request的说法网上有很多,简单来说就是就是python里的很强大的类库,可以帮助你发很多的网络请求,比如get,post,put,delete等等,这里最常见的应该就是get和post
$ pip install requests
$ easy_install requests
(1)参数直接跟在url后面,即url的“ ?”后面,以key=value&key=value的形式
(2)由于get的参数是暴露在外面的,所以一般不传什么敏感信息,经常用于查询等操作
(3)由于参数是跟在url后面的,所以上传的数据量不大
(1)参数可以写在url后面,也可以写在body里面
(2)用body上传请求数据,上传的数据量比get大
(3)由于写在body体里,相对安全
post正文格式
(1)form表单 html提交数据的默认格式
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
例如: username=admin&password123
(2) multipart-form-data . 复合表单 可转数据+文件
(3)纯文本格式 raw ,最常见的 json . xml html js
Content-Type:application/json . text/xml . text/html
(4) binary . 二进制格式:只能上传一个文件
url = "http://www.search:9001/search/" param = {"key":"你好"} res = requests.get(url=url, params=params)
2、request发送post请求 (body是json格式,如果还带cookie)
headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'} #必须有 url = "http://www.search:9001/search/" data= {"key":"你好"} cookies = {"uid":"1"} res = requests.post(url=url, headers=headers, data=data, cookies=cookies)
3、 request发送post请求 (body是urlencoded格式)
url = "http://www.search:9001/search/"
data= {"key":"你好"}res = requests.post(url=url, headers=headers)
4、 request上传文件
def post_file_request(url, file_path): if os.path.exists(file_path): if url not in [None, ""]: if url.startswith("http") or url.startswith("https"): files = {'file': open(file_path, 'rb')} res = requests.post(url, files=files, data=data) return {"code": 0, "res": res} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "url格式不正确"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "url不能为空"} else: return {"code": 1, "res": "文件路径不存在"}
request发送请求后,会返回一个response,response里有好多信息,我进行了一下封装,基本如下
@staticmethod
def get_response_text(response):
if response not in [None, ""]:
if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response):
return {"code": 0, "res": response.text.encode('utf-8').decode('unicode_escape')} #这种方式可以将url编码转成中文,返回响应文本
else:
return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"}
else:
return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"}
@staticmethod
def get_response_status_code(response):
if response not in [None, ""]:
if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response):
return {"code": 0, "res": response.status_code} #返回响应状态吗
else:
return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"}
else:
return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"}
@staticmethod
def get_response_cookies(response):
if response not in [None, ""]:
if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response):
return {"code": 0, "res": response.cookies} #返回cookies
else:
return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"}
else:
return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"}
@staticmethod
def get_response_headers(response):
if response not in [None, ""]:
if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response):
return {"code": 0, "res": response.headers} #返回headers
else:
return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"}
else:
return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"}
@staticmethod
def get_response_encoding(response):
if response not in [None, ""]:
if isinstance(response, requests.models.Response):
return {"code": 0, "res": response.encoding} #返回编码格式
else:
return {"code": 1, "res": "response不合法"}
else:
return {"code": 1, "res": "response对像不能为空"}