ARM DIY(九)陀螺仪调试

前言

今天调试六轴陀螺仪 MPU6050

硬件

硬件很简单,使用 I2C 接口,并且没有使用中断引脚。
焊接上 MPU6050 芯片和上拉电阻、滤波电容。
ARM DIY(九)陀螺仪调试_第1张图片

检测

MPU6050 是挂在 I2C-0 上的,I2C-0 控制器的驱动已 OK,所以直接使用 I2C-0 检测 MPU6050 是否存在

# i2cdetect -y 0
     0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f
00:                         -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
20: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
50: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 68 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

MPU6050 的地址是 0x68,在 I2C-0 总线上检测到了,说明硬件焊接 OK

读取温度

按照之前写的一篇文章《Banana Pi M1 读取 MPU6050(Shell 脚本方式)》,使用 shell 脚本方式读取温度

# ./mpu6050.sh 
34.7034.8434.8934.9835.0335.7335.0835.1235.1235.2635.1735.3635.3135.2635.3635.31

驱动

一开始使用内核自带的 IIO 驱动,发现只能在 /sys/ 目录下读取相应的坐标值,读取 /dev/iio:device0 有问题,并且需要配置中断引脚才能编译通过。所以就不使用内核自带的驱动了。网上找了个 6050 的驱动
arch/arm/boot/dts/sun8i-v3s-licheepi-zero-dock.dts

&i2c0 {
	pinctrl-0 = <&i2c0_pins>;
	pinctrl-names = "default";
	clock-frequency = <400000>;
	status = "okay";

	mpu6050_2: accelerometer@68_2 {
		compatible = "lyj,mpu6050";
		reg = <0x68>;
		status = "okay";
	};
};

i2c_mpu6050.c

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "i2c_mpu6050.h"

/*------------------字符设备内容----------------------*/
#define DEV_NAME "I2C1_mpu6050"
#define DEV_CNT (1)

/*定义 led 资源结构体,保存获取得到的节点信息以及转换后的虚拟寄存器地址*/
static dev_t mpu6050_devno;				 //定义字符设备的设备号
static struct cdev mpu6050_chr_dev;		 //定义字符设备结构体chr_dev
struct class *class_mpu6050;			 //保存创建的类
struct device *device_mpu6050;			 // 保存创建的设备
struct device_node *mpu6050_device_node; //rgb_led的设备树节点结构体

/*------------------IIC设备内容----------------------*/
struct i2c_client *mpu6050_client = NULL; //保存mpu6050设备对应的i2c_client结构体,匹配成功后由.prob函数带回。

/*通过i2c 向mpu6050写入数据
*mpu6050_client:mpu6050的i2c_client结构体。
*address, 数据要写入的地址,
*data, 要写入的数据
*返回值,错误,-1。成功,0  
*/
static int i2c_write_mpu6050(struct i2c_client *mpu6050_client, u8 address, u8 data)
{
	int error = 0;
	u8 write_data[2];
	struct i2c_msg send_msg; //要发送的数据结构体

	/*设置要发送的数据*/
	write_data[0] = address;
	write_data[1] = data;

	/*发送 iic要写入的地址 reg*/
	send_msg.addr = mpu6050_client->addr; //mpu6050在 iic 总线上的地址
	send_msg.flags = 0;					  //标记为发送数据
	send_msg.buf = write_data;			  //写入的首地址
	send_msg.len = 2;					  //reg长度

	/*执行发送*/
	error = i2c_transfer(mpu6050_client->adapter, &send_msg, 1);
	if (error != 1)
	{
		printk(KERN_DEBUG "\n i2c_transfer error \n");
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*通过i2c 向mpu6050写入数据
*mpu6050_client:mpu6050的i2c_client结构体。
*address, 要读取的地址,
*data,保存读取得到的数据
*length,读长度
*返回值,错误,-1。成功,0
*/
static int i2c_read_mpu6050(struct i2c_client *mpu6050_client, u8 address, void *data, u32 length)
{
	int error = 0;
	u8 address_data = address;
	struct i2c_msg mpu6050_msg[2];

