转自:http://www.webjx.com/htmldata/2005-06-22/1119391090.html
在ASP.NET 2.0中,加入了许多新的功能和控件,相比asp.net 1.0/1.1,在各方面都有了很大的提高。其中,在数据控件方面,增加了不少控件,其中的Gridview控件功能十分强大。在本文中,将探讨Gridview控件中的一些功能特性和用法,如果各位读者对Gridview控件不大了解,可以通过《使用ASP.NET 2.0中的Gridview控件》一文,来对Gridview控件有个初步的认识。
1、使用Gridview插入新记录
在Gridview控件中,可以实现插入新记录的操作(见《使用ASP.NET 2.0中的Gridview控件》)一文,但如果想实现在Gridview中,实现在Gridview控件的最后一行,提供一个空白行给用户输入要输入的记录,那无疑是很方便的。下面将介绍其实现方法。
首先,我们打算在让用户进行选择,当用户需要新增一记录时,便点击新增按钮,之后在Gridview的最后一行里,显示一个空白行,让用户按字段进行输入,如下图所示:
当用户决定不输入新空白记录时,可以按"cancel"按钮返回,该空白行消失。要实现这样的效果,我们可以充分利用Gridview的footer的模版功能进行自定义,因为有3列,所以,在每一列的footer模版中,定义如下:
代码
<asp:Gridview ID
=
"
Gridview1
"
Runat
=
"
server
"
DataSourceID
=
"
SqlDataSource1
"
DataKeyNames
=
"
CustomerID
"
AutoGenerateColumns
=
"
False
"
ShowFooter
=
"
True
"
>
<Columns>
<asp:TemplateField>
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID
=
"
CustomerIDLabel
"
Runat
=
"
Server
"
><
%
# Eval(
"
CustomerID
"
)
%
><
/
asp:Label>
<
/
ItemTemplate>
<FooterTemplate>
<asp:TextBox ID
=
"
CustomerIDTextBox
"
Runat
=
"
server
"
><
/
asp:TextBox>
<
/
FooterTemplate>
<
/
asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField>
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID
=
"
CompanyNameLabel
"
Runat
=
"
Server
"
><
%
# Eval(
"
CompanyName
"
)
%
><
/
asp:Label>
<
/
ItemTemplate>
<FooterTemplate>
<asp:TextBox ID
=
"
CompanyNameTextBox
"
Runat
=
"
server
"
><
/
asp:TextBox>
<
/
FooterTemplate>
<
/
asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField>
<FooterTemplate>
<asp:DropDownList ID
=
"
ContactTitleDropDownList
"
Runat
=
"
server
"
DataSourceID
=
"
SqlDataSource2
"
DataTextField
=
"
ContactTitle
"
DataValueField
=
"
ContactTitle
"
>
<
/
asp:DropDownList>
<asp:SqlDataSource ID
=
"
SqlDataSource2
"
Runat
=
"
server
"
SelectCommand
=
"
SELECT DISTINCT [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers]
"
ConnectionString
=
"
server=localhost;uid=sa;password=xxx;database=northwind
"
>
<
/
asp:SqlDataSource>
<asp:Button ID
=
"
Button1
"
Runat
=
"
server
"
Text
=
"
Add
"
OnClick
=
"
Button1_Click
"
/
>
<asp:Button ID
=
"
CancelButton1
"
Runat
=
"
server
"
Text
=
"
Cancel
"
OnClick
=
"
CancelButton1_Click
"
/
>
<
/
FooterTemplate>
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:DropDownList ID
=
"
ContactTitleDropDown
"
SelectedValue
=
’<
%
# Bind(
"
ContactTitle
"
)
%
>’ Runat
=
"
Server
"
DataSourceID
=
"
SqlDataSource3
"
DataTextField
=
"
ContactTitle
"
DataValueField
=
"
ContactTitle
"
><
/
asp:DropDownList>
<asp:SqlDataSource ID
=
"
SqlDataSource3
"
Runat
=
"
server
"
SelectCommand
=
"
SELECT DISTINCT [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers]
"
ConnectionString
=
"
server=localhost;uid=sa;password=xxxx;database=northwind
"
EnableCaching
=
"
True
"
>
<
/
asp:SqlDataSource>
<
/
ItemTemplate>
<
/
asp:TemplateField>
<
/
Columns>
<
/
asp:Gridview>
以上为Gridview的代码,可以看到,在第一,二列的<foottemplate>列中,分别提供了customerid和companyname两个文本框以供用户输入,在第三列的<footertemplate>列中,以dropdownlistbox的形式来显示contracttitle.。其中,请注意第三列的footertemplate中的add和cancel两个按钮的,它们的事件代码如下
代码
<script runat
=
"
server
"
>
void
CancelButton1_Click(
object
sender, EventArgs e)
{
Gridview1.ShowFooter
=
false
;
}
void
AddButton1_Click(
object
sender, EventArgs e)
{
Gridview1.ShowFooter
=
true
;
}
//
点add按钮时,将新增的记录更新到数据库中去
void
Button1_Click(
object
sender, EventArgs e)
{
TextBox customerID
=
Gridview1.FooterRow.FindControl(
"
CustomerIDTextBox
"
)
