Java注解是附加在代码中的一些元信息,用于一些工具在编译、运行时进行解析和使用,起到说明、配置的功能。注解相关类都包含在java.lang.annotation包中。
@Retention://定义注解的保留策略
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE) //注解仅存在于源码中,在class字节码文件中不包含
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS) //默认的保留策略,注解会在class字节码文件中存在,但运行时无法获得,
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) //注解会在class字节码文件中存在,在运行时可以通过反射获取到
@Target://指定被修饰的Annotation可以放置的位置(被修饰的目标)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) //接口、类
@Target(ElementType.FIELD) //属性
@Target(ElementType.METHOD) //方法
@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER) //方法参数
@Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR) //构造函数
@Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE) //局部变量
@Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE) //注解
@Target(ElementType.PACKAGE) //包
//注:可以指定多个位置,例如:
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE}),//也就是此注解可以在方法和类上面使用
@Inherited://指定被修饰的Annotation将具有继承性
@Documented://指定被修饰的该Annotation可以被javadoc工具提取成文档.
注解分类(根据Annotation是否包含成员变量,可以把Annotation分为两类):
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.xqx</groupId>
<artifactId>spboottest01</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>spboottest01</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<!-- <scope>test</scope>-->
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
package com.xqx.annotation.pi;
public enum TranscationModel {
Read, Write, ReadWrite
}
package com.xqx.annotation.pi;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* MyAnnotation1注解可以用在类、接口、属性、方法上
* 注解运行期也保留
* 不可继承
*/
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.FIELD,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface MyAnnotation1 {
String name();
}
package com.zking.annotation.pi;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* MyAnnotation2注解可以用在方法上
* 注解运行期也保留
* 不可继承
*/
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface MyAnnotation2 {
TranscationModel model() default TranscationModel.ReadWrite;
}
package com.xqx.annotation.pi;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* MyAnnotation3注解可以用在方法上
* 注解运行期也保留
* 可继承
*/
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface MyAnnotation3 {
TranscationModel[] models() default TranscationModel.ReadWrite;
}
package com.xqx.annotation.pi;
/**
* 获取类与方法上的注解值
*/
@MyAnnotation1(name = "xqx")
public class Demo1 {
@MyAnnotation1(name = "xxq")
private Integer age;
@MyAnnotation2(model = TranscationModel.Read)
public void list() {
System.out.println("list");
}
@MyAnnotation3(models = {TranscationModel.Read, TranscationModel.Write})
public void edit() {
System.out.println("edit");
}
}
package com.xqx.annotation.pi;
import org.junit.Test;
public class Demo1Test {
@Test
public void list() throws Exception {
// 获取类上的注解
MyAnnotation1 annotation1 = Demo1.class.getAnnotation(MyAnnotation1.class);
System.out.println(annotation1.name());//xqx
// 获取方法上的注解
MyAnnotation2 myAnnotation2 = Demo1.class.getMethod("list").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation2.class);
System.out.println(myAnnotation2.model());//Read
// 获取属性上的注解
MyAnnotation1 myAnnotation1 = Demo1.class.getDeclaredField("age").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation1.class);
System.out.println(myAnnotation1.name());// xxq
}
@Test
public void edit() throws Exception {
MyAnnotation3 myAnnotation3 = Demo1.class.getMethod("edit").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation3.class);
for (TranscationModel model : myAnnotation3.models()) {
System.out.println(model);//Read,Write
}
}
}
package com.xqx.annotation.p2;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
/**
* @author 小李飞刀
* @site www.javaxl.com
*/
//@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface TestAnnotation {
String value() default "默认value值";
String what() default "这里是默认的what属性对应的值";
}
package com.xqx.annotation.p2;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
//@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface TestAnnotation {
String value() default "默认value值";
String what() default "这里是默认的what属性对应的值";
}
package com.xqx.annotation.p2;
public class Demo2 {
@TestAnnotation(value = "这就是value对应的值_msg1", what = "这就是what对应的值_msg1")
private static String msg1;
@TestAnnotation("这就是value对应的值1")
private static String msg2;
@TestAnnotation(value = "这就是value对应的值2")
private static String msg3;
@TestAnnotation(what = "这就是what对应的值")
private static String msg4;
}
package com.xqx.annotation.p2;
import org.junit.Test;
public class Demo2Test {
@Test
public void test1() throws Exception {
