. When we encounter a non-null node, we record the node's value. If it is a null node, we record using a sentinel value such as #.
_9_
/ \
3 2
/ \ / \
4 1 # 6
/ \ / \ / \
# # # # # #
For example, the above binary tree can be serialized to the string "9,3,4,#,#,1,#,#,2,#,6,#,#", where # represents a null node.
Given a string of comma separated values, verify whether it is a correct preorder traversal serialization of a binary tree. Find an algorithm without reconstructing the tree.
Each comma separated value in the string must be either an integer or a character '#' representing null pointer.
You may assume that the input format is always valid, for example it could never contain two consecutive commas such as "1,,3".
Example:
Example 1:
Input: "9,3,4,#,#,1,#,#,2,#,6,#,#"
Output: true
Example 2:
Input: "1,#"
Output: false
Example 3:
Input: "9,#,#,1"
Output: false
题目描述:
序列化二叉树的一种方法是使用前序遍历。当我们遇到一个非空节点时,我们可以记录下这个节点的值。如果它是一个空节点,我们可以使用一个标记值记录,例如 #。
_9_
/ \
3 2
/ \ / \
4 1 # 6
/ \ / \ / \
# # # # # #
例如,上面的二叉树可以被序列化为字符串 "9,3,4,#,#,1,#,#,2,#,6,#,#",其中 # 代表一个空节点。
给定一串以逗号分隔的序列,验证它是否是正确的二叉树的前序序列化。编写一个在不重构树的条件下的可行算法。
每个以逗号分隔的字符或为一个整数或为一个表示 null 指针的 '#' 。
你可以认为输入格式总是有效的,例如它永远不会包含两个连续的逗号,比如 "1,,3" 。
示例 :
示例 1:
输入: "9,3,4,#,#,1,#,#,2,#,6,#,#"
输出: true
示例 2:
输入: "1,#"
输出: false
示例 3:
输入: "9,#,#,1"
输出: false
思路:
记录 "#"的个数, 遍历过程中要比数字小
最后的个数比数字要多 1
时间复杂度O(n), 空间复杂度O(1)
代码:
C++:
class Solution
{
public:
bool isValidSerialization(string preorder)
{
int num = 0, zero = 0;
stringstream ss(preorder);
string node;
while (getline(ss, node, ','))
{
if (zero > num) return false;
if (node == "#") ++zero;
else ++num;
}
return (zero - num) == 1;
}
};
Java:
class Solution {
public boolean isValidSerialization(String preorder) {
int n = preorder.length(), num = 0;
for (int i = n - 1; i > -1; i--) {
if (preorder.charAt(i) == ',') continue;
if (preorder.charAt(i) == '#') ++num;
else {
while (i > -1 && preorder.charAt(i) != ',') --i;
if (num >= 2) --num;
else return false;
}
}
return num == 1;
}
}
Python:
class Solution:
def isValidSerialization(self, preorder: str) -> bool:
num = 1
for node in preorder.split(','):
num -= 1
if num < 0:
return False
if node != '#':
num += 2
return num == 0