[转]ASP.NET2.0中用Gridview控件操作数据(包含在表格中插入空行)

转自:http://www.webjx.com/htmldata/2005-06-22/1119391090.html

 

在ASP.NET 2.0中,加入了许多新的功能和控件,相比asp.net 1.0/1.1,在各方面都有了很大的提高。其中,在数据控件方面,增加了不少控件,其中的Gridview控件功能十分强大。在本文中,将探讨Gridview控件中的一些功能特性和用法,如果各位读者对Gridview控件不大了解,可以通过《使用ASP.NET 2.0中的Gridview控件》一文,来对Gridview控件有个初步的认识。

  1、使用Gridview插入新记录

  在Gridview控件中,可以实现插入新记录的操作(见《使用ASP.NET 2.0中的Gridview控件》)一文,但如果想实现在Gridview中,实现在Gridview控件的最后一行,提供一个空白行给用户输入要输入的记录,那无疑是很方便的。下面将介绍其实现方法。

  首先,我们打算在让用户进行选择,当用户需要新增一记录时,便点击新增按钮,之后在Gridview的最后一行里,显示一个空白行,让用户按字段进行输入,如下图所示:


 当用户决定不输入新空白记录时,可以按"cancel"按钮返回,该空白行消失。要实现这样的效果,我们可以充分利用Gridview的footer的模版功能进行自定义,因为有3列,所以,在每一列的footer模版中,定义如下:

 

代码
<asp:Gridview ID = " Gridview1 "  Runat = " server "  DataSourceID = " SqlDataSource1 "  DataKeyNames = " CustomerID "  AutoGenerateColumns = " False "  ShowFooter = " True "
<Columns>
 <asp:TemplateField>
  <ItemTemplate>
   <asp:Label ID
= " CustomerIDLabel "  Runat = " Server " >< % # Eval( " CustomerID " % >< / asp:Label>
  <
/ ItemTemplate>
  <FooterTemplate>
   <asp:TextBox ID
= " CustomerIDTextBox "  Runat = " server " >< / asp:TextBox>
  <
/ FooterTemplate>
 <
/ asp:TemplateField>

 <asp:TemplateField>
  <ItemTemplate>
   <asp:Label ID
= " CompanyNameLabel "  Runat = " Server " >< % # Eval( " CompanyName " % >< / asp:Label>
  <
/ ItemTemplate>
  <FooterTemplate>
   <asp:TextBox ID
= " CompanyNameTextBox "  Runat = " server " >< / asp:TextBox>
  <
/ FooterTemplate>
 <
/ asp:TemplateField>

 <asp:TemplateField>
  <FooterTemplate>
   <asp:DropDownList ID
= " ContactTitleDropDownList "  Runat = " server "  DataSourceID = " SqlDataSource2 "  DataTextField = " ContactTitle "  DataValueField = " ContactTitle "
   <
/ asp:DropDownList>
   <asp:SqlDataSource ID
= " SqlDataSource2 "  Runat = " server "  SelectCommand = " SELECT DISTINCT [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers] "
ConnectionString
= " server=localhost;uid=sa;password=xxx;database=northwind "
   <
/ asp:SqlDataSource>

   <asp:Button ID
= " Button1 "  Runat = " server "  Text = " Add "  OnClick = " Button1_Click "   / > 
   <asp:Button ID
= " CancelButton1 "  Runat = " server "  Text = " Cancel "  OnClick = " CancelButton1_Click "   / > 
  <
/ FooterTemplate>

 <ItemTemplate>
  <asp:DropDownList ID
= " ContactTitleDropDown "  SelectedValue = ’< % # Bind( " ContactTitle " % >’ Runat = " Server "  DataSourceID = " SqlDataSource3 "  DataTextField = " ContactTitle "  DataValueField = " ContactTitle "  >< / asp:DropDownList>
  <asp:SqlDataSource ID
= " SqlDataSource3 "  Runat = " server "  SelectCommand = " SELECT DISTINCT [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers] "
ConnectionString
= " server=localhost;uid=sa;password=xxxx;database=northwind "  EnableCaching = " True "
  <
/ asp:SqlDataSource>
 <
/ ItemTemplate>
 <
/ asp:TemplateField>
/ Columns>
/ asp:Gridview>

 


  以上为Gridview的代码,可以看到,在第一,二列的<foottemplate>列中,分别提供了customerid和companyname两个文本框以供用户输入,在第三列的<footertemplate>列中,以dropdownlistbox的形式来显示contracttitle.。其中,请注意第三列的footertemplate中的add和cancel两个按钮的,它们的事件代码如下

代码


<script runat
= " server " > 
void  CancelButton1_Click( object  sender, EventArgs e) 

 Gridview1.ShowFooter 
=   false ;

void  AddButton1_Click( object  sender, EventArgs e) 

