一，虚拟主机类型
1,实践基于域名的虚拟主机
[root@web02 ~]# cd /application/nginx/conf/
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# egrep -v "^$|#" nginx.conf.default >nginx.conf
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat -n nginx.conf
1 worker_processes 1;
2 events {
3 worker_connections 1024;
4 }
5 http {
6 include mime.types;
7 default_type application/octet-stream;
8 sendfile on;
9 keepalive_timeout 65;
10 server {
11 listen 80;
12 server_name www.etiantian.org;
13 location / {
14 root html/www;
15 index index.html index.htm;
16 }
17 }
18 server {
19 listen 80;
20 server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
21 location / {
22 root html/bbs;
23 index index.html index.htm;
24 }
25 }
26 server {
27 listen 80;
28 server_name blog.etiantian.org;
▽ 29 location / {
30 root html/blog;
31 index index.html index.htm;
32 }
33 }
34 }
准备配置文件
1）[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# mkdir ../html/www
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# echo "www.etiantian.org" >../html/www/index.html
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat ../html/www/index.html
www.etiantian.org
2）[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# mkdir ../html/bbs
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# echo "bbs.etiantian.org" >../html/bbs/index.html
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat ../html/bbs/index.html
bbs.etiantian.org
3）[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# mkdir ../html/blog
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# echo "blog.etiantian.org" >../html/blog/index.html
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat ../html/blog/index.html
blog.etiantian.org
4）本地解析
echo "10.0.0.8 www.etiantian.org bbs.eiantian.org blog.etiantian.org" >>/etc/hosts
5)nginx配环境变量（可选）
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# echo 'PATH="/application/nginx/sbin:$PATH"' >>/etc/profile
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# . /etc/profile
6）nginx 重启
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -s reload
7）测试
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl www.etiantian.org
www.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl bbs.etiantian.org
bbs.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl blog.etiantian.org
blog.etiantian.org
2,基于端口虚拟主机实践：
1)主配置文件
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat nginx.conf
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/www;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 81;
server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/bbs;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 82;
server_name blog.etiantian.org;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
2）启动nginx 查看和启动
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# netstat -lntup|grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14322/nginx: master
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -s reload
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# netstat -lntup|grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14322/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:81 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14322/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:82 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14322/nginx: master
3）测试
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl www.etiantian.org
www.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl bbs.etiantian.org:81
bbs.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl bbs.etiantian.org
www.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl blog.etiantian.org:82
blog.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl blog.etiantian.org
www.etiantian.org
总结；如果访问时不输入端口，就找默认的第一个端口（80），然后找server_name。
如果输入端口，先找到端口，再找server_name。
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1，先匹配请求的端口 2，然后匹配Server标签域名 3，把对应域名下面站点目录4，下的首页文件发给客户端5，如果没有匹配的域名，就把第一个虚拟机， 主机发给客户端
==============
3，基于IP的虚拟主机：
1）增加练个ip
[root@web02 ~]# ip addr add 10.0.0.9 dev eth0 label eth0:9
[root@web02 ~]# ip addr add 10.0.0.10 dev eth0 label eth0:10
2）配置文件
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# cat -n nginx.conf
1 worker_processes 1;
2 events {
3 worker_connections 1024;
4 }
5 http {
6 include mime.types;
7 default_type application/octet-stream;
8 sendfile on;
9 keepalive_timeout 65;
10 server {
11 listen 10.0.0.8:80;
12 server_name www.etiantian.org;
13 location / {
14 root html/www;
15 index index.html index.htm;
16 }
17 }
18 server {
19 listen 10.0.0.9:80;
20 server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
21 location / {
22 root html/bbs;
23 index index.html index.htm;
24 }
25 }
26 server {
27 listen 10.0.0.10:80;
28 server_name blog.etiantian.org;
29 location / {
30 root html/blog;
31 index index.html index.htm;
32 }
33 }
34 }
3）启动nginx
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.16.0//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx -s stop
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# nginx
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# netstat -lntup|grep nginx
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.10:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14967/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.9:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14967/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 10.0.0.8:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14967/nginx: master
4）测试
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl 10.0.0.8
www.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl 10.0.0.9
bbs.etiantian.org
[root@web02 /application/nginx/conf]# curl 10.0.0.10
blog.etiantian.org
二，什么是恶意域名解析
一般情况下，要使域名能访问到网站需要两步，第一步，将域名解析到网站所在的主机，第二步，在web服务器中将域名与相应的网站绑定。但是，如果通过主机IP能直接访问某网站，那么把域名解析到这个IP也将能访问到该网站，而无需在主机上绑定，也就是说任何人将任何域名解析到这个IP就能访问到这个网站。
三，恶意域名解析的危害
可能您并不介意通过别人的域名访问到您的网站，但是如果这个域名是未备案域名呢？
假如那域名是不友善的域名，比如曾经指向非法网站，容易引发搜索引擎惩罚，连带IP受到牵连。即使域名没什么问题，但流量也会被劫持到别的域名，从而遭到广告联盟的封杀。
四，如何防止，配置里第一个标签如下配置
server{
listen 80;
server_name _default;
return 500;
}