VirtualBox配置宿主机和虚拟机网络互通+外网访问

VirtualBox 版本：7.0
虚拟机版本：CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1804_2.iso
宿主机版本：Windows 10-21H2

VirtualBox 和 虚拟机安装

省略~

VirtualBox 配置

在虚拟机的【设置】选项中配置两张网卡，图下图所示，网卡一用来上外网，网卡二用来宿主机和虚拟机互通；

宿主机配置

在宿主机的网络配置中可以看到有两张网卡，配置如下

虚拟机配置

在 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts 下我们可以看到有 ifcfg-enp* 的几个网卡

[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
ifcfg-enp0s3  ifdown-bnep  ifdown-isdn    ifdown-sit       ifup          ifup-ippp  ifup-plusb   ifup-sit       ifup-wireless
ifcfg-enp0s8  ifdown-eth   ifdown-post    ifdown-Team      ifup-aliases  ifup-ipv6  ifup-post    ifup-Team      init.ipv6-global
ifcfg-lo      ifdown-ippp  ifdown-ppp     ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-bnep     ifup-isdn  ifup-ppp     ifup-TeamPort  network-functions
ifdown        ifdown-ipv6  ifdown-routes  ifdown-tunnel    ifup-eth      ifup-plip  ifup-routes  ifup-tunnel    network-functions-ipv6

ifcfg-enp0s3 内容如下

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="enp0s3"
UUID="b68e88aa-c2b0-491d-b68a-ba42d5909da0"
DEVICE="enp0s3"
ONBOOT="yes"

ifcfg-enp0s8 内容如下，相对于 enp0s3 有以下差异

1. 其实 VirtualBox 的网卡一相当于 enp0s3，网卡二相当于 enp0s8；
2. BOOTPROTO：因为要固定 IP，所以这里改为了 static，如果不需要固定 IP 这里可以不变；
3. IPADDR：因为要固定 IP，这里可以自行定义一个和宿主机上图中 IP 地址同网段的 IP 地址；
4. GATEWAY：这里采用宿主机中网卡的 IP 地址作为网关地址，借用宿主机的这个新的网卡来让宿主机和虚拟机互通；
5. DNS、NETMASK 需要如下所示即可；

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s8
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEM_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=enp0s8
UUID=89a26f7a-cff6-41c9-967d-f24d8a487656
DEVICE=enp0s8
ONBOOT=yes
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
IPADDR=192.168.56.66
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.56.1
NDS1=192.168.56.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0

当我们执行 ifconfig 时，会看到以下内容，包含了 enp0s3 和 enp0s8 的相关详细，和上述的两个文件一一对应，如果 enp0s8 不存在，可以尝试 ifconfig enp0s8 up 来启用网卡

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
br-333369dc300e: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.18.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.18.255.255
        inet6 fe80::42:b2ff:fefd:dd65  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 02:42:b2:fd:dd:65  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

enp0s3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.2.15  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.2.255
        inet6 fe80::aa2:ef4e:8e39:f70e  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 08:00:27:77:8d:18  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 1445586277  bytes 99534207139 (92.6 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 724852849  bytes 80007504058 (74.5 GiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

enp0s8: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.56.66  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.56.255
        inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe20:15a5  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 08:00:27:20:15:a5  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 8234963  bytes 11649264390 (10.8 GiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 911044  bytes 201611576 (192.2 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 1671278  bytes 133346849 (127.1 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1671278  bytes 133346849 (127.1 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0