 Gridview1.ShowFooter 
=   true ;
}

 
// 点add按钮时,将新增的记录更新到数据库中去
void  Button1_Click( object  sender, EventArgs e)

 TextBox customerID 
=  Gridview1.FooterRow.FindControl( " CustomerIDTextBox " as  TextBox; 
 TextBox companyName 
=  Gridview1.FooterRow.FindControl( " CompanyNameTextBox " as  TextBox;
 DropDownList ContactTitle 
=  Gridview1.FooterRow.FindControl( " ContactTitleDropDownList " as  DropDownList;
 SqlDataSource1.InsertParameters[
" CustomerID " ].DefaultValue  =  customerID.Text;
 SqlDataSource1.InsertParameters[
" CompanyName " ].DefaultValue  =  companyName.Text;  
 SqlDataSource1.InsertParameters[
" ContactTitle " ].DefaultValue = ContactTitle.SelectedValue;
 SqlDataSource1.Insert();
}
/ script>

 

 

  其中的cancel按钮的事件,用来取消显示Gridview的footer模版,因此设置showfooter属性为false,而addbutton1按钮,是当用户决定新增记录时点选的,此时将设置showfooter属性为true,以显示各列的foottemplate,从而达到显示新的一个空白行的目的。

  而在更新代码button1_click事件中,将首先使用Gridview1.footerrow.findcontrol的方法,将用户新增的各字段的值提取出来,然后分别赋值给sqldatasource的insertparameters集合(注意要一一对应),最后使用sqldatasource的insert方法,就可以成功向数据库增加一条新记录了。

  另外,为了在窗体加载时,显示数据库northwind中customers表的数据,需要设置sqldatsource1的属性,如下代码:

代码
<asp:SqlDataSource ID = " SqlDataSource1 "  Runat = " server "
InsertCommand
= " INSERT INTO [Customers] ([CustomerID], [CompanyName], [ContactTitle]) VALUES (@CustomerID, @CompanyName, @ContactTitle) "
SelectCommand
= " SELECT top 5 [CustomerID], [CompanyName], [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers] "
ConnectionString
= " server=localhost;uid=sa;password=XXXXX;database=northwind "
<InsertParameters>
<asp:Parameter Type
= " String "  Name = " CustomerID " >< / asp:Parameter>
<asp:Parameter Type
= " String "  Name = " CompanyName " >< / asp:Parameter>
<asp:Parameter Type
= " String "  Name = " ContactTitle " >< / asp:Parameter>
/ InsertParameters>
/ asp:SqlDataSource>

 

 


  其中,必须设置insertcommand和selectcommand属性,设置数据提取和插入的语句,并且要设置好insertparameters集合中,各字段的类型和名称即可。

  2、一次性更新所有的Gridview记录

  我们经常会遇到这样的情况,在Gridview中列出的所有记录中,有时要同时修改多条记录,并且将其保存到数据库中去。那么在Gridview中应该如何实现呢?在Gridview中,有两种实现的方法,下面分别进行介绍:

  先来看下第一种方法,本方法是使用sqldatasource来更新所有记录,但这个方法比较慢,因为每更新一条记录都要建立数据连接并执行updatecommand,会影响性能。其主要代码如下:

代码



<script runat
= " server " > 
void  Button1_Click( object  sender, EventArgs e) 

 
for  ( int  i  =   0 ; i < Gridview1.Rows.Count; i ++
 { 
  GridviewRow row 
=  Gridview1.Rows[i]; 
  SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters[
0 ].DefaultValue  =  ((TextBox)row.Cells[ 0 ].FindControl( " TextBox2 " )).Text; 
  SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters[
1 ].DefaultValue  =  ((TextBox)row.Cells[ 1 ].FindControl( " TextBox3 " )).Text; 
  SqlDataSource1.UpdateParameters[
2 ].DefaultValue  =  Gridview1.DataKeys[i].Value.ToString(); 
  SqlDataSource1.Update(); 
 } 

/ script> 
<html xmlns
= " http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml "  > 
<head id
= " Head1 "  runat = " server " > 
<title>Untitled Page<
/ title> 
/ head> 
<body> 
 <form id
= " form1 "  runat = " server " > 
 <div> 
 <asp:Gridview ID
= " Gridview1 "  Runat = " server "  DataSourceID = " SqlDataSource1 "  DataKeyNames = " CustomerID "  AutoGenerateColumns = " False " > 
 <Columns> 
 <asp:TemplateField SortExpression
= " CustomerID "  HeaderText = " CustomerID " > 
 <ItemTemplate> 
  <asp:TextBox Runat
= " server "  Text = ’< % # Bind( " CustomerID " % >’ ID = " TextBox1 " >< / asp:TextBox> 
 <
/ ItemTemplate> 

