ef mysql自动更新_EntityFrameworkCore使用Migrations自动更新数据库

EntityFrameworkCore使用Migrations自动更新数据库

系统环境:Win10

IDE:VS2017 RC4

.netcore版本:1.1

一、新建ASP.NET Core WebApi项目

二、引用Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite

使用VS Nuget工具,添加对Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite库的引用,如使用其他数据库,添加相对应的引用即可。

三、使项目支持dotnet ef工具以使用Migrations

手动修改项目csproj文件

在ItemGroup.DotNetCliToolReference节点添加Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet工具的引用,注意版本1.0.0-msbuild3-final,VS2017 RC4 用的是MSBuild格式。

并在ItemGroup.PackageReference节点添加对Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design的引用,因为使用dotnet ef migrations add命令需要该引用。

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手动添加的原因是我在Nuget添加Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet时,报了一个错,可能是VS2017 RC版本的BUG:

Package 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet 1.1.0-preview4-final' has a package type 'DotnetCliTool' that is not supported by project 'EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo'.

CMD命令行cd到项目目录下(非Solution目录),执行dotnet build,dotnet ef

C:\WorkSpacesC\DotNetCore\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo>dotnet build

Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 15.1.545.13942

Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Startup.cs(45,13): warning CS4014: Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed. Consider applying the 'await' operator to the result of the call. [C:\WorkSpacesC\DotNetCore\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo.csproj]

EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo -> C:\WorkSpacesC\DotNetCore\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo\bin\Debug\netcoreapp1.0\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo.dll

Build succeeded.

Startup.cs(45,13): warning CS4014: Because this call is not awaited, execution of the current method continues before the call is completed. Consider applying the 'await' operator to the result of the call. [C:\WorkSpacesC\DotNetCore\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo.csproj]

1 Warning(s)

0 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:04.76

C:\WorkSpacesC\DotNetCore\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo>dotnet ef

_/\__

---==/ \\

___ ___ |. \|\

| __|| __| | ) \\\

| _| | _| \_/ | //|\\

|___||_| / \\\/\\

Entity Framework Core .NET Command Line Tools 1.0.0-msbuild3-final

Usage: dotnet ef [options] [command]

Options:

--version Show version information

-h|--help Show help information

-v|--verbose Show verbose output.

--no-color Don't colorize output.

--prefix-output Prefix output with level.

Commands:

database Commands to manage the database.

dbcontext Commands to manage DbContext types.

migrations Commands to manage migrations.

Use "dotnet ef [command] --help" for more information about a command.

可以看到EF独角兽,说明工具引用成功。

四、创建实例DbContext

新建DbContext以及相关Models

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo.Data

{

public class BloggingContext : DbContext

{

public DbSet Blogs { get; set; }

public DbSet Posts { get; set; }

protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)

{

optionsBuilder.UseSqlite("Filename=./Blogging.db");

}

}

public class Blog

{

public int BlogId { get; set; }

public string Url { get; set; }

public List Posts { get; set; }

}

public class Post

{

public int PostId { get; set; }

public string Title { get; set; }

public string Content { get; set; }

public int BlogId { get; set; }

public Blog Blog { get; set; }

}

}

在Startup将DbContext注册为服务

namespace EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo

{

public class Startup

{

······

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)

{

······

services.AddDbContext();

}

······

}

}

五、使用Migrations

新建数据库初始化类InitializeAsync.cs

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo.Data

{

public class DbInitializer

{

public async Task InitializeAsync(BloggingContext context)

{

//var migrations = await context.Database.GetPendingMigrationsAsync();//获取未应用的Migrations,不必要,MigrateAsync方法会自动处理

await context.Database.MigrateAsync();//根据Migrations修改/创建数据库

}

}

}

在Startup.cs的Configure方法中,添加参数BloggingContext context,netcore会使用DI将DbContext注入到Configure方法,并添加对DbInitializer的调用。

public class Startup

{

······

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory, BloggingContext context)

{

······

new DbInitializer().InitializeAsync(context);

}

}

使用dotnet ef命令创建Migrations:dotnet ef migrations add [NAME]

C:\WorkSpacesC\DotNetCore\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo\EntityFrameworkCoreMigrationsDemo>dotnet ef migrations add Initial

Build succeeded.

0 Warning(s)

0 Error(s)

Time Elapsed 00:00:02.32

Done. To undo this action, use 'ef migrations remove'

执行成功后,可以看到项目目录下多了个文件夹Migrations,里面就是自动生成的Migrations文件。

创建更新Migrations的命令跟创建初始的一样,只是最后一个参数自己定义即可。

最后执行代码,成功创建了新的数据库,并且里面有一个表__EFMigrationsHistory,是自动生成的用来记录Migrations记录。

修改Blog类,添加一个字段public string NewField { get; set; },在命令行执行命令dotnet ef migrations add NewField,然后运行程序,可以看到数据库已经更新,__EFMigrationsHistory表也多了一条对应的记录。

其他说明

因为我习惯使用VS,但是构建这个项目的过程中,需要使用到命令行,还需要手动修改csproj文件,所以这篇文章的操作过程有可能点乱,我自己在写Demo的时候,也是多次重启VS使VS能够加载最新的项目。

Demo源码,测试通过:Github

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