nginx 安装包手动安装搭建文件服务器（CentOS 7）

1. 下载安装

1.1 下载安装包

下载地址：http://nginx.org/en/download.html

下载 linux 稳定版本，如下图：

1.2 解压并安装

# 解压
tar -zxvf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz

# 重命名文件夹
mv nginx-1.20.1 nginx && cd nginx

# 安装
./configure && make && make install

2. 修改配置

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

配置文件内容：

# 修改用户为 root
user  root;
worker_processes  1;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    # 目录配置
    autoindex on;
    autoindex_exact_size on;
    autoindex_localtime on;

    server {
        listen             80;        # 监听端口
        server_name        _;
        root               /data/;    # 文件服务根目录
        location / {
           #index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

# 重新加载配置并重启 nginx 服务
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

其他相关操作命令

# 启动
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
# 停止，此方式相当于先查出 nginx 进程 id 再使用 kill 命令强制杀掉进程
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
# 退出，此方式停止步骤是待 nginx 进程处理任务完毕进行停止
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit 
# 重启，重新加载配置文件并启动服务
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

3. 加入系统服务并开机自启

3.1 在 /etc/init.d/ 路径下创建 nginx 文件

vi /etc/init.d/nginx

nginx 文件完整内容如下：

#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15
# description:  NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

# 修改此处为实际 nginx 所在路径
#nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)

# 修改此处为实际 nginx 配置文件路径
#NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx

make_dirs() {
   # make required directories
   user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:.*--user=" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
   if [ -n "$user" ]; then
      if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
         useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
      fi
      options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
      for opt in $options; do
          if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
              value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
              if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
                  # echo "creating" $value
                  mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
              fi
          fi
       done
    fi
}

start() {
    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
    make_dirs
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $prog -QUIT
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}

restart() {
    configtest || return $?
    stop
    sleep 1
    start
}

reload() {
    configtest || return $?
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc $prog -HUP
    retval=$?
    echo
}

force_reload() {
    restart
}

configtest() {
  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}

rh_status() {
    status $prog
}

rh_status_q() {
    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}

case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart|configtest)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
            ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
        exit 2
esac

修改其中两处：

# 修改此处为实际 nginx 所在路径
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"

# 修改此处为实际 nginx 配置文件路径
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

3.2 赋予权限

chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx

3.3 加入 chkconfig 管理

chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/nginx

3.4 设置开机自启动

chkconfig nginx on

3.5 通过 service 启动、停止、重启

service nginx start
service nginx stop  
service nginx restart

4. 参考链接

https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/redhatnginxinit/

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36198509/article/details/113086213

https://blog.csdn.net/datadev_sh/article/details/83819791