手把手教你在虚拟机中部署Kubernetes集群（K8S）
我们在上面：VM部署CentOS并且设置网络 部署好了服务器。接下来需要准备三个服务器分别为
master节点：master 192.168.171.7
node节点：node1 192.168.171.6
node节点：node2 192.168.171.4
此步骤需要启动三台虚拟机，并且使用xshell进行连接
使用执行多个的命令来在每个服务器同步执行相同的命令
一：部署前准备（三台服务器都操作）
检查操作系统的版本
# 此方式安装kubernetes集群要求Centos版本要在7.5或以上
cat /etc/redhat-release
# CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)主机名解析
为了方便后面集群节点间的直接调用，在这配置一下主机名解析, 企业中推荐使用内部DNS服务器，这里的ip地址要根据自己机器的来。主机名成解析编辑三台服务器的/etc/hosts文件，添加下面内容
192.168.171.7 master
192.168.171.6 node1
192.168.171.4 node2分别在三台服务器上
ping master
ping node1
ping node2时间同步
kubernetes要求集群中的节点时间必须精确一致, 这里直接使用chronyd服务从网络同步时间。
企业中建议配置内部的时间同步服务器
# 启动chronyd服务
systemctl start chronyd
#设置chronyd服务开机自启
systemctl enable chronyd
# chronyd服务启动稍等几秒钟，就可以使用date命令验证时间了
date禁用iptables和firewalld服务
kubernetes和docker在运行中会产生大量的iptables规则，为了不让系统规则跟它们混淆，直接关闭系统的规则
# 1关闭firewalld服务
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
# 2关闭iptables服务
systemctl stop iptables
systemctl disable iptables禁用selinux
selinux是inux系统下的一个安全服务,如果不关闭它，在安装集群中会产生各种各样的奇葩问题
-
编辑/etc/selinux/config文件，修改SELINUX的值为disabled
-
# 注意修改完毕之后需要重启linux服务
SELINUX=disabled
禁用swap分区
wap分区指的是虚拟内存分区，它的作用是在物理内存使用完之后，将磁盘空间虚拟成内存来使用
启用swap设备会对系统的性能产生非常负面的影响，因此kubernetes要求每个节点都要禁用swap设备
但是如果因为某些原因确实不能关闭swap分区，就需要在集群安装过程中通过明确的参数进行配置说明
# 编辑分区配置文件/etc/fstab,注释掉swap分区一行
# 注意修改完毕之后需要重启linux服务
UUID=455cc753-7a60-4c17-a424-7741728c44a1 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
# /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0修改linux的内核参数
# 修改linux的内核参数，添加网桥过滤和地址转发功能
# 编辑/etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf文件，添加如下配置:
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
# 重新加载配置
sysctl -p
#加载网桥过滤模块
modprobe br_netfilter
#查看网桥过滤模块是否加载成功
lsmod | grep br_netfilter配置ipvs功能
# 1安装ipset和ipvsadm
yum install ipset ipvsadmin -y
# 2添加需要加载的模块写入脚本文件
cat < /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#! /bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
# 3为脚本文件添加执行权限
chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
# 4执行脚本文件
/bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
# 5查看对应的模块是否加载成功
lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
重启服务器
上面步骤完成之后，需要重新启动linux系统
reboot
二：安装k8s前准备的软件（三台服务器都操作）
1：安装docker
https://o36meer8.mirror.aliyuncs.com可以替换为自己的阿里云镜像仓库
# 1切换镜像源
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
# 2查看当前镜像源中支持的docker版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates
# 3安装特定版本的docker-ce
# 必须指定--setopt=obsoletes=0,否则yum会自动安装更高版本
yum install --setopt=obsoletes=0 docker-ce-18.06.3.ce-3.el7 -y
# 4添加一个配置文件
# Docker在默认情况下使用的Cgroup Driver为cgroupfs, 而kubernetes推荐使用systemd来代替cgroupfs
mkdir /etc/docker
cat < /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"registry-mirrors": ["https://o36meer8.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
# 5启动docker
systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable docker
# 6检查docker状态和版本
docker version 2：安装kubernetes组件
# 由于kubernetes的镜像源在国外，速度比较慢，这里切换成国内的镜像源
# 编辑/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo，添加下面的配置
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
# 安装kubeadm、kubelet和kubectl
yum install --setopt=obsoletes=0 kubeadm-1.17.4-0 kubelet-1.17.4-0 kubectl-1.17.4-0 -y
# 配置kubelet的cgroup
# 编辑/etc/sysconfig/kubelet，添加下面的配置
KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"
KUBE_PROXY_MODE="ipvs"
# 4设置kubelet开机自启
systemctl enable kubelet3：准备集群镜像
其中images={.....}是直接在控制台输入，点击enter即可，for循环也是一样直接在控制台输入，
# 在安装kubernetes集群之前，必须要提前准备好集群需要的镜像，所需镜像可以通过下面命令查看
kubeadm config images list
# 下载镜像
# 此镜像在kubernetes的仓库中,由于网络原因,无法连接，下面提供了一种替代方案
images=(
kube-apiserver:v1.17.4
kube-controller-manager:v1.17.4
kube-scheduler:v1.17.4
kube-proxy:v1.17.4
pause:3.1
etcd:3.4.3-0
coredns:1.6.5
)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName k8s.gcr.io/$imageName
