runtime 的几个应用场景:
- 消息转发
- method siwizzling
- 归解档、模式互转
- 自定义KVO
消息转发
消息转发机制的流程:
- 动态方法解析
- 快速转发
- 慢速转发(也就是完整的消息转发流程)
动态方法解析
给person类的.h添加一个方法yy_sendMessage
,但是没有实现,
运行[[Person new] yy_sendMessage:@"yy_msg"];
这个方法会报错:Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '-[Person yy_sendMessage:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x6000025e0b50'
动态方法解析可以实现动态的为当前类添加方法:
@implementation Person
void yy_sendMessage(id self, SEL _cmd, NSString *msg)
{
NSLog(@"person--%@",msg);
}
+ (BOOL)resolveInstanceMethod:(SEL)sel
{
NSString *methodName = NSStringFromSelector(sel);
if ([methodName isEqualToString:@"yy_sendMessage:"]) {
BOOL flag = class_addMethod(self, sel, (IMP)yy_sendMessage, "v@:@");
return flag;
}
return NO;
}
@end
再次运行,程序正常并打印消息
person--yy_msg
快速转发
如果Person类没有实现resolveInstanceMethod:
方法,或者返回NO,可以通过快速转发的方式,把消息发给别的对象,这里把消息转给Car,前提是Car要有实现这个方法
@interface Car : NSObject
- (void)yy_sendMessage:(NSString *)msg;
@end
@implementation Car
- (void)yy_sendMessage:(NSString *)msg
{
NSLog(@"car--%@",msg);
}
@end
@implementation Person
- (NSMethodSignature *)methodSignatureForSelector:(SEL)aSelector
{
NSString *methodName = NSStringFromSelector(aSelector);
if ([methodName isEqualToString:@"yy_sendMessage:"]) {
return [NSMethodSignature signatureWithObjCTypes:"v@:@"];
}
return [super methodSignatureForSelector:aSelector];
}
- (void)forwardInvocation:(NSInvocation *)anInvocation
{
SEL sel = anInvocation.selector;
Car *car = [Car new];
if ([car respondsToSelector:sel]) {
[anInvocation invokeWithTarget:car];
}else{
[super forwardInvocation:anInvocation];
}
}
@end
打印结果:
car--yy_msg
重写doesNotRecognizeSelector:
如果forwardInvocation:
没有找到合适的消息处理者,重写doesNotRecognizeSelector:
可以让app继续运行:
- (void)doesNotRecognizeSelector:(SEL)aSelector
{
NSLog(@"找不到方法,app继续运行");
}
method siwizzling
方法交换,就是把我们的方法O和系统的方法S交换,在执行S方法的时候,及时运行的是O方法的逻辑。
@interface UITableView (YYDefaultDisplayView)
@property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *nodataTipsView;
@end
@implementation UITableView (YYDefaultDisplayView)
+ (void)load{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
// 确保只会执行一次 (防止调皮的童鞋手动再调用load方法)
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
Method originMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(reloadData));
Method swizzlingMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, @selector(yy_reloadData));
// 互换方法
method_exchangeImplementations(originMethod, swizzlingMethod);
});
}
// 卧底
- (void)yy_reloadData{
// yy_reloadData实际指向reloadData,相当于调用系统的方法
[self yy_reloadData];
// 这里添加我们想要做的事情
[self showDefaultVeiw];
}
- (void)showDefaultVeiw{
id dataSource = self.dataSource;
NSInteger section = [dataSource respondsToSelector:@selector(numberOfSectionsInTableView:)] ? [dataSource numberOfSectionsInTableView:self] : 1;
NSInteger row = 0;
for (NSInteger i= 0; i < section; i ++) {
row = [dataSource tableView:self numberOfRowsInSection:section];
}
if (row == 0) {
self.nodataTipsView = [[UILabel alloc] init];
self.nodataTipsView.text = @"暂时无数据,再刷新试试?";
self.nodataTipsView.backgroundColor = UIColor.yellowColor;
self.nodataTipsView.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
self.nodataTipsView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, self.frame.size.width, self.frame.size.height);
[self addSubview:self.nodataTipsView];
}else{
self.nodataTipsView.hidden = YES;
}
}
#pragma mark - getting && setting
- (void)setNodataTipsView:(UILabel *)nodataTipsView
{
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, @selector(nodataTipsView), nodataTipsView, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
- (UILabel *)nodataTipsView
{
return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, _cmd);
}
@end
这里有几个值得思考的点:
- 为什么选择在
laod
方法里交换方法? - 为什么要确保执行一次?
-
yy_reloadData
里又调用了yy_reloadData
,会造成死循环麽? - set方法和get方法里,使用了_cmd作为关联key,为什么?(都是
const void *key
类型)
详情见这里
归解档/模式互转
@interface Person : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger age;
- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary;
- (NSDictionary *)convertModelToDictionary;
@end
#import "Person.h"
#import
@implementation Person
// 字典->模型
- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionary{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
for (NSString *key in dictionary.allKeys) {
// 通过key构建set方法
NSString *methodName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"set%@:",key.capitalizedString];
SEL sel = NSSelectorFromString(methodName);
if (sel) {
/*
指针函数的形式:
returnType (*functionName) (param1, param2, ...)
void (*)(id, SEL, id)
使用指针调用函数:
(returnType (*functionName) (param1, param2, ...))
*/
NSString *value = dictionary[key];
((void (*)(id, SEL, id))objc_msgSend)(self, sel, value);
}
}
}
return self;
}
// 模型->字典
- (NSDictionary *)convertModelToDictionary{
unsigned int count = 0;
objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(self.class, &count);
if (count == 0) {
free(properties);
return nil;
}
NSMutableDictionary *dic = NSMutableDictionary.dictionary;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i ++) {
const char *propertyName = property_getName(properties[i]);
NSString *name = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:propertyName];
SEL sel = NSSelectorFromString(name);
if (sel) {
// 通过get方法获取value
NSString *value = ((id (*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(self, sel);
if (value) {
dic[name] = value;
}else{
dic[name] = @"";
}
}
}
// 释放
free(properties);
return dic;
}
@end
// 测试:
NSDictionary *dic = @{@"name": @"iO骨灰级菜鸟", @"age": @(18)};
Person *p = [[Person alloc] initWithDictionary:dic];
NSLog(@"name: %@ age:%@",p.name, p.age);
NSDictionary *dic2 = [p convertModelToDictionary];
NSLog(@"dic2:%@",dic2);
// 打印:
name: iO骨灰级菜鸟 age:18
dic2:{
age = 18;
name = "iO\U9aa8\U7070\U7ea7\U83dc\U9e1f";
}
person
类提供了字典和模型互转的方法,分别对应属性的set方法和get方法。核心代码是通过函数指针的方式运行objc_sendMsg()
方法。
字典转模型里,注意方法函数名字大写的拼接处理,改进的空间有:
- 兼容性处理:判断参数是否是字典,字典多层嵌套等
- 性能优化:缓存结果、使用更底层的函数以提高性能等
模型转字典里,注意释放变量。
自定义KVO
KVO的底层实现也是基于runtime。当一个对象Obj被监听的时候,系统会为Obj创建一个子类,并加上一个前缀NSKVONotifing_Obj。接着把isa指针也改为指向新的子类,所以苹果说不要通过isa来判断这个类的真实类型。同时,Apple 还重写了 -class
方法,企图欺骗我们这个类没有变,就是原本那个类。当然,还要重写set方法,在set方法里实现通知的逻辑。具体实现可以看我的这篇博文