as
TextBox;
TextBox companyName
=
Gridview1.FooterRow.FindControl(
"
CompanyNameTextBox
"
)
as
TextBox;
DropDownList ContactTitle
=
Gridview1.FooterRow.FindControl(
"
ContactTitleDropDownList
"
)
as
DropDownList;
SqlDataSource1.InsertParameters[
"
CustomerID
"
].DefaultValue
=
customerID.Text;
SqlDataSource1.InsertParameters[
"
CompanyName
"
].DefaultValue
=
companyName.Text;
SqlDataSource1.InsertParameters[
"
ContactTitle
"
].DefaultValue
=
ContactTitle.SelectedValue;
SqlDataSource1.Insert();
}
<
/
script>
其中的cancel按钮的事件,用来取消显示Gridview的footer模版,因此设置showfooter属性为false,而addbutton1按钮,是当用户决定新增记录时点选的,此时将设置showfooter属性为true,以显示各列的foottemplate,从而达到显示新的一个空白行的目的。
而在更新代码button1_click事件中,将首先使用Gridview1.footerrow.findcontrol的方法,将用户新增的各字段的值提取出来,然后分别赋值给sqldatasource的insertparameters集合(注意要一一对应),最后使用sqldatasource的insert方法,就可以成功向数据库增加一条新记录了。
另外,为了在窗体加载时,显示数据库northwind中customers表的数据,需要设置sqldatsource1的属性,如下代码:
代码
<asp:SqlDataSource ID
=
"
SqlDataSource1
"
Runat
=
"
server
"
InsertCommand
=
"
INSERT INTO [Customers] ([CustomerID], [CompanyName], [ContactTitle]) VALUES (@CustomerID, @CompanyName, @ContactTitle)
"
SelectCommand
=
"
SELECT top 5 [CustomerID], [CompanyName], [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers]
"
ConnectionString
=
"
server=localhost;uid=sa;password=XXXXX;database=northwind
"
>
<InsertParameters>
<asp:Parameter Type
=
"
String
"
Name
=
"
CustomerID
"
><
/
asp:Parameter>
<asp:Parameter Type
=
"
String
"
Name
=
"
CompanyName
"
><
/
asp:Parameter>
<asp:Parameter Type
=
"
String
"
Name
=
"
ContactTitle
"
><
/
asp:Parameter>
<
/
InsertParameters>
<
/
asp:SqlDataSource>
其中,必须设置insertcommand和selectcommand属性,设置数据提取和插入的语句,并且要设置好insertparameters集合中,各字段的类型和名称即可。
2、一次性更新所有的Gridview记录
我们经常会遇到这样的情况,在Gridview中列出的所有记录中,有时要同时修改多条记录,并且将其保存到数据库中去。那么在Gridview中应该如何实现呢?在Gridview中,有两种实现的方法,下面分别进行介绍:
先来看下第一种方法,本方法是使用sqldatasource来更新所有记录,但这个方法比较慢,因为每更新一条记录都要建立数据连接并执行updatecommand,会影响性能。其主要代码如下:
代码
<script runat
=
"
server
"
>
void
Button1_Click(
object
sender, EventArgs e)
{
for
(
int
i
=
0
; i < Gridview1.Rows.Count; i
++
)
{
GridviewRow row
=
Gridview1.Rows[i];
SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters[
0
].DefaultValue
=
((TextBox)row.Cells[
0
].FindControl(
"
TextBox2
"
)).Text;
SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters[
1
].DefaultValue
=
((TextBox)row.Cells[
1
].FindControl(
"
TextBox3
"
)).Text;
SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters[
2
].DefaultValue
=
Gridview1.DataKeys[i].Value.ToString();
SqlDataSource1.Update();
}
}
<
/
script>
<html xmlns
=
"
http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml
"
>
<head id
=
"
Head1
"
runat
=
"
server
"
>
<title>Untitled Page<
/
title>
<
/
head>
<body>
<form id
=
"
form1
"
runat
=
"
server
"
>
<div>
<asp:Gridview ID
=
"
Gridview1
"
Runat
=
"
server
"
DataSourceID
=
"
SqlDataSource1
"
DataKeyNames
=
"
CustomerID
"
AutoGenerateColumns
=
"
False
"
>
<Columns>
<asp:TemplateField SortExpression
=
"
CustomerID
"
HeaderText
=
"
CustomerID
"
>
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:TextBox Runat
=
"
server
"
Text
=
’<
%
# Bind(
"
CustomerID
"
)
%
>’ ID
=
"
TextBox1
"
><
/
asp:TextBox>
<
/
ItemTemplate>
<
/
asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField SortExpression
=
"
CompanyName
"
HeaderText
=
"
CompanyName
"
>
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:TextBox Runat
=
"
server
"
Text
=
’<
%
# Bind(
"
CompanyName