	/*设置读取位置msg*/
	mpu6050_msg[0].addr = mpu6050_client->addr; //mpu6050在 iic 总线上的地址
	mpu6050_msg[0].flags = 0;					//标记为发送数据
	mpu6050_msg[0].buf = &address_data;			//写入的首地址
	mpu6050_msg[0].len = 1;						//写入长度

	/*设置读取位置msg*/
	mpu6050_msg[1].addr = mpu6050_client->addr; //mpu6050在 iic 总线上的地址
	mpu6050_msg[1].flags = I2C_M_RD;			//标记为读取数据
	mpu6050_msg[1].buf = data;					//读取得到的数据保存位置
	mpu6050_msg[1].len = length;				//读取长度

	error = i2c_transfer(mpu6050_client->adapter, mpu6050_msg, 2);
	if (error != 2) {
		printk(KERN_DEBUG "\n i2c_read_mpu6050 error \n");
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*初始化i2c
*返回值,成功,返回0。失败,返回 -1
*/
static int mpu6050_init(void)
{
	int error = 0;

	/*配置mpu6050*/
	error += i2c_write_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, PWR_MGMT_1, 0X00);
	error += i2c_write_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, SMPLRT_DIV, 0X07);
	error += i2c_write_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, CONFIG, 0X06);
	error += i2c_write_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, ACCEL_CONFIG, 0X01);
	if (error < 0) {
		/*初始化错误*/
		printk(KERN_DEBUG "\n mpu6050_init error \n");
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*字符设备操作函数集,open函数实现*/
static int mpu6050_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	// printk("\n mpu6050_open \n");

	/*向 mpu6050 发送配置数据,让mpu6050处于正常工作状态*/
	mpu6050_init();

	return 0;
}

/*字符设备操作函数集,.read函数实现*/
static ssize_t mpu6050_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *off)
{
	char data_H;
	char data_L;
	int error;
	short mpu6050_result[6]; //保存mpu6050转换得到的原始数据

	// printk("\n mpu6050_read \n");
	
	i2c_read_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, ACCEL_XOUT_H, &data_H, 1);
	i2c_read_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, ACCEL_XOUT_L, &data_L, 1);
	mpu6050_result[0] = data_H << 8;
	mpu6050_result[0] += data_L;

	i2c_read_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, ACCEL_YOUT_H, &data_H, 1);
	i2c_read_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, ACCEL_YOUT_L, &data_L, 1);
	mpu6050_result[1] = data_H << 8;
    mpu6050_result[1] += data_L;

	i2c_read_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, ACCEL_ZOUT_H, &data_H, 1);
	i2c_read_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, ACCEL_ZOUT_L, &data_L, 1);
	mpu6050_result[2] = data_H << 8;
	mpu6050_result[2] += data_L;

	i2c_read_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, GYRO_XOUT_H, &data_H, 1);
	i2c_read_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, GYRO_XOUT_L, &data_L, 1);
	mpu6050_result[3] = data_H << 8;
	mpu6050_result[3] += data_L;

	i2c_read_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, GYRO_YOUT_H, &data_H, 1);
	i2c_read_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, GYRO_YOUT_L, &data_L, 1);
	mpu6050_result[4] = data_H << 8;
	mpu6050_result[4] += data_L;

	i2c_read_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, GYRO_ZOUT_H, &data_H, 1);
	i2c_read_mpu6050(mpu6050_client, GYRO_ZOUT_L, &data_L, 1);
	mpu6050_result[5] = data_H << 8;
	mpu6050_result[5] += data_L;


	// printk("AX=%d, AY=%d, AZ=%d \n",(int)mpu6050_result[0],(int)mpu6050_result[1],(int)mpu6050_result[2]);
	// printk("GX=%d, GY=%d, GZ=%d \n \n",(int)mpu6050_result[3],(int)mpu6050_result[4],(int)mpu6050_result[5]);