TestAnnotation msg1 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg1").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
System.out.println(msg1.value());
System.out.println(msg1.what());
}
@Test
public void test2() throws Exception{
TestAnnotation msg2 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg2").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
System.out.println(msg2.value());
System.out.println(msg2.what());
}
@Test
public void test3() throws Exception{
TestAnnotation msg3 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg3").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
System.out.println(msg3.value());
System.out.println(msg3.what());
}
@Test
public void test4() throws Exception{
TestAnnotation msg4 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg4").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
System.out.println(msg4.value());
System.out.println(msg4.what());
}
}
package com.xqx.annotation.p3;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* 非空注解:使用在方法的参数上,false表示此参数可以为空,true不能为空
*/
@Documented
@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface IsNotNull {
boolean value() default false;
}
package com.xqx.annotation.p3;
/**
* 获取参数修饰注解对应的属性值
*/
public class Demo3 {
public void hello1(@IsNotNull(true) String name) {
System.out.println("hello:" + name);
}
public void hello2(@IsNotNull String name) {
System.out.println("hello:" + name);
}
}
package com.xqx.annotation.p3;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;
public class Demo3Test {
@Test
public void hello1() throws Exception {
Demo3 demo3 = new Demo3();
for (Parameter parameter : demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello1", String.class).getParameters()) {
IsNotNull annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.class);
if(annotation != null){
System.out.println(annotation.value());//true
}
}
}
@Test
public void hello2() throws Exception {
Demo3 demo3 = new Demo3();
for (Parameter parameter : demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello2", String.class).getParameters()) {
IsNotNull annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.class);
if(annotation != null){
System.out.println(annotation.value());//false
}
}
}
@Test
public void hello3() throws Exception {
// 模拟浏览器传递到后台的参数 解读@requestParam
String name = "zs";
Demo3 demo3 = new Demo3();
Method method = demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello1", String.class);
for (Parameter parameter : method.getParameters()) {
IsNotNull annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.class);
if(annotation != null){
System.out.println(annotation.value());//true
if (annotation.value() && !"".equals(name)){
method.invoke(demo3,name);
}
}
}
}
}
执行hello()3:
AOP(面向切面编程)是一种编程范式,用于将横切关注点(如日志记录、事务管理等)与主要业务逻辑分离。它通过在程序中定义切面(Aspect)来实现这种分离。切面是一组与特定关注点相关的行为,它可以被模块化并应用到多个不同的对象中。AOP的目标是提高代码的模块性、可重用性和可维护性。
pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aopartifactId>
dependency>
自定义注解
package com.xqx.annotation.aop;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface MyLog {
String desc();
}
applicationContext.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xqx"/>
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
beans>
应用注解
package com.xqx.annotation.aop;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@Aspect
public class MyLogAspect {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyLogAspect.class);
/**
* 只要用到了com.javaxl.p2.annotation.springAop.MyLog这个注解的,就是目标类
*/
@Pointcut("@annotation(com.xqx.annotation.aop.MyLog)")
private void MyValid() {
}
@Before("MyValid()")
public void before(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
logger.debug("[" + signature.getName() + " : start.....]");
System.out.println("[" + signature.getName() + " : start.....]");
MyLog myLog = signature.getMethod().getAnnotation(MyLog.class);
logger.debug("【目标对象方法被调用时候产生的日志,记录到日志表中】:"+myLog.desc());
System.out.println("【目标对象方法被调用时候产生的日志,记录到日志表中】:" + myLog.desc());
}
}
package com.xqx.annotation.aop;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class LogController {
@MyLog(desc = "这是结合spring aop知识,讲解自定义注解应用的一个案例")
public void testLogAspect(){
System.out.println("哈哈哈哈");
}
}
package com.xqx.annotation.aop;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
// @ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})
@SpringBootTest
public class BaseTestCase {
}
package com.xqx.annotation.aop;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
public class LogControllerTest extends BaseTestCase {
@Autowired
private LogController logController;
@Test
public void testLogAspect(){
logController.testLogAspect();
}
}