"
)
%
>’ ID
=
"
TextBox2
"
><
/
asp:TextBox>
<
/
ItemTemplate>
<
/
asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField SortExpression
=
"
ContactName
"
HeaderText
=
"
ContactTitle
"
>
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:TextBox Runat
=
"
server
"
Text
=
’<
%
# Bind(
"
ContactTitle
"
)
%
>’ ID
=
"
TextBox3
"
><
/
asp:TextBox>
<
/
ItemTemplate>
<
/
asp:TemplateField>
<
/
Columns>
<
/
asp:Gridview>
<asp:SqlDataSource ID
=
"
SqlDataSource1
"
Runat
=
"
server
"
SelectCommand
=
"
SELECT [CustomerID], [CompanyName], [ContactName], [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers]
"
UpdateCommand
=
"
UPDATE [Customers] SET [CompanyName] = @CompanyName, [ContactTitle] = @ContactTitle WHERE [CustomerID] = @CustomerID
"
ConnectionString
=
"
server=localhost;uid=sa;password=xxxx;database=northwind
"
>
<UpdateParameters>
<asp:Parameter Type
=
"
String
"
Name
=
"
CompanyName
"
><
/
asp:Parameter>
<asp:Parameter Type
=
"
String
"
Name
=
"
ContactTitle
"
><
/
asp:Parameter>
<asp:Parameter Type
=
"
String
"
Name
=
"
CustomerID
"
><
/
asp:Parameter>
<
/
UpdateParameters>
<
/
asp:SqlDataSource>
<asp:Button ID
=
"
Button1
"
Runat
=
"
server
"
Text
=
"
Button
"
OnClick
=
"
Button1_Click
"
/
>
<
/
div>
<
/
form>
<
/
body>
<
/
html>
在上面的代码中,我们必须首先指定updateparameters参数集合,也就是指出要更新的是哪些字段,它们的类型是什么。之后并指出sqldatasource的updatecommand语句。而在更新按钮button1的CLICK事件中,将以遍历的形式,使用for循环,对Gridview中的每一行进行检查,将每个更新了的文本框的内容放到sqldatasouce的updateparameters参数中去,最后调用sqldatasource的update方法,完成更新。
方法2使用的是首先遍历Gridview中的每一行,并且使用SQL语句,将要更新的内容连接起来,然后最后才使用command.ExecuteNonQuery()进行更新,效率高了,主要代码如下:
代码
protected
void
Page_Load(
object
sender, EventArgs e)
{
if
(
!
Page.IsPostBack)
{
SqlConnection con
=
new
SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[
"
AppConnectionString1
"
].ConnectionString);
SqlCommand command
=
new
SqlCommand(
"
SELECT [CustomerID], [CompanyName], [ContactName], [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers]
"
, con);
con.Open();
Gridview1.DataSource
=
command.ExecuteReader();
Gridview1.DataBind();
con.Close();
}
}
protected
void
Button1_Click(
object
sender, EventArgs e)
{
StringBuilder query
=
new
StringBuilder();
for
(
int
i
=
0
; i < Gridview1.Rows.Count; i
++
)
{
GridviewRow row
=
Gridview1.Rows[i];
string
value1
=
((TextBox)row.Cells[
0
].FindControl(
"
TextBox2
"
)).Text.Replace(
"
’
"
,
"
’’
"
);
string
value2
=
((TextBox)row.Cells[
1
].FindControl(
"
TextBox3
"
)).Text.Replace(
"
’
"
,
"
’’
"
);
string
value3
=
Gridview1.DataKeys[i].Value.ToString();
query.Append(
"
UPDATE [Customers] SET [CompanyName] = ’
"
).Append(value1).Append(
"
’ , [ContactTitle] = ’
"
)
.Append(value2).Append(
"
’ WHERE [CustomerID] = ’
"
).Append(value3).Append(
"
’;\n
"
);
}
SqlConnection con
=
new
SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[
"
AppConnectionString1
"
].ConnectionString);
SqlCommand command
=
new
SqlCommand(query.ToString(), con);
con.Open();
command.ExecuteNonQuery();
con.Close();
}
}
其中要特别注意一点的是,在vs.net 2005 beta 2开始,如果你在web.config中使用了数据库连接字符串的配置,那么应该按如下的方法去写:
<connectionStrings>
<add name
=
"
NorthwindConnectionString
"
connectionString
=
"
Data Source=LIAO;Initial Catalog=Northwind;User ID=sa;Password=xxxx
"
providerName
=
"
System.Data.SqlClient
"
/
>
<
/
connectionStrings>
然后在程序中如下进行读取:
SqlConnection con
=
new
SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[
"
AppConnectionString1
"
].ConnectionString);