近日，一项最新研究表明，相比可乐和柠檬汽水等碳酸饮料，每天喝过量的果汁对身体危害更大，会增加早逝（Premature Death）的风险。该研究发表在国际期刊The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)上。
Large glass of fruit juice a day increases risk of premature death, research suggests
The Telegraph
Fruit juice could be even worse for the health than drinking cola and lemonade, US research suggests. The study of 13,000 adults found that a 12 oz glass of juice a day could increase the risk of early death by almost a quarter.
premature death
premature表示“过早的，提早的”，英文解释为“happening before the natural or proper time”，如：his premature death due to cancer 他因癌症而早逝。也可以指婴儿“早产的”（a premature baby is born before the usual time of birth），如：a premature birth 早产。
此外还有做事“过早的，过快的；仓促的，草率的；不成熟的”的含义（done too early or too soon）举个：
It would be premature to accuse anyone until the investigation is complete.
调查结束之前谴责任何人都为时过早。
Premature death: Death that occurs before the average age of death in a certain population. In the United States, the average age of death is about 75 years. Smoking cigarettes and being exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke are leading causes of premature death in the United States. They can increase the risk of cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung disease, and many other health problems. Other causes of premature death are injuries and suicide.
第一段及后文中还用了early death/premature mortality来表达“早逝”这一含义。
Experts said the fructose content of such drinks could be driving up insulin resistance and stimulating hormones that promotes fat deposition around the waist. Both can lead to a greater chance of heart disease and diabetes.
fructose
fructose /ˈfrʌktəʊs, ˈfrʊktəʊz/表示“果糖”，英文解释为“Fructose is a sweet substance which occurs naturally in fruit and vegetables. It is sometimes used to make food sweeter.”
insulin
insulin /ˈɪnsjəlɪn/表示“胰岛素”，英文解释为“a chemical substance produced in the body that controls the amount of sugar in the blood (by influencing the rate at which it is removed); a similar artificial substance given to people whose bodies do not produce enough naturally”
Insulin Resistance 胰岛素抵抗
胰岛素抵抗，是指脂肪细胞、肌肉细胞和肝细胞对正常浓度的胰岛素产生反应不足的现象，亦即这些细胞需要更高的胰岛素浓度才能对胰岛素产生反应。
Insulin resistance (IR) is considered as a pathological condition in which cells fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin. （Wikipedia）
hormone
表示“激素；荷尔蒙”，英文解释为“a chemical substance produced in the body or in a plant that encourages growth or influences how the cells and tissues function; an artificial substance that has similar effects”，如：growth hormones 生长激素。
fat deposition
fat deposition 脂肪沉积，deposition表示“沉积，堆积”，英文解释为“the natural process of depositing a substance on rocks or soil”，如：marine/river deposition 海洋/河流沉积物。
The new research, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), compared, for the first time, 100 per cent fruit juices with sugar-sweetened beverages such as cola and lemonade.
It found that higher death rates were associated with consumption of all sugary drinks.
A daily 12 oz (340ml) glass of a sugar-sweetened drink such as cola was linked to a 6 per cent increased risk of early death over the six year study.
sugar-sweetened beverages
sugar-sweetened表示“含糖的，加糖的”；A sweetened beverage is any beverage with added sugar.[1] It has been described as "liquid candy".[2] Consumption of sweetened beverages has been linked to weight gain, obesity, and associated health risks.
And drinking an extra fruit juice of the same volume was linked to a 24 per cent rise in premature mortality.
Researchers from Emory University in Atlanta and Cornell University in New York, said the impact did not seem to stem just from the impact of the drinks on obesity, as the findings were adjusted to take account of this.
However, the study was observational, so it could not demonstrate that the drinks caused the increased health risks.
observational
表示“观测的；根据观察的”，英文解释为“Observational means relating to the watching of people or things, especially in order to learn something new.”举个：
The observational work is carried out on a range of telescopes.
观测工作是借助于各种望远镜来进行的。
During an average follow-up of six years, there were 1,000 deaths from any cause. Participants had an average age of 64 at the start of the study. British scientists said the findings were important.
They said many people drank too many juices and smoothies, disregarding their high sugar content, when they would be better eating pieces of fruit, which are more filling.
smoothie
表示“思慕雪（一种用水果、果汁，有时加冰、奶或酸奶制成的饮料）；（水果）奶昔”，英文解释为“a thick drink made of fruit and fruit juices mixed together, sometimes with ice, milk, or yoghurt”，如：a strawberry-banana smoothie 草莓香蕉思慕雪。
filling
表示“（食物）使人感到饱的”，英文解释为“food that is filling makes your stomach feel full”举个：
Pasta and rice are both very filling.
意大利面食和米饭都很能填饱肚子。
The NHS recommends a maximum of one portion of 150 ml of fruit juice daily, as part of “5 a day”. Typically, people in the study got 8.4 per cent of their calorie intake each day from sugar-sweetened drinks and 4 per cent from 100 per cent fruit juice.
5 A Day
5 A Day is any of various national campaigns in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, to encourage the consumption of at least five portions of fruit and vegetables each day, following a recommendation by the World Health Organization that individuals consume "a minimum of 400g of fruit and vegetables per day (excluding potatoes and other starchy tubers)." （Wikipedia）
Dr Gunter Kuhnle, associate professor in nutrition and health at the University of Reading, said: "This is a very important study, especially as fruit juices are often seen as a 'healthy' alternative to sugar-sweetened beverages, even though they often contain much more sugar (especially smoothies).
"Fruit juices are a poor replacement for actual fruit consumption, in particular as they can be much more easily over-consumed,” he said.
"In the UK, the general recommendation is that a 150ml glass of fruit juice can provide one of the five-a-day, but not more.
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