	/*将读取得到的数据拷贝到用户空间*/
	error = copy_to_user(buf, mpu6050_result, cnt);
	if(error != 0) {
		printk("copy_to_user error!");
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*字符设备操作函数集,.release函数实现*/
static int mpu6050_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	// printk("\n mpu6050_release \n");
	
	/*向mpu6050发送命令,使mpu6050进入关机状态*/
	return 0;
}

/*字符设备操作函数集*/
static struct file_operations mpu6050_chr_dev_fops = {
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.open = mpu6050_open,
	.read = mpu6050_read,
	.release = mpu6050_release,
};

/*----------------平台驱动函数集-----------------*/
static int mpu6050_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id)
{
	int ret = -1; //保存错误状态码

	printk(KERN_EMERG "\t  match successed  \n");
	/*---------------------注册 字符设备部分-----------------*/

	//采用动态分配的方式,获取设备编号,次设备号为0,
	//设备名称为rgb-leds,可通过命令cat  /proc/devices查看
	//DEV_CNT为1,当前只申请一个设备编号
	ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&mpu6050_devno, 0, DEV_CNT, DEV_NAME);
	if (ret < 0) {
		printk("fail to alloc mpu6050_devno\n");
		goto alloc_err;
	}

	//关联字符设备结构体cdev与文件操作结构体file_operations
	mpu6050_chr_dev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
	cdev_init(&mpu6050_chr_dev, &mpu6050_chr_dev_fops);

	// 添加设备至cdev_map散列表中
	ret = cdev_add(&mpu6050_chr_dev, mpu6050_devno, DEV_CNT);
	if (ret < 0) {
		printk("fail to add cdev\n");
		goto add_err;
	}

	/*创建类 */
	class_mpu6050 = class_create(THIS_MODULE, DEV_NAME);

	/*创建设备 DEV_NAME 指定设备名,*/
	device_mpu6050 = device_create(class_mpu6050, NULL, mpu6050_devno, NULL, DEV_NAME);
	mpu6050_client = client;
	return 0;

add_err:
	// 添加设备失败时,需要注销设备号
	unregister_chrdev_region(mpu6050_devno, DEV_CNT);
	printk("\n error! \n");
alloc_err:

	return -1;
}

static int mpu6050_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
{
	/*删除设备*/
	device_destroy(class_mpu6050, mpu6050_devno);	  //清除设备
	class_destroy(class_mpu6050);					  //清除类
	cdev_del(&mpu6050_chr_dev);						  //清除设备号
	unregister_chrdev_region(mpu6050_devno, DEV_CNT); //取消注册字符设备
	return 0;
}



/*定义ID 匹配表*/
static const struct i2c_device_id gtp_device_id[] = {
	{"lyj,mpu6050", 0},
	{},
};

/*定义设备树匹配表*/
static const struct of_device_id mpu6050_of_match_table[] = {
	{.compatible = "lyj,mpu6050"},
	{/* sentinel */},
};

/*定义i2c总线设备结构体*/
struct i2c_driver mpu6050_driver = {
	.probe = mpu6050_probe,
	.remove = mpu6050_remove,
	.id_table = gtp_device_id,
	.driver = {
		.name = "lyj,mpu6050",
		.owner = THIS_MODULE,
		.of_match_table = mpu6050_of_match_table,
	},
};

/*
*驱动初始化函数
*/
static int __init mpu6050_driver_init(void)
{
	int ret;
	pr_info("mpu6050_driver_init\n");
	ret = i2c_add_driver(&mpu6050_driver);
	return ret;
}