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageName
done三：集群初始化
下面开始对集群进行初始化，并将node节点加入到集群中
下面的操作只需要在master节点上执行即可
apiserver-advertise-address为master节点的IP地址，根据自己的master节点来修改
# 创建集群
kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.17.4 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.171.7
# 创建必要文件
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config这个时候执行
kubectl get nodes
目前只有master节点，需要把node1,node2添加进去。
创建集群的时候，我们会看到有一个kubeadmin join的命令，拷贝下来。
在另外两个node节点执行语句 （这个语句是根据自己机器的执行结果来的）
在再master节点上执行 kubectl get nodes就能看到三个节点都在上面了。
但是状态为NotReady，因为还未安装网络
四：安装网络插件
kubernetes支持多种网络插件,比如flannel、 calico、 canal等等, 任选- 种使用即可, 本次选择flannel
下面操作依旧只在master节点执行即可，插件使用的是DaemonSet的控制器，它会在每个节点上都运行
# 获取fanne1的配置文件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
# 使用配置文件启动fannel
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
# 稍等片刻，再次查看集群节点的状态
kubectl get nodes到此，kubernetes的集群环境搭建完成
注意：如果发现kube-flannel.yml用不了，可以在网上找合适的kube-flannel.yml文件
下面是kube-flannel.yml的命令
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
# Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
# Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
# Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
# Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
# SELinux
seLinux:
# SELinux is unused in CaaSP
rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- amd64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:amd64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:arm64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:arm64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:arm
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:arm
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- ppc64le
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:ppc64le
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:ppc64le
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- s390x
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:s390x
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: registry.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com/test-lab/coreos-flannel:s390x
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
五：一些问题总结
1:我之前运行 kubeadm init 时丢失了原始的“kubeadm join”命令，怎么办？
在master节点上执行：
kubeadm token create --print-join-command2：service docker start/systemctl start docker执行时报这“"systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details”错误
错误信息还可能是如下
Job for docker.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
解决方案（针对自己在docker 官网下载最新的rpm 后自己使用yum install **/**/**.rpm 安装出现这个问题）：
Apr 3 15:31:11 Docker kernel: bio: create slab at 2
Apr 3 15:31:11 Docker dockerd: time="2018-04-03T15:31:11.835565555+08:00" level=info msg="devmapper: Creating filesystem xfs on device docker-253:1-34265854-base, mkfs args: [-m crc=0,finobt=0 /dev/mapper/docker-253:1-34265854-base]"
Apr 3 15:31:11 Docker dockerd: time="2018-04-03T15:31:11.836336636+08:00" level=info msg="devmapper: Error while creating filesystem xfs on device docker-253:1-34265854-base: exit status 1"
Apr 3 15:31:11 Docker dockerd: time="2018-04-03T15:31:11.836350296+08:00" level=error msg="[graphdriver] prior storage driver devicemapper failed: exit status 1"
Apr 3 15:31:11 Docker dockerd: Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: exit status 1
Apr 3 15:31:11 Docker systemd: docker.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Apr 3 15:31:11 Docker systemd: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine. 很明显了：mkfs.xfs版本太低，遂更新：
yum update xfsprogs
重启docker服务，正常！
3：子节点node1启动 kubeadm init 的时候出错：error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
W0821 17:29:08.265525 7407 join.go:346] [preflight] WARNING: JoinControlPane.controlPlane settings will be ignored when control-plane flag is not set.
