副词

副词通常是用来修饰动词、形容词与副词的修饰语。

修饰语与它所修饰的对象最好尽量接近
修饰语不应该有两个以上的可能修饰的对象而造成模棱两可，语义不清的后果

副词的种类与位置

表示方法状态的副词，是修饰动词专用的修饰语

S+V
The dog barked furiously at the mailman
The dog furiously barked at the mailman.
S+V+C
He stayed single reluctantly
He reluctantly stayed single.
S+V+O
He harassed the girl openly.
He harassed the girl sitting at the counter
-S+V+O+O
His father bought him a car generously.
The student politely asked the speaker a question.
S+V+O+C
I consider you a member of the family proudly.

词用于修饰动作发生的频率，是修饰动词专用的副词

这种副词有一项特色，就是它修饰的词类不拘：不论是名词、动词、形容词、还是副词，四种主要的词类都可以用它来修饰。

名词:Only John saw the boss yesterday.
动词:John only saw the boss yesterday.
名词:John saw only the boss yesterday.
副词:John saw the boss only yesterday.

和强调范围的副词一样，加强语气的副词也是修饰的对象不拘、四大词类都可以用它来修饰。

名词:You are absolutely a genius!
形容词:The test is extremely difficult.
动词:Your hair badly needs cutting.
副词:Time passed amazingly fast.

这又是一种修饰对象不拘、四大词类都可以用它来修饰的副词。

The plan almost failed.
Your son is quite a man now.
I barely know John.
He plays the piano rather well.
That is a fairly long story.

这种副词，意思和并列连词（and, or, but）类似，但是缺乏连词的语法功能。亦即，连接副词可以用来表示前后两个从句之间的逻辑关系，但是不能用它来连接两个从句，必须借助标点符号：加上分号把两个从句分开，或者用句点之类断开变成两句话

一般语法书都说这种副词是修饰全句的副词，这种说法也可以接受。不过，如果深入观察省略的情形，就可以看出这种副词原本属于另一个从句，是该从句中的方法、状态副词。