/*
*驱动注销函数
*/
static void __exit mpu6050_driver_exit(void)
{
	pr_info("mpu6050_driver_exit\n");
	i2c_del_driver(&mpu6050_driver);
}

module_init(mpu6050_driver_init);
module_exit(mpu6050_driver_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

test_app.c

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int error;
	short resive_data[6]; //保存收到的 mpu6050转换结果数据,依次为 AX(x轴角度), AY, AZ 。GX(x轴加速度), GY ,GZ

	/*打开文件*/
	int fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
	if (fd < 0) {
		printf("open file : %s failed !\n", argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}

	/*读取数据*/
	while (1) {
		error = read(fd, resive_data, 12);
		if (error < 0) {
			printf("write file error! \n");
			close(fd);
			/*判断是否关闭成功*/
		}

		/*打印数据*/
		printf("AX = %6d, AY = %6d, AZ = %6d", (int)resive_data[0], (int)resive_data[1], (int)resive_data[2]);
		printf("\t\tGX = %6d, GY = %6d, GZ = %6d\n", (int)resive_data[3], (int)resive_data[4], (int)resive_data[5]);

		sleep(1);
	}

	/*关闭文件*/
	error = close(fd);
	if (error < 0) {
		printf("close file error! \n");
	}

	return 0;
}

Makefile

obj-m = i2c_mpu6050.o
APP = test_app

KDIR=/home/liyongjun/project/board/buildroot/DIY_V3S/build/linux-5.3.5
CROSS_COMPILE=/home/liyongjun/project/board/buildroot/DIY_V3S/host/bin/arm-buildroot-linux-gnueabihf-

all:
	make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$(CROSS_COMPILE) modules
	$(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc -o $(APP) test_app.c

clean:
	make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=$(CROSS_COMPILE) clean
	rm $(APP)

测试

安装驱动,运行 APP,转动陀螺仪

# insmod i2c_mpu6050.ko 
[  127.820667] i2c_mpu6050: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
[  127.829072] mpu6050_driver_init
[  127.833666] 	  match successed  
# ./test_app /dev/I2C1_mpu6050
AX =    574, AY =    198, AZ =  16784		GX =    -50, GY =   -189, GZ =    -38
AX =    588, AY =    188, AZ =  16768		GX =    -48, GY =   -175, GZ =    -40
AX = -10366, AY =  -4508, AZ =  11164		GX =  -9896, GY =  11097, GZ = -11451
AX = -14110, AY =   2746, AZ =   4270		GX = -27770, GY = -26383, GZ =  17776
AX =  -9850, AY =  10674, AZ =  -3436		GX =  -8408, GY =   5019, GZ =  13314
AX =  -7482, AY = -10730, AZ =  -3054		GX =   4618, GY = -32440, GZ =  17968
AX =   1320, AY =   3748, AZ =  21040		GX = -15680, GY =   8252, GZ =   3408
AX =   9350, AY =  10816, AZ =  -8042		GX =   3906, GY =    640, GZ =  12422
AX =  -8470, AY =  -5844, AZ =   6478		GX =  16069, GY = -32768, GZ =  12481
AX =  -2542, AY = -11888, AZ = -14484		GX =   8449, GY =  22099, GZ = -30254
AX =  -6590, AY =   9106, AZ =  13610		GX =  -4507, GY = -32768, GZ =  28548
AX =  -8738, AY =   6962, AZ =  -3122		GX = -27485, GY = -12743, GZ = -23153
AX =  -8436, AY =  -2534, AZ =  13078		GX =  32767, GY =  10061, GZ = -12789
AX =  -1298, AY = -12532, AZ = -12758		GX = -17934, GY =   3946, GZ =  -5478
AX =   7988, AY =  -3884, AZ =  14934		GX =   6224, GY =  -9852, GZ =  -7318
AX =   7812, AY =  -7544, AZ = -12826		GX = -32768, GY =  -3146, GZ =   3222
AX =   6158, AY =   1790, AZ = -14952		GX =    108, GY =   -324, GZ =   -209

至此,陀螺仪调试 OK

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