 <
/ asp:TemplateField> 
  <asp:TemplateField SortExpression
= " CompanyName "  HeaderText = " CompanyName " > 
  <ItemTemplate> 
   <asp:TextBox Runat
= " server "  Text = ’< % # Bind( " CompanyName " % >’ ID = " TextBox2 " >< / asp:TextBox> 
  <
/ ItemTemplate> 
 <
/ asp:TemplateField> 

 <asp:TemplateField SortExpression
= " ContactName "  HeaderText = " ContactTitle " > 
  <ItemTemplate> 
   <asp:TextBox Runat
= " server "  Text = ’< % # Bind( " ContactTitle " % >’ ID = " TextBox3 " >< / asp:TextBox> 
  <
/ ItemTemplate> 
 <
/ asp:TemplateField> 
 <
/ Columns> 

 <
/ asp:Gridview> 
<asp:SqlDataSource ID
= " SqlDataSource1 "  Runat = " server "  
SelectCommand
= " SELECT [CustomerID], [CompanyName], [ContactName], [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers] "  
UpdateCommand
= " UPDATE [Customers] SET [CompanyName] = @CompanyName, [ContactTitle] = @ContactTitle WHERE [CustomerID] = @CustomerID "  
ConnectionString
= " server=localhost;uid=sa;password=xxxx;database=northwind " > 
<UpdateParameters> 
<asp:Parameter Type
= " String "  Name = " CompanyName " >< / asp:Parameter> 
<asp:Parameter Type
= " String "  Name = " ContactTitle " >< / asp:Parameter> 
<asp:Parameter Type
= " String "  Name = " CustomerID " >< / asp:Parameter> 
/ UpdateParameters> 
/ asp:SqlDataSource> 
<asp:Button ID
= " Button1 "  Runat = " server "  Text = " Button "  OnClick = " Button1_Click "   /
/ div> 
/ form> 
/ body> 
/ html> 

 


  在上面的代码中,我们必须首先指定updateparameters参数集合,也就是指出要更新的是哪些字段,它们的类型是什么。之后并指出sqldatasource的updatecommand语句。而在更新按钮button1的CLICK事件中,将以遍历的形式,使用for循环,对Gridview中的每一行进行检查,将每个更新了的文本框的内容放到sqldatasouce的updateparameters参数中去,最后调用sqldatasource的update方法,完成更新。

  方法2使用的是首先遍历Gridview中的每一行,并且使用SQL语句,将要更新的内容连接起来,然后最后才使用command.ExecuteNonQuery()进行更新,效率高了,主要代码如下:

代码
protected   void  Page_Load( object  sender, EventArgs e)
{

if  ( ! Page.IsPostBack)
{
 SqlConnection con 
=   new  SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[ " AppConnectionString1 " ].ConnectionString);
 SqlCommand command 
=   new  SqlCommand( " SELECT [CustomerID], [CompanyName], [ContactName], [ContactTitle] FROM [Customers] " , con);
 con.Open();
 Gridview1.DataSource 
=  command.ExecuteReader();
 Gridview1.DataBind();
 con.Close();

}
protected   void  Button1_Click( object  sender, EventArgs e)
{
 StringBuilder query 
=   new  StringBuilder();
 
for  ( int  i  =   0 ; i < Gridview1.Rows.Count; i ++ )
 {
  GridviewRow row 
=  Gridview1.Rows[i];
  
string  value1  =  ((TextBox)row.Cells[ 0 ].FindControl( " TextBox2 " )).Text.Replace( " " " ’’ " );
  
string  value2  =  ((TextBox)row.Cells[ 1 ].FindControl( " TextBox3 " )).Text.Replace( " " " ’’ " );
  
string  value3  =  Gridview1.DataKeys[i].Value.ToString();
  query.Append(
" UPDATE [Customers] SET [CompanyName] = ’ " ).Append(value1).Append( " ’ , [ContactTitle] = ’ " )
.Append(value2).Append(
" ’ WHERE [CustomerID] = ’ " ).Append(value3).Append( " ’;\n " );
 }

 SqlConnection con 
=   new  SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[ " AppConnectionString1 " ].ConnectionString);
 SqlCommand command 
=   new  SqlCommand(query.ToString(), con);
 con.Open();
 command.ExecuteNonQuery();
 con.Close(); 
}
}

 


  其中要特别注意一点的是,在vs.net 2005 beta 2开始,如果你在web.config中使用了数据库连接字符串的配置,那么应该按如下的方法去写:

<connectionStrings>
<add name
= " NorthwindConnectionString "  connectionString = " Data Source=LIAO;Initial Catalog=Northwind;User ID=sa;Password=xxxx "  providerName = " System.Data.SqlClient " /
/ connectionStrings>

 

  然后在程序中如下进行读取:

 

SqlConnection con  =   new  SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[ " AppConnectionString1 " ].ConnectionString);

 

 

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