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
[ERROR FileAvailable--etc-kubernetes-kubelet.conf]: /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf already exists
[ERROR FileAvailable--etc-kubernetes-bootstrap-kubelet.conf]: /etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf already exists
[ERROR FileAvailable--etc-kubernetes-pki-ca.crt]: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt already exists
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher原因是：一些配置文件与服务已经存在
解决方案：
#重置kubeadm
kubeadm reset在运行kubeadm join命令
4：安装网络插件，node节点出现错误： Unknown desc = failed pulling image "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1"
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled default-scheduler Successfully assigned kube-system/kube-flannel-ds-amd64-rkb6q to localhost.localdomain
Warning FailedCreatePodSandBox 4m1s (x68 over 39m) kubelet, localhost.localdomain Failed to create pod sandbox: rpc error: code = Unknown desc = failed pulling image "k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1": Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: net/http: TLS handshake timeout 解决方案如下：
# 查看 kubelet 配置
$ systemctl status -l kubelet
$ cd /var/lib/kubelet/
$ cp kubeadm-flags.env kubeadm-flags.env.ori
# 把 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.3 改成 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2
$ cat /var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env
$ KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1"
# 重启 kubelet 服务
$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ systemctl restart kubelet5：服务器的主机名还是localhost如何修改
临时的：sudo hostname new_hostname
永久的 vi /etc/hosts
将localhost.localhostadmin改成new_hostname
6:k8s安装报错Error: docker-ce-cli conflicts with 2:docker-1.13.1-103.git7f2769b.el7.centos.x86_64
原因是因为之前安装过docker，版本冲突原因，解决方法如下：
查询安装docker列表:yum list installed | grep docker
containerd.io.x86_64 1.2.13-3.1.el7 @docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.8-3.el7 @docker-ce-stable
docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:19.03.7-3.el7 @docker-ce-stable卸载对应的包
yum -y remove containerd.io.x86_64 docker-ce.x86_64 docker-ce-cli.x86_64
参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/liulj0713/p/12501957.html
7：[ERROR DirAvailable--var-lib-etcd]: /var/lib/etcd is not empty
原因：这是在 Kubernetes 中初始化集群时出现的错误。/var/lib/etcd 目录不为空，这是由于之前在该目录下有一个 etcd 实例。需要清空该目录或将其备份，然后再次尝试初始化。可以使用命令来忽略这个错误并继续执行初始化过程。另外，如果需要查看更详细的错误栈信息，可以在命令中加上参数 --v=5 或更高。
解决方法：在语句后面添加：--ignore-preflight-errors=DirAvailable--var-lib-etcd
如：kubeadm init --config /root/kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs --ignore-preflight-errors=DirAvailable--var-lib-etcd
参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/yuwen01/p/17438591.html
其他错误：K8S 故障处理经验积累（网络）_k8 s取消失败重启_牛牛Blog的博客-CSDN博客
参考：K8s集群搭建教程_ikemorebi的博客-CSDN博客
虚拟机部署Kubernetes（K8S）_虚拟机安装k8s_生骨大头菜的博客-CSDN博客
K8S集群安装与部署（Linux系统）_linux 安装k8s_Chensay.的博客